_git-submodules
authorChristian Marillat <marillat@debian.org>
Mon, 10 Aug 2026 18:36:30 +0000 (20:36 +0200)
committerChristian Marillat <marillat@debian.org>
Mon, 10 Aug 2026 18:36:30 +0000 (20:36 +0200)
Gbp-Pq: Name 01_git-submodules.patch

67 files changed:
deps/try_signal/.travis.yml [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/CMakeLists.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/Jamfile [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/LICENSE [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/README.rst [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/appveyor.yml [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/example.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/signal_error_code.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/signal_error_code.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/test.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/try_signal.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/try_signal.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/try_signal_mingw.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/try_signal_msvc.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
deps/try_signal/try_signal_posix.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/CMakeLists.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/Jamfile [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/LICENSE [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/README.rst [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/chrono.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/config.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/function.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/handler_allocator.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/http_proxy.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/http_server.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/mallocator.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/nat.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/noexcept_movable.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/packet.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/pcap.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/pop_warnings.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/push_warnings.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/queue.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/simulator.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/sink.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/sink_forwarder.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/socks_server.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/ssl.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/utils.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/acceptor.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/default_config.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/high_resolution_clock.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/high_resolution_timer.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/http_proxy.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/http_server.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/io_service.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/nat.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/pcap.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/queue.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/resolver.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/simulation.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/simulator.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/sink_forwarder.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/socks_server.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/tcp_socket.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/src/udp_socket.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/acceptor.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/catch.hpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/main.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/multi_accept.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/multi_homed.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/null_buffers.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/parse_request.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/resolver.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/timer.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/test/udp_socket.cpp [new file with mode: 0644]
simulation/libsimulator/user-config.jam [new file with mode: 0644]

diff --git a/deps/try_signal/.travis.yml b/deps/try_signal/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..778d067
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+language: cpp
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - env: toolset=gcc
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
+      env: toolset=darwin
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+
+git:
+  submodules: false
+  depth: 1
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    sources:
+    - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    packages:
+    - libboost-tools-dev
+    - g++-9
+
+install:
+
+  - 'if [[ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ]]; then brew update > /dev/null && brew install boost-build; fi'
+  - 'if [[ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME != "osx" ]]; then
+      export B2=bjam;
+    else
+      export B2=b2;
+    fi'
+  - touch ~/user-config.jam
+  - 'if [[ $toolset == "gcc" ]]; then
+      g++-5 --version;
+      echo "using gcc : : g++-5 : <cxxflags>-std=c++11 ;" >> ~/user-config.jam;
+    fi'
+  - 'echo "using darwin : : clang++ : <cxxflags>-std=c++11 ;" >> ~/user-config.jam'
+
+script:
+
+  - ${B2} link=static stage_test
+  - ./test
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/CMakeLists.txt b/deps/try_signal/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..945cd6c
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+project(try_signal)
+
+add_library(try_signal signal_error_code try_signal)
+target_include_directories(try_signal PUBLIC .)
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/Jamfile b/deps/try_signal/Jamfile
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ec001a8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+lib try_signal
+       : # sources
+       signal_error_code.cpp try_signal.cpp
+       : # requirements
+       : # default build
+       <link>static
+       : # usage requirements
+       <include>.
+       ;
+
+exe test : test.cpp : <library>try_signal <link>static ;
+explicit test ;
+
+exe example : example.cpp : <library>try_signal <link>static ;
+explicit example ;
+
+install stage_test : test : <location>. ;
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/LICENSE b/deps/try_signal/LICENSE
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..1523026
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2016, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/README.rst b/deps/try_signal/README.rst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..22cbe18
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+try_signal
+==========
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/arvidn/try_signal.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/arvidn/try_signal
+
+.. image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/le8jjroaai8081f1?svg=true
+       :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/arvidn/try-signal/branch/master
+
+The ``try_signal`` library provide a way to turn signals into C++ exceptions.
+This is especially useful when performing disk I/O via memory mapped files,
+where I/O errors are reported as ``SIGBUS`` and ``SIGSEGV`` or as structured
+exceptions on windows.
+
+The function ``try_signal`` takes a function object that will be executed once.
+If the function causes a signal (or structured exception) to be raised, it will
+throw a C++ exception. Note that RAII may not be relied upon within this function.
+It may not rely on destructors being called. Stick to simple operations like
+memcopy.
+
+Example::
+
+       #include <stdexcept>
+       #include <vector>
+       #include <numeric>
+       #include "try_signal.hpp"
+       #include <fcntl.h>
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       #include <sys/mman.h>
+
+       int main() try
+       {
+               int fd = open("test_file", O_RDWR);
+               void* map = mmap(nullptr, 1024, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+
+               std::vector<char> buf(1024);
+               std::iota(buf.begin(), buf.end(), 0);
+
+               // disk full or access after EOF are reported as exceptions
+               sig::try_signal([&]{
+                       std::memcpy(map, buf.data(), buf.size());
+               });
+
+               munmap(map, 1024);
+               close(fd);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       catch (std::exception const& e)
+       {
+               fprintf(stderr, "exited with exception: %s\n", e.what());
+               return 1;
+       }
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/appveyor.yml b/deps/try_signal/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a185535
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+version: "{build}"
+branches:
+  only:
+  - master
+os: Visual Studio 2015
+clone_depth: 1
+environment:
+  matrix:
+  - variant: debug
+    compiler: msvc-14.0
+    model: 64
+  - variant: debug
+    compiler: msvc-14.0
+    model: 32
+  - variant: release
+    compiler: msvc-14.0
+    model: 64
+  - variant: debug
+    compiler: gcc
+    model: 32
+  - variant: debug
+    compiler: gcc
+    model: 64
+  - variant: release
+    compiler: gcc
+    model: 32
+
+install:
+- set ROOT_DIRECTORY=%CD%
+- set BOOST_ROOT=c:\Libraries\boost_1_67_0
+- set BOOST_BUILD_PATH=%BOOST_ROOT%\tools\build
+- echo %BOOST_ROOT%
+- echo %BOOST_BUILD_PATH%
+- set PATH=%PATH%;%BOOST_BUILD_PATH%\src\engine\bin.ntx86
+- ps: '"using msvc : 14.0 ;`nusing gcc : : : <cxxflags>-std=c++11 ;" | Set-Content $env:HOMEDRIVE\$env:HOMEPATH\user-config.jam'
+- type %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%\user-config.jam
+- set PATH=c:\msys64\mingw32\bin;%PATH%
+- g++ --version
+- python --version
+- echo %ROOT_DIRECTORY%
+- cd %BOOST_BUILD_PATH%\src\engine
+- build.bat >nul
+- cd %ROOT_DIRECTORY%
+
+build_script:
+# examples
+- b2.exe warnings=all warnings-as-errors=on -j2 %compiler% address-model=%model% variant=%variant% stage_test
+
+test_script:
+- test
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/example.cpp b/deps/try_signal/example.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..703b817
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vector>
+#include <numeric>
+#include "try_signal.hpp"
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+int main() try
+{
+       int fd = open("test_file", O_RDWR);
+       void* map = mmap(nullptr, 1024, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+
+       std::vector<char> buf(1024);
+       std::iota(buf.begin(), buf.end(), 0);
+
+       // disk full or access after EOF are reported as exceptions
+       sig::try_signal([&]{
+               std::memcpy(map, buf.data(), buf.size());
+       });
+
+       munmap(map, 1024);
+       close(fd);
+       return 0;
+}
+catch (std::exception const& e)
+{
+       fprintf(stderr, "exited with exception: %s\n", e.what());
+       return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/signal_error_code.cpp b/deps/try_signal/signal_error_code.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ae016cf
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2016, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#include <system_error>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "signal_error_code.hpp"
+
+namespace {
+
+       struct signal_error_category : std::error_category
+       {
+               const char* name() const noexcept override
+               { return "signal"; }
+               std::string message(int ev) const noexcept override
+               {
+#define SIGNAL_CASE(x) case sig::errors::error_code_enum:: x: return #x;
+                       switch (ev)
+                       {
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(abort)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(alarm)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(arithmetic_exception)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(hangup)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(illegal)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(interrupt)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(kill)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(pipe)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(quit)
+                       case sig::errors::error_code_enum::segmentation: return "segmentation fault";
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(terminate)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(user1)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(user2)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(child)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(cont)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(stop)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(terminal_stop)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(terminal_in)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(terminal_out)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(bus)
+#ifdef SIGPOLL
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(poll)
+#endif
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(profiler)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(system_call)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(trap)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(urgent_data)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(virtual_timer)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(cpu_limit)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(file_size_limit)
+                       default: return "unknown";
+                       }
+#undef SIGNAL_CASE
+               }
+               std::error_condition default_error_condition(int ev) const noexcept override
+               { return {ev, *this}; }
+       };
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace errors {
+
+       std::error_code make_error_code(error_code_enum e)
+       {
+               return {e, sig_category()};
+       }
+
+       std::error_condition make_error_condition(error_code_enum e)
+       {
+               return {e, sig_category()};
+       }
+
+} // namespace errors
+
+std::error_category& sig_category()
+{
+       static signal_error_category signal_category;
+       return signal_category;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+namespace {
+       sig::errors::error_code_enum map_exception_code(int const ev)
+       {
+               switch (ev)
+               {
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::access_violation:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::array_bounds_exceeded:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::guard_page:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::stack_overflow:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_stack_check:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::in_page_error:
+                               return sig::errors::segmentation;
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::breakpoint:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::single_step:
+                               return sig::errors::trap;
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::datatype_misalignment:
+                               return sig::errors::bus;
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_denormal_operand:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_divide_by_zero:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_inexact_result:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_invalid_operation:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_overflow:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::flt_underflow:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::int_divide_by_zero:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::int_overflow:
+                               return sig::errors::arithmetic_exception;
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::illegal_instruction:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::invalid_disposition:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::priv_instruction:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::noncontinuable_exception:
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::status_unwind_consolidate:
+                               return sig::errors::illegal;
+                       case seh_errors::error_code_enum::invalid_handle:
+                               return sig::errors::pipe;
+                       default:
+                               return sig::errors::illegal;
+               }
+       }
+
+       struct seh_error_category : std::error_category
+       {
+               const char* name() const noexcept override
+               { return "SEH"; }
+               std::string message(int ev) const noexcept override
+               {
+#define SIGNAL_CASE(x) case sig::seh_errors::error_code_enum:: x: return #x;
+                       switch (ev)
+                       {
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(access_violation)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(array_bounds_exceeded)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(guard_page)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(stack_overflow)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_stack_check)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(in_page_error)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(breakpoint)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(single_step)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(datatype_misalignment)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_denormal_operand)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_divide_by_zero)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_inexact_result)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_invalid_operation)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_overflow)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(flt_underflow)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(int_divide_by_zero)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(int_overflow)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(illegal_instruction)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(invalid_disposition)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(priv_instruction)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(noncontinuable_exception)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(status_unwind_consolidate)
+                       SIGNAL_CASE(invalid_handle)
+                       default: return "unknown";
+                       }
+#undef SIGNAL_CASE
+               }
+               std::error_condition default_error_condition(int ev) const noexcept override
+               { return std::error_condition(map_exception_code(ev), sig_category()); }
+       };
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+namespace seh_errors {
+
+       std::error_code make_error_code(error_code_enum e)
+       {
+               return {static_cast<int>(e), seh_category()};
+       }
+
+} // namespace errors
+
+std::error_category& seh_category()
+{
+       static seh_error_category seh_category;
+       return seh_category;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace sig
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/signal_error_code.hpp b/deps/try_signal/signal_error_code.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..91ea947
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2016, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SIGNAL_ERROR_CODE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SIGNAL_ERROR_CODE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <system_error>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#include <excpt.h>
+#else
+#include <eh.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace errors {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define SIG_ENUM(name, sig) name,
+#else
+#define SIG_ENUM(name, sig) name = sig,
+#endif
+
+       enum error_code_enum: int
+       {
+               SIG_ENUM(abort, SIGABRT)
+               SIG_ENUM(alarm, SIGALRM)
+               SIG_ENUM(arithmetic_exception, SIGFPE)
+               SIG_ENUM(hangup, SIGHUP)
+               SIG_ENUM(illegal, SIGILL)
+               SIG_ENUM(interrupt, SIGINT)
+               SIG_ENUM(kill, SIGKILL)
+               SIG_ENUM(pipe, SIGPIPE)
+               SIG_ENUM(quit, SIGQUIT)
+               SIG_ENUM(segmentation, SIGSEGV)
+               SIG_ENUM(terminate, SIGTERM)
+               SIG_ENUM(user1, SIGUSR1)
+               SIG_ENUM(user2, SIGUSR2)
+               SIG_ENUM(child, SIGCHLD)
+               SIG_ENUM(cont, SIGCONT)
+               SIG_ENUM(stop, SIGSTOP)
+               SIG_ENUM(terminal_stop, SIGTSTP)
+               SIG_ENUM(terminal_in, SIGTTIN)
+               SIG_ENUM(terminal_out, SIGTTOU)
+               SIG_ENUM(bus, SIGBUS)
+#ifdef SIGPOLL
+               SIG_ENUM(poll, SIGPOLL)
+#endif
+               SIG_ENUM(profiler, SIGPROF)
+               SIG_ENUM(system_call, SIGSYS)
+               SIG_ENUM(trap, SIGTRAP)
+               SIG_ENUM(urgent_data, SIGURG)
+               SIG_ENUM(virtual_timer, SIGVTALRM)
+               SIG_ENUM(cpu_limit, SIGXCPU)
+               SIG_ENUM(file_size_limit, SIGXFSZ)
+       };
+
+#undef SIG_ENUM
+
+       std::error_code make_error_code(error_code_enum e);
+       std::error_condition make_error_condition(error_code_enum e);
+
+} // namespace errors
+
+std::error_category& sig_category();
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+namespace seh_errors {
+
+       // standard error codes are "int", the win32 exceptions are DWORD (i.e.
+       // unsigned int). We coerce them into int here for compatibility, and we're
+       // not concerned about their arithmetic
+       enum error_code_enum: int
+       {
+               access_violation = int(EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION),
+               array_bounds_exceeded = int(EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED),
+               guard_page = int(EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE),
+               stack_overflow = int(EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW),
+               flt_stack_check = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK),
+               in_page_error = int(EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR),
+               breakpoint = int(EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT),
+               single_step = int(EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP),
+               datatype_misalignment = int(EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT),
+               flt_denormal_operand = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND),
+               flt_divide_by_zero = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO),
+               flt_inexact_result = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT),
+               flt_invalid_operation = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION),
+               flt_overflow = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW),
+               flt_underflow = int(EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW),
+               int_divide_by_zero = int(EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO),
+               int_overflow = int(EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW),
+               illegal_instruction = int(EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION),
+               invalid_disposition = int(EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION),
+               priv_instruction = int(EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION),
+               noncontinuable_exception = int(EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION),
+               status_unwind_consolidate = int(STATUS_UNWIND_CONSOLIDATE),
+               invalid_handle = int(EXCEPTION_INVALID_HANDLE),
+       };
+
+       std::error_code make_error_code(error_code_enum e);
+}
+
+std::error_category& seh_category();
+
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+} // namespace sig
+
+namespace std
+{
+template<>
+struct is_error_code_enum<sig::errors::error_code_enum> : std::true_type {};
+
+template<>
+struct is_error_condition_enum<sig::errors::error_code_enum> : std::true_type {};
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+template<>
+struct is_error_code_enum<sig::seh_errors::error_code_enum> : std::true_type {};
+#endif
+
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/test.cpp b/deps/try_signal/test.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b8c67c8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring> // for memcpy
+
+#include "try_signal.hpp"
+
+int main()
+{
+       char const buf[] = "test...test";
+       char dest[sizeof(buf)];
+
+       {
+               sig::try_signal([&]{
+                       std::memcpy(dest, buf, sizeof(buf));
+               });
+               if (!std::equal(buf, buf + sizeof(buf), dest)) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: buffer not copied correctly\n");
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       try {
+               void* invalid_pointer = nullptr;
+               sig::try_signal([&]{
+                       std::memcpy(dest, buf, sizeof(buf));
+                       std::memcpy(dest, invalid_pointer, sizeof(buf));
+               });
+       }
+       catch (std::system_error const& e)
+       {
+               if (e.code() != std::error_condition(sig::errors::segmentation)) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: expected segmentaiton violation error\n");
+               }
+               else {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "OK\n");
+               }
+               fprintf(stderr, "exited with expected system_error exception: %s\n", e.what());
+
+               // we expect this to happen, so return 0
+               return e.code() == std::error_condition(sig::errors::segmentation) ? 0 : 1;
+       }
+
+       // return non-zero here because we don't expect this
+       fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: expected exit through exception\n");
+       return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/try_signal.cpp b/deps/try_signal/try_signal.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..be5cd8d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2016, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <csetjmp>
+#include <csignal>
+
+#include "try_signal.hpp"
+
+#if !defined _WIN32
+// linux
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace detail {
+
+namespace {
+thread_local sigjmp_buf* jmpbuf = nullptr;
+}
+
+std::atomic_flag once = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
+
+scoped_jmpbuf::scoped_jmpbuf(sigjmp_buf* ptr)
+{
+       _previous_ptr = jmpbuf;
+       jmpbuf = ptr;
+       std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+scoped_jmpbuf::~scoped_jmpbuf() { jmpbuf = _previous_ptr; }
+
+void handler(int const signo, siginfo_t*, void*)
+{
+       std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
+       if (jmpbuf)
+               siglongjmp(*jmpbuf, signo);
+
+       // this signal was not caused within the scope of a try_signal object,
+       // invoke the default handler
+       signal(signo, SIG_DFL);
+       raise(signo);
+}
+
+void setup_handler()
+{
+       struct sigaction sa;
+       sa.sa_sigaction = &sig::detail::handler;
+       sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+       sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+       sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, nullptr);
+       sigaction(SIGBUS, &sa, nullptr);
+}
+
+} // detail namespace
+} // sig namespace
+
+#elif __GNUC__
+// mingw
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace detail {
+
+thread_local jmp_buf* jmpbuf = nullptr;
+
+long CALLBACK handler(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pointers)
+{
+       std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
+       if (jmpbuf)
+               longjmp(*jmpbuf, pointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode);
+       return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+}
+
+scoped_handler::scoped_handler(jmp_buf* ptr)
+{
+       _previous_ptr = jmpbuf;
+       jmpbuf = ptr;
+       std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_release);
+       _handle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, sig::detail::handler);
+}
+scoped_handler::~scoped_handler()
+{
+       RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(_handle);
+       jmpbuf = _previous_ptr;
+}
+
+} // detail namespace
+} // sig namespace
+
+#else
+// windows
+
+#include <winnt.h> // for EXCEPTION_*
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace detail {
+
+       // these are the kinds of SEH exceptions we'll translate into C++ exceptions
+       bool catch_error(int const code)
+       {
+               return code == EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR
+                       || code == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION
+                       || code == EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED;
+       }
+} // detail namespace
+} // namespace sig
+
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/try_signal.hpp b/deps/try_signal/try_signal.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..557d92b
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef TRY_SIGNAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TRY_SIGNAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined _WIN32
+// linux
+#include "try_signal_posix.hpp"
+#elif __GNUC__
+// mingw
+#include "try_signal_mingw.hpp"
+#else
+// windows
+#include "try_signal_msvc.hpp"
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // TRY_SIGNAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/try_signal_mingw.hpp b/deps/try_signal/try_signal_mingw.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e4db043
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef TRY_SIGNAL_MINGW_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TRY_SIGNAL_MINGW_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "signal_error_code.hpp"
+
+#include <setjmp.h> // for jmp_buf
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace detail {
+
+struct scoped_handler
+{
+       scoped_handler(jmp_buf* ptr);
+       ~scoped_handler();
+       scoped_handler(scoped_handler const&) = delete;
+       scoped_handler& operator=(scoped_handler const&) = delete;
+private:
+       void* _handle;
+       jmp_buf* _previous_ptr;
+};
+
+} // detail namespace
+
+template <typename Fun>
+void try_signal(Fun&& f)
+{
+       jmp_buf buf;
+       int const code = setjmp(buf);
+       // set the thread local jmpbuf pointer, and make sure it's cleared when we
+       // leave the scope
+       sig::detail::scoped_handler scope(&buf);
+       if (code != 0)
+               throw std::system_error(std::error_code(code, seh_category()));
+
+       f();
+}
+
+} // sig namespace
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/try_signal_msvc.hpp b/deps/try_signal/try_signal_msvc.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..04cc62d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef TRY_SIGNAL_MSVC_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TRY_SIGNAL_MSVC_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "signal_error_code.hpp"
+
+namespace sig {
+namespace detail {
+
+bool catch_error(int const code);
+
+} // detail namespace
+
+template <typename Fun>
+void try_signal(Fun&& f)
+{
+       __try
+       {
+               f();
+       }
+       __except (detail::catch_error(GetExceptionCode()))
+       {
+               throw std::system_error(std::error_code(GetExceptionCode(), seh_category()));
+       }
+}
+
+} // sig namespace
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/deps/try_signal/try_signal_posix.hpp b/deps/try_signal/try_signal_posix.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2c4615d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef TRY_SIGNAL_POSIX_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TRY_SIGNAL_POSIX_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "signal_error_code.hpp"
+#include <setjmp.h> // for sigjmp_buf
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace sig {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+extern std::atomic_flag once;
+
+struct scoped_jmpbuf
+{
+       explicit scoped_jmpbuf(sigjmp_buf* ptr);
+       ~scoped_jmpbuf();
+       scoped_jmpbuf(scoped_jmpbuf const&) = delete;
+       scoped_jmpbuf& operator=(scoped_jmpbuf const&) = delete;
+private:
+       sigjmp_buf* _previous_ptr;
+};
+
+void handler(int const signo, siginfo_t* si, void*);
+void setup_handler();
+
+} // detail namespace
+
+template <typename Fun>
+void try_signal(Fun&& f)
+{
+       if (sig::detail::once.test_and_set() == false) {
+               sig::detail::setup_handler();
+       }
+
+       sigjmp_buf buf;
+       int const sig = sigsetjmp(buf, 1);
+       // set the thread local jmpbuf pointer, and make sure it's cleared when we
+       // leave the scope
+       sig::detail::scoped_jmpbuf scope(&buf);
+       if (sig != 0)
+               throw std::system_error(static_cast<sig::errors::error_code_enum>(sig));
+
+       f();
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/CMakeLists.txt b/simulation/libsimulator/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a805d25
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+project(libsimulator)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.7)
+
+set(SRC_DIR src)
+set(TEST_SRC_DIR test)
+set(INCLUDE_DIR include)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+# Boost.System is header-only (since Boost 1.69), so we only need the Boost
+# headers. Requesting the "system" component fails with recent Boost releases
+# that no longer ship a boost_system CMake config file.
+find_package(Boost REQUIRED)
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+
+set(SIMULATOR_SRC_FILES
+  ${SRC_DIR}/acceptor.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/high_resolution_timer.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/io_service.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/resolver.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/sink_forwarder.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/udp_socket.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/default_config.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/http_proxy.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/pcap.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/simulation.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/socks_server.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/high_resolution_clock.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/http_server.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/queue.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/simulator.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/tcp_socket.cpp
+  ${SRC_DIR}/nat.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(simulator ${SIMULATOR_SRC_FILES})
+target_include_directories(simulator PUBLIC ${INCLUDE_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(simulator PUBLIC Boost::boost)
+
+if(WIN32)
+  target_link_libraries(simulator PRIVATE ws2_32)
+endif()
+
+enable_testing()
+
+function(define_test)
+  set(NAME ${ARGV0})
+  add_executable(${NAME} ${TEST_SRC_DIR}/${NAME}.cpp ${TEST_SRC_DIR}/main.cpp)
+  target_link_libraries(${NAME} simulator)
+  target_link_libraries(${NAME} Threads::Threads)
+  add_test(NAME ${NAME} COMMAND ${NAME})
+endfunction()
+
+define_test(acceptor)
+define_test(multi_accept)
+define_test(multi_homed)
+define_test(null_buffers)
+define_test(parse_request)
+define_test(resolver)
+define_test(timer)
+define_test(udp_socket)
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/Jamfile b/simulation/libsimulator/Jamfile
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b9cf9b9
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# This Jamfile requires boost-build v2 to build.
+
+import path ;
+import modules ;
+import os ;
+import testing ;
+
+BOOST_ROOT = [ modules.peek : BOOST_ROOT ] ;
+
+ECHO "BOOST_ROOT =" $(BOOST_ROOT) ;
+ECHO "OS =" [ os.name ] ;
+
+lib wsock32 : : <name>wsock32 <link>shared ;
+lib ws2_32 : : <name>ws2_32 <link>shared ;
+
+if $(BOOST_ROOT)
+{
+       use-project /boost : $(BOOST_ROOT) ;
+       alias boost_system : /boost/system//boost_system ;
+}
+else
+{
+       local boost-lib-search-path =
+               <search>/usr/local/opt/boost/lib
+               <search>/opt/homebrew/lib
+               ;
+
+       local boost-include-path =
+               <include>/usr/local/opt/boost/include
+               <include>/opt/homebrew/include
+       ;
+
+       # boost_system is a header-only library now, but we still need to find the boost headers
+       alias boost_system : : : : $(boost-include-path) ;
+}
+
+SOURCES =
+       simulator
+       simulation
+       io_service
+       high_resolution_timer
+       high_resolution_clock
+       tcp_socket
+       udp_socket
+       queue
+       acceptor
+       default_config
+       http_server
+       socks_server
+       resolver
+       http_proxy
+       sink_forwarder
+       pcap
+       nat
+       ;
+
+lib simulator
+       : # sources
+       src/$(SOURCES).cpp
+
+       : # requirements
+       <include>include
+       <library>boost_system
+       <target-os>windows:<library>ws2_32
+       <target-os>windows:<library>wsock32
+       <threading>multi
+
+       <link>shared:<define>SIMULATOR_BUILDING_SHARED
+       <define>_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+
+       # https://github.com/chriskohlhoff/asio/issues/290#issuecomment-377727614
+       <define>_SILENCE_CXX17_ALLOCATOR_VOID_DEPRECATION_WARNING
+
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_BOOST_DATE_TIME
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_HAS_MOVE
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_ENABLE_CANCELIO
+
+       # make sure asio uses std::chrono
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_HAS_STD_CHRONO
+
+       # io_executor only implements the legacy (Networking TS v1) executor
+       # concept: this falls any_io_executor back to boost::asio::executor,
+       # which it can wrap, so boost::asio::ssl::stream's bookkeeping timers
+       # work for consumers that include simulator/ssl.hpp.
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_USE_TS_EXECUTOR_AS_DEFAULT
+
+       # disable auto-link
+       <define>BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB
+
+       : # default build
+       <warnings>all
+       <warnings-as-errors>on
+       # boost.asio has a global tss_ptr which is the head of a
+       # linked list of all invocations of run on that thread. This
+       # determines whether dispatch() will run the handler immediately
+       # not. The simulator relies on this. On windows each DLL will have
+       # its own copy of this variable, effectively causing a deadlock
+       # in the simulator. So, default to static linking
+       <link>static
+
+       : # usage requirements
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_BOOST_DATE_TIME
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_HAS_MOVE
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_ENABLE_CANCELIO
+       <define>BOOST_ASIO_USE_TS_EXECUTOR_AS_DEFAULT
+       <threading>multi
+       <include>include
+       <link>shared:<define>SIMULATOR_LINKING_SHARED
+
+       # https://github.com/chriskohlhoff/asio/issues/290#issuecomment-377727614
+       <define>_SILENCE_CXX17_ALLOCATOR_VOID_DEPRECATION_WARNING
+       ;
+
+project
+       : requirements
+       <library>simulator
+       # disable auto-link
+       <define>BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB
+       : default-build
+       <link>static
+       <threading>multi
+       <cxxstd>14
+       ;
+
+test-suite simulator-tests : [ run
+       test/main.cpp
+       test/resolver.cpp
+       test/multi_homed.cpp
+       test/timer.cpp
+       test/acceptor.cpp
+       test/multi_accept.cpp
+       test/null_buffers.cpp
+       test/udp_socket.cpp
+       test/parse_request.cpp
+       ] ;
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/LICENSE b/simulation/libsimulator/LICENSE
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..733c072
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
+certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
+you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
+or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
+know their rights.
+
+  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+
+  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
+authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
+changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
+authors of previous versions.
+
+  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
+modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
+can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
+protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
+pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
+use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
+have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
+products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
+stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
+of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
+
+  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
+States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
+software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
+avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
+make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
+patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+  0. Definitions.
+
+  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
+works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
+"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
+
+  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
+exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
+earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
+
+  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+
+  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
+infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
+computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
+distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
+  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
+parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
+a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
+
+  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
+to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
+feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
+work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
+the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
+menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+
+  1. Source Code.
+
+  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
+for making modifications to it.  "Object code" means any non-source
+form of a work.
+
+  A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
+standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
+interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
+is widely used among developers working in that language.
+
+  The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
+than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
+packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
+Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
+Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
+implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
+"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
+(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
+(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
+produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
+
+  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
+the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
+work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
+control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
+System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
+programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
+which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
+includes interface definition files associated with source files for
+the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
+linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
+such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
+subprograms and other parts of the work.
+
+  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
+can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
+Source.
+
+  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
+same work.
+
+  2. Basic Permissions.
+
+  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
+copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
+conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
+permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
+covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
+content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
+rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+
+  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
+convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
+in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
+of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
+with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
+the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
+not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
+for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
+and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
+your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
+
+  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
+the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
+makes it unnecessary.
+
+  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+
+  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
+measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
+11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
+similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
+measures.
+
+  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
+is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
+the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
+modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
+users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
+technological measures.
+
+  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+
+  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
+receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
+appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
+keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
+non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
+keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
+recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+
+  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
+and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+
+  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+
+  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
+produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
+terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
+    it, and giving a relevant date.
+
+    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
+    released under this License and any conditions added under section
+    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
+    "keep intact all notices".
+
+    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
+    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
+    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
+    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
+    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
+    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
+    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
+
+    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
+    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
+    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
+    work need not make them do so.
+
+  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
+works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
+and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
+in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
+"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
+used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
+beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
+in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
+parts of the aggregate.
+
+  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+
+  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
+of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
+machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
+in one of these ways:
+
+    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
+    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
+    customarily used for software interchange.
+
+    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
+    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
+    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
+    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
+    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
+    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
+    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
+    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
+    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
+    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
+
+    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
+    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
+    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
+    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
+    with subsection 6b.
+
+    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
+    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
+    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
+    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
+    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
+    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
+    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
+    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
+    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
+    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
+    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
+    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
+
+    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
+    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
+    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
+    charge under subsection 6d.
+
+  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
+from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
+included in conveying the object code work.
+
+  A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
+tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
+or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
+into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
+doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
+product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
+typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
+of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
+actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
+is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
+commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
+the only significant mode of use of the product.
+
+  "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
+procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
+and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
+a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
+suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
+code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
+modification has been made.
+
+  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
+specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
+part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
+User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
+fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
+Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
+by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
+if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
+modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
+been installed in ROM).
+
+  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
+requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
+for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
+the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
+network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
+adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
+protocols for communication across the network.
+
+  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
+in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
+documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
+source code form), and must require no special password or key for
+unpacking, reading or copying.
+
+  7. Additional Terms.
+
+  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
+License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
+Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
+be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
+that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
+apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
+under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
+this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
+remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
+it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
+removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
+additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
+for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
+add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
+that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+
+    a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
+    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+
+    b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
+    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
+    Notices displayed by works containing it; or
+
+    c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
+    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+
+    d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
+    authors of the material; or
+
+    e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
+    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+
+    f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
+    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
+    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
+    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
+    those licensors and authors.
+
+  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
+restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
+received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+governed by this License along with a term that is a further
+restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
+License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
+of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
+not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+
+  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
+must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
+additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
+where to find the applicable terms.
+
+  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
+form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
+the above requirements apply either way.
+
+  8. Termination.
+
+  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
+provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
+modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
+paragraph of section 11).
+
+  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
+license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
+provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
+finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
+holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
+prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+
+  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+
+  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+material under section 10.
+
+  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
+run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
+to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
+nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
+modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
+not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+
+  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
+for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
+work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
+transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
+licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
+give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
+Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
+the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
+rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+  11. Patents.
+
+  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
+owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
+by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
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+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
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+
+  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
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+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
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+
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+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
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+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
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+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
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+work and works based on it.
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+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
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+
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+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
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+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
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+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
+    Copyright (C) {year}  {name of author}
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    {project}  Copyright (C) {year}  {fullname}
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/README.rst b/simulation/libsimulator/README.rst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..8fb68fa
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+libsimulator
+============
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/arvidn/libsimulator/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://github.com/arvidn/libsimulator/actions/workflows/ci.yml
+
+*This is still in initial development, some of this README represents ambitions
+rather than the current state*
+
+libsimulator is a library for running discrete event simulations, implementing
+the ``boost.asio`` API (or a somewhat faithful emulation of a subset of it,
+patches are welcome). This makes it practical to be used as a testing tool of
+real implementations of network software as well as for writing simulators that
+later turn into live production applications.
+
+The simulation has to have a single time-line to be deterministic, meaning it
+must be single threaded and use a single ``io_service`` as the message queue.
+These requirements may affect how the program to be tested is written. It may
+for instance require that an external io_service can be provided rather than one
+being wrapped in an internal thread.
+
+However, ``boost.asio`` programs may generally benefit from being transformed to
+this form, as the become *composable*, i.e. agnostic to which io_service they
+run on or how many threads are running it.
+
+features
+--------
+
+The currently (partially) supported classes are:
+
+* chrono::high_resolution_clock
+* asio::high_resolution_timer
+* asio::ip::tcp::acceptor
+* asio::ip::tcp::endpoint
+* asio::ip::address (v4 and v6 variants, these just defer to the actual
+  boost.asio types)
+* asio::ip::tcp::socket
+* asio::ip::udp::socket
+* asio::io_service
+* asio::ip::udp::resolver
+* asio::ip::tcp::resolver
+
+The ``high_resolution_clock`` in the ``chrono`` namespace implements the timer
+concept from the chrono library.
+
+usage
+-----
+
+The ``io_service`` object is significantly different from the one in boost.asio.
+This is because one simulation may only have a single message loop and a single
+ordering of events. This single message loop is provided by the ``simulation``
+class. Each simulation should have only one such object. An ``io_service``
+object represents a single node on the network. When creating an io_service, you
+have to pass in the simulation it belongs to as well as the IP address it should
+have. It is also possible to pass in multiple addresses to form a multi-homed
+node. For instance, one with both an IPv4 and IPv6 interface.
+
+When creating sockets, binding and connecting them, the io_service object
+determines what ``INADDR_ANY`` resolves to (the first IP assigned to that node).
+
+The only aspects of the io_service interface that's preserved are ``post()``,
+``dispatch()`` and constructing timers and sockets. In short, the ``run()`` and
+``poll()`` family of functions do not exist. Every io_service object is assumed
+to be run, and all of their events are handled by the simulation object.
+
+None of the synchronous APIs are supported, because that would require
+integration with OS threads and scheduler.
+
+example
+-------
+
+Here's a simple example illustrating the asio timer::
+
+       #include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+       #include <functional>
+       #include <boost/system.hpp>
+
+       void print_time(sim::asio::high_resolution_timer& timer
+               , boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               using namespace sim::chrono;
+               static int counter = 0;
+
+               printf("[%d] timer fired at: %d milliseconds. error: %s\n"
+                       , counter
+                       , int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+                                       .time_since_epoch()).count())
+                       , ec.message().c_str());
+
+               ++counter;
+               if (counter < 5)
+               {
+                       timer.expires_from_now(seconds(counter));
+                       timer.async_wait(std::bind(&print_time, std::ref(timer), _1));
+               }
+       }
+
+       int main()
+       {
+               using namespace sim::chrono;
+
+               default_config cfg;
+               simulation sim(cfg);
+               io_service ios(sim, ip::address_v4::from_string("1.2.3.4"));
+               sim::asio::high_resolution_timer timer(ios);
+
+               timer.expires_from_now(seconds(1));
+               timer.async_wait(std::bind(&print_time, std::ref(timer), _1));
+
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               sim.run(ec);
+
+               printf("sim::run() returned: %s at: %d\n"
+                       , ec.message().c_str()
+                       , int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+                                       .time_since_epoch()).count()));
+       }
+
+The output from this program is::
+
+       [0] timer fired at: 1000 milliseconds. error: Undefined error: 0
+       [1] timer fired at: 2000 milliseconds. error: Undefined error: 0
+       [2] timer fired at: 4000 milliseconds. error: Undefined error: 0
+       [3] timer fired at: 7000 milliseconds. error: Undefined error: 0
+       [4] timer fired at: 11000 milliseconds. error: Undefined error: 0
+       io_service::run() returned: Undefined error: 0 at: 11000
+
+And obviously it doesn't take 11 wall-clock seconds to run (it returns
+instantly).
+
+configuration
+-------------
+
+The simulated network can be configured with per-node pair bandwidth, round-trip
+latency and queue sizes. This is controlled via a callback interface that
+libsimulator will ask for these properties when nodes get connected.
+
+The resolution of hostnames is also configurable by providing a callback on the
+configuration object along with the latency of individual lookups.
+
+To configure the network for the simulation, pass in a reference to an object
+implementing the ``sim::configuration`` interface::
+
+       struct configuration
+       {
+               // build the network
+               virtual void build(simulation& sim) = 0;
+
+               // return the hops on the network packets from src to dst need to traverse
+               virtual route channel_route(asio::ip::address src
+                       , asio::ip::address dst) = 0;
+
+               // return the hops an incoming packet to ep need to traverse before
+               // reaching the socket (for instance a NAT)
+               virtual route incoming_route(asio::ip::address ip) = 0;
+
+               // return the hops an outgoing packet from ep need to traverse before
+               // reaching the network (for instance a DSL modem)
+               virtual route outgoing_route(asio::ip::address ip) = 0;
+
+               // return the path MTU between the two IP addresses
+               // For TCP sockets, this will be called once when the connection is
+               // established. For UDP sockets it's called for every burst of packets
+               // that are sent
+               virtual int path_mtu(asio::ip::address ip1, asio::ip::address ip2) = 0;
+
+               // called for every hostname lookup made by the client. ``reqyestor`` is
+               // the node performing the lookup, ``hostname`` is the name being looked
+               // up. Resolve the name into addresses and fill in ``result`` or set
+               // ``ec`` if the hostname is not found or some other error occurs. The
+               // return value is the latency of the lookup. The client's callback won't
+               // be called until after waiting this long.
+               virtual chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration hostname_lookup(
+                       asio::ip::address const& requestor
+                       , std::string hostname
+                       , std::vector<asio::ip::address>& result
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec) = 0;
+       };
+
+``build()`` is called right after the simulation is constructed. It gives the
+configuration object an opportunity to construct the core queues, since they
+need access to the simulator.
+
+``channel_route()`` is expected to return a *route* of network hops from the
+source IP to the destination IP. A route is a series of ``sink`` objects. The
+typical sink is a ``sim::queue``, which is a network node with a specific rate
+limit, propagation delay and queue size.
+
+*TODO: finish document configuration interface*
+
+history
+-------
+
+libsimulator grew out of libtorrent's unit tests, as a tool to make them reliable
+and deterministic (i.e. not depend on external systems like sockets and timers)
+and also easier to debug. The subset of the asio API initially supported by this
+library is the subset used by libtorrent. Patches are welcome to improve
+fidelity and support.
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/chrono.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/chrono.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c84c338
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef CHRONO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CHRONO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include "simulator/config.hpp"
+
+#if defined BOOST_ASIO_HAS_STD_CHRONO
+#include <chrono>
+#else
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/chrono/duration.hpp>
+#include <boost/chrono/time_point.hpp>
+#include <boost/ratio.hpp>
+
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace sim { namespace chrono
+{
+#if defined BOOST_ASIO_HAS_STD_CHRONO
+       using std::chrono::seconds;
+       using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+       using std::chrono::microseconds;
+       using std::chrono::nanoseconds;
+       using std::chrono::minutes;
+       using std::chrono::hours;
+       using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+       using std::chrono::time_point;
+       using std::chrono::duration;
+#else
+       using boost::chrono::seconds;
+       using boost::chrono::milliseconds;
+       using boost::chrono::microseconds;
+       using boost::chrono::nanoseconds;
+       using boost::chrono::minutes;
+       using boost::chrono::hours;
+       using boost::chrono::duration_cast;
+       using boost::chrono::time_point;
+       using boost::chrono::duration;
+#endif
+
+       // std.chrono / boost.chrono compatible high_resolution_clock using a simulated time
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL high_resolution_clock
+       {
+               using rep = std::int64_t;
+#if defined BOOST_ASIO_HAS_STD_CHRONO
+               using period = std::nano;
+               using time_point = std::chrono::time_point<high_resolution_clock, nanoseconds>;
+               using duration = std::chrono::duration<boost::int64_t, std::nano>;
+#else
+               using period = boost::nano;
+               using time_point = time_point<high_resolution_clock, nanoseconds>;
+               using duration = duration<boost::int64_t, boost::nano>;
+#endif
+               static const bool is_steady = true;
+               static time_point now();
+
+               // private interface
+               static void fast_forward(high_resolution_clock::duration d);
+       };
+
+       SIMULATOR_DECL void reset_clock();
+
+} // chrono
+} // sim
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/config.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/config.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..053a665
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+#ifdef SIMULATOR_BUILDING_SHARED
+#define SIMULATOR_DECL BOOST_SYMBOL_EXPORT
+#elif defined SIMULATOR_LINKING_SHARED
+#define SIMULATOR_DECL BOOST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#else
+#define SIMULATOR_DECL
+#endif
+
+#if defined __clang__ || defined __GNUC__
+#define LIBSIMULATOR_NO_RETURN __attribute((noreturn))
+#elif _MSC_VER
+#define LIBSIMULATOR_NO_RETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+#define LIBSIMULATOR_NO_RETURN
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+// warning C4251: X: class Y needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of struct
+#pragma warning( disable : 4251)
+// warning C4661: X: no suitable definition provided for explicit template instantiation request
+#pragma warning( disable : 4661)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/function.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/function.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5a67a2b
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SIMULATOR_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SIMULATOR_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <memory> // for allocator_traits
+
+#include "simulator/mallocator.hpp"
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace aux {
+
+       template <typename T, typename U>
+       T exchange_(T& var, U&& new_val)
+       {
+               T temp = std::move(var);
+               var = std::forward<U>(new_val);
+               return temp;
+       }
+
+       template <typename T, typename Fun>
+       T* allocate_handler(Fun h)
+       {
+               using alloc = typename boost::asio::associated_allocator<typename std::remove_reference<Fun>::type>::type;
+               using our_alloc = typename std::allocator_traits<alloc>::template rebind_alloc<T>;
+               our_alloc al(boost::asio::get_associated_allocator(h));
+               void* ptr = al.allocate(1);
+               if (ptr == nullptr) throw std::bad_alloc();
+               try {
+                       return new (ptr) T(std::move(h));
+               }
+               catch (...) {
+                       al.deallocate(reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr), 1);
+                       throw;
+               }
+       }
+
+       // this is a std::function-like class that supports move-only function
+       // objects
+       template <typename R, typename... A>
+       struct callable
+       {
+               using call_fun_t = R (*)(void*, A&&...);
+               using deallocate_fun_t = void (*)(void*);
+               call_fun_t call_fun;
+               deallocate_fun_t deallocate_fun;
+       };
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename R, typename... A>
+       R call_impl(void* mem, A&&... a);
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename R, typename... A>
+       void dealloc_impl(void* mem);
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename R, typename... A>
+       struct function_impl : callable<R, A...>
+       {
+               function_impl(Handler h)
+                       : handler(std::move(h))
+               {
+                       this->call_fun = call_impl<Handler, R, A&&...>;
+                       this->deallocate_fun = dealloc_impl<Handler, R, A&&...>;
+               }
+               Handler handler;
+       };
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename R, typename... A>
+       R call_impl(void* mem, A&&... a)
+       {
+               auto* obj = static_cast<function_impl<Handler, R, A...>*>(mem);
+               Handler handler = std::move(obj->handler);
+
+               obj->~function_impl();
+               using alloc = typename boost::asio::associated_allocator<Handler>::type;
+               using our_alloc = typename std::allocator_traits<alloc>::
+                       template rebind_alloc<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(*obj)>::type>;
+               our_alloc al(boost::asio::get_associated_allocator(handler));
+               al.deallocate(obj, 1);
+
+               return handler(std::forward<A>(a)...);
+       }
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename R, typename... A>
+       void dealloc_impl(void* mem)
+       {
+               auto* obj = static_cast<function_impl<Handler, R, A...>*>(mem);
+               Handler h = std::move(obj->handler);
+
+               obj->~function_impl();
+               using alloc = typename boost::asio::associated_allocator<Handler>::type;
+               using our_alloc = typename std::allocator_traits<alloc>::
+                       template rebind_alloc<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(*obj)>::type>;
+               our_alloc al(boost::asio::get_associated_allocator(h));
+               al.deallocate(obj, 1);
+       }
+
+       template <typename Fun>
+       struct function;
+
+       template <typename R, typename... A>
+       struct function<R(A...)>
+       {
+               using result_type = R;
+
+               using allocator_type = aux::mallocator<R(A...)>;
+               allocator_type get_allocator() const { return allocator_type{}; }
+
+               template <typename C>
+               function(C c)
+                       : m_callable(allocate_handler<function_impl<C, R, A...>>(std::move(c)))
+               {}
+               function(function&& other) noexcept
+                       : m_callable(exchange_(other.m_callable, nullptr))
+               {}
+               function& operator=(function&& other) noexcept
+               {
+                       if (&other == this) return *this;
+                       clear();
+                       m_callable = exchange_(other.m_callable, nullptr);
+                       return *this;
+               }
+
+               ~function() { clear(); }
+
+               // boost.asio requires handlers to be copy-constructible, but it will move
+               // them, if they're movable. So we trick asio into accepting this handler.
+               // If it attempts to copy, it will cause a link error
+               function(function const&) { assert(false && "functions should not be copied"); }
+               function& operator=(function const&) = delete;
+
+               function() = default;
+               explicit operator bool() const { return m_callable != nullptr; }
+               function& operator=(std::nullptr_t) { clear(); return *this; }
+               void clear()
+               {
+                       if (m_callable == nullptr) return;
+                       auto fun = m_callable->deallocate_fun;
+                       fun(m_callable);
+                       m_callable = nullptr;
+               }
+               template <typename... Args>
+               R operator()(Args&&... a)
+               {
+                       assert(m_callable);
+                       auto fun = m_callable->call_fun;
+                       return fun(exchange_(m_callable, nullptr), std::forward<A>(a)...);
+               }
+       private:
+               callable<R, A...>* m_callable = nullptr;
+       };
+
+       // index sequence, to unpack tuple
+       template<std::size_t...> struct seq {};
+       template<std::size_t N, std::size_t... S> struct gens : gens<N-1, N-1, S...> {};
+       template<std::size_t... S> struct gens<0, S...> { using type = seq<S...>; };
+
+       // a binder for move-only types, and movable arguments. It's not a general
+       // binder as it doesn't support partial application, it just binds all
+       // arguments and ignores any arguments passed to the call
+       template <typename Callable, typename R, typename... A>
+       struct move_binder
+       {
+               move_binder(Callable c, A&&... a)
+                       : m_args(std::move(a)...)
+                       , m_callable(std::move(c))
+               {}
+
+               move_binder(move_binder const&) = delete;
+               move_binder& operator=(move_binder const&) = delete;
+
+               move_binder(move_binder&&) = default;
+               move_binder& operator=(move_binder&&) = default;
+
+               // ignore any arguments passed in. This is used to ignore an error_code
+               // argument for instance
+               template <typename... Args>
+               R operator()(Args...)
+               {
+                       return call(typename gens<sizeof...(A)>::type());
+               }
+
+       private:
+
+               template<std::size_t... I>
+               R call(seq<I...>)
+               {
+                       return m_callable(std::move(std::get<I>(m_args))...);
+               }
+               std::tuple<A...> m_args;
+               Callable m_callable;
+       };
+
+       template <typename R, typename C, typename... A>
+       move_binder<C, R, A...> move_bind(C c, A&&... a)
+       {
+               return move_binder<C, R, A...>(std::move(c), std::forward<A>(a)...);
+       }
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/handler_allocator.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/handler_allocator.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a653483
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef HANDLER_ALLOCATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define HANDLER_ALLOCATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace sim
+{
+namespace aux
+{
+
+template <typename T>
+struct malloc_allocator
+{
+       using value_type = T;
+       using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+       friend bool operator==(malloc_allocator, malloc_allocator) { return true; }
+       friend bool operator!=(malloc_allocator, malloc_allocator) { return false; }
+
+       template <class U>
+       struct rebind { using other = malloc_allocator<U>; };
+
+       malloc_allocator() = default;
+       template <typename U>
+       malloc_allocator(malloc_allocator<U> const&) {}
+
+       T* allocate(std::size_t size) { return static_cast<T*>(std::malloc(size * sizeof(T))); }
+       void deallocate(T* pointer, std::size_t) { std::free(pointer); }
+       using is_always_equal = std::true_type;
+};
+
+// this is a handler wrapper that customizes the asio handler allocator to use
+// malloc instead of new. The purpose is to distinguish allocations that are
+// internal to the simulator and allocations part of the program under test.
+template <typename Handler>
+struct malloc_wrapper
+{
+       malloc_wrapper(Handler h) : m_handler(std::move(h)) {}
+
+       template <typename... Args>
+       void operator()(Args&&... a)
+       {
+               m_handler(std::forward<Args>(a)...);
+       }
+
+       using allocator_type = malloc_allocator<malloc_wrapper<Handler>>;
+
+       allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept
+       { return allocator_type{}; }
+
+private:
+       Handler m_handler;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+malloc_wrapper<T> make_malloc(T h)
+{
+       return malloc_wrapper<T>(std::move(h));
+}
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/http_proxy.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/http_proxy.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..bd1d6f7
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef HTTP_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define HTTP_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+// warning C4251: X: class Y needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of struct
+#pragma warning( disable : 4251)
+#endif
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       struct http_request;
+
+// This is a very simple http proxy that only supports a single
+// concurrent connection
+struct SIMULATOR_DECL http_proxy
+{
+       http_proxy(asio::io_context& ios, unsigned short listen_port);
+
+       void stop();
+
+private:
+
+       void on_accept(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+       void on_read_request(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       void forward_request(http_request const& req);
+       void open_forward_connection(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& target);
+       void on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+
+       void on_domain_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , const asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type ips);
+
+       void write_server_send_buffer();
+       void on_server_write(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       void on_server_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_server_forward(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       void error(int code, char const* message);
+       void close_connection();
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::resolver m_resolver;
+       asio::ip::tcp::acceptor m_listen_socket;
+
+       // this is the client connection, i.e. the client connecting to us, sending
+       // HTTP requests that we forward
+       asio::ip::tcp::socket m_client_connection;
+       // client endpoint
+       asio::ip::tcp::endpoint m_ep;
+
+       // this is the connection to the server the client's requests are forwarded
+       // to
+       asio::ip::tcp::socket m_server_connection;
+       // true while there is an outstanding write operation to the server
+       bool m_writing_to_server;
+
+       // receive buffer for requests from the client. i.e. client -> proxy (us) -> server
+       char m_client_in_buffer[65536];
+       // buffer size
+       int m_num_client_in_bytes;
+
+       char m_server_out_buffer[65536];
+       int m_num_server_out_bytes;
+
+       // receive buffer for incoming responses, i.e. server -> proxy (us) -> client
+       char m_in_buffer[65536];
+       // buffer size
+       int m_num_in_bytes;
+
+       // set to true when shutting down
+       bool m_close;
+};
+
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/http_server.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/http_server.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..acc054f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef HTTP_SERVER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define HTTP_SERVER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+// warning C4251: X: class Y needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of struct
+#pragma warning( disable : 4251)
+#endif
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       std::string SIMULATOR_DECL trim(std::string s);
+
+       std::string SIMULATOR_DECL lower_case(std::string s);
+
+       std::string SIMULATOR_DECL normalize(const std::string& s);
+
+       // returns the index to the last byte of the request, or -1 if the buffer
+       // does not contain a full http request
+       int SIMULATOR_DECL find_request_len(char const* buf, int len);
+
+       struct http_request
+       {
+               std::string method;
+               std::string req;
+               std::string path;
+               std::map<std::string, std::string> headers;
+       };
+
+       http_request parse_request(char const* start, int len);
+
+       // builds an HTTP response buffer
+       std::string SIMULATOR_DECL send_response(int code, char const* status_message
+               , int len = 0, char const** extra_header = NULL);
+
+// This is a very simple http server that only supports a single concurrent
+// connection
+struct SIMULATOR_DECL http_server
+{
+       enum flags_t
+       {
+               keep_alive = 1,
+               // behave like an HTTP/1.0 server: respond with an HTTP/1.0 status line
+               // and close the connection after each response. HTTP/1.0 has no
+               // persistent connections, and the Connection header is an HTTP/1.1
+               // mechanism, so no "Connection: close" is sent -- the client must detect
+               // the close from the protocol version (and the socket closing).
+               http_1_0 = 2
+       };
+
+       http_server(asio::io_context& ios, unsigned short listen_port
+               , int flags = http_server::keep_alive);
+
+       void stop();
+
+       using handler_t = std::function<std::string (std::string, std::string
+               , std::map<std::string, std::string>&)>;
+       using generator_t = std::function<std::string (std::int64_t, std::int64_t)>;
+
+       void register_handler(std::string const& path, handler_t h);
+       void register_content(std::string const& path
+               , std::int64_t const size, generator_t gen);
+       void register_redirect(std::string const& path, std::string const& target);
+       void register_stall_handler(std::string const& path);
+
+       // the number of TCP connections that have been accepted so far
+       int accepted_connections() const { return m_accepted_connections; }
+
+private:
+
+       void on_accept(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+       void read();
+       void on_read(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_write(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred
+               , bool close);
+       void close_connection();
+
+       asio::io_context& m_ios;
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::acceptor m_listen_socket;
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::socket m_connection;
+       asio::ip::tcp::endpoint m_ep;
+
+       std::unordered_map<std::string, handler_t> m_handlers;
+       std::set<std::string> m_stall_handlers;
+
+       // read buffer, we receive bytes into this buffer for the connection
+       std::string m_recv_buffer;
+
+       // the number of bytes of m_recv_buffer that we've actually read data into.
+       // The remaining is uninitialized, possibly being read into in an async call
+       int m_bytes_used;
+
+       std::string m_send_buffer;
+
+       // set to true when shutting down
+       bool m_close;
+
+       int m_flags;
+
+       // counts the number of accepted TCP connections
+       int m_accepted_connections = 0;
+};
+
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/mallocator.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/mallocator.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..97baf67
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SIMULATOR_MALLOCATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SIMULATOR_MALLOCATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace sim
+{
+namespace aux
+{
+       struct channel;
+       struct packet;
+       struct pcap;
+
+       template <typename T>
+       struct mallocator
+       {
+               template <typename U>
+               friend struct mallocator;
+
+               using value_type = T;
+               using pointer = T*;
+               using const_pointer = T const*;
+               using reference = T&;
+               using const_reference = T const&;
+               using size_type = std::size_t;
+               using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+
+               template <class U>
+               struct rebind {
+                       using other = mallocator<U>;
+               };
+
+               mallocator() = default;
+               template <typename U>
+               mallocator(mallocator<U> const&) {}
+
+               T* allocate(std::size_t size)
+               { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(std::malloc(size * sizeof(T))); }
+
+               void deallocate(T* ptr) { std::free(ptr); }
+               void deallocate(T* ptr, std::size_t) { std::free(ptr); }
+
+               void destroy(pointer p) { p->~T(); }
+               void construct(pointer p, T&& value) { new (p) T(std::move(value)); }
+
+               bool operator==(mallocator const&) const { return true; }
+               bool operator!=(mallocator const&) const { return false; }
+       };
+} // aux
+} // sim
+
+#endif // SIMULATOR_MALLOCATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/nat.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/nat.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2edebe4
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2018, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef NAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define NAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/sink.hpp"
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace sim {
+
+namespace aux {
+       struct packet;
+}
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL nat : sink
+       {
+               nat(asio::ip::address external_addr);
+               ~nat() = default;
+
+               void incoming_packet(aux::packet p) override;
+
+               // used for visualization
+               std::string label() const override;
+
+       private:
+
+               asio::ip::address m_external_addr;
+       };
+
+} // sim
+
+#endif
+
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/noexcept_movable.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/noexcept_movable.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..32472d3
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef NOEXCEPT_MOVABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define NOEXCEPT_MOVABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace aux {
+
+       template <typename T>
+       struct noexcept_movable : T
+       {
+               noexcept_movable() noexcept {}
+               noexcept_movable(noexcept_movable<T>&& rhs) noexcept
+                       : T(std::forward<T>(rhs))
+               {}
+               noexcept_movable(noexcept_movable<T> const& rhs)
+                       : T(static_cast<T const&>(rhs))
+               {}
+               noexcept_movable(T&& rhs) noexcept : T(std::forward<T>(rhs)) {} // NOLINT
+               noexcept_movable(T const& rhs) : T(rhs) {} // NOLINT
+               noexcept_movable& operator=(noexcept_movable&& rhs) noexcept
+               {
+                       this->T::operator=(std::forward<T>(rhs));
+                       return *this;
+               }
+               noexcept_movable& operator=(noexcept_movable const& rhs)
+               {
+                       this->T::operator=(rhs);
+                       return *this;
+               }
+
+               using T::T;
+               using T::operator=;
+       };
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/packet.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/packet.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..f009bb2
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef PACKET_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define PACKET_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/config.hpp"
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp" // for route, endpoint
+
+namespace sim { namespace aux {
+
+       struct channel;
+
+       struct packet
+       {
+               packet() = default;
+
+               // this is move-only
+               packet(packet const&) = delete;
+               packet& operator=(packet const&) = delete;
+               packet(packet&&) = default;
+               packet& operator=(packet&&) = default;
+
+               // to keep things simple, don't drop ACKs or errors
+               bool ok_to_drop() const
+               {
+                       return type != type_t::syn_ack
+                               && type != type_t::ack
+                               && type != type_t::error;
+               }
+
+               enum class type_t
+               {
+                       uninitialized, // invalid type (used for debugging)
+                       syn, // TCP connect
+                       syn_ack, // TCP connection accepted
+                       ack, // the seq_nr is interpreted as "we received this"
+                       error, // the error_code (ec) is set
+                       payload // the buffer is filled
+               };
+
+               type_t type = type_t::uninitialized;
+
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+
+               // actual payload
+               std::vector<boost::uint8_t> buffer;
+
+               // used for UDP packets
+               asio::ip::udp::endpoint from;
+
+               // the number of bytes of overhead for this packet. The total packet
+               // size is the number of bytes in the buffer + this number
+               int overhead = 20;
+
+               // each hop in the route will pop itself off and forward the packet to
+               // the next hop
+               route hops;
+
+               // for SYN packets, this is set to the channel we're trying to
+               // establish
+               std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> channel;
+
+               // sequence number of this packet (used for debugging)
+               std::uint64_t seq_nr = 0;
+
+               // the number of (payload) bytes sent over this channel so far. This is
+               // meant to map to the TCP sequence number
+               std::uint32_t byte_counter = 0;
+
+               // this function must be called with this packet in case the packet is
+               // dropped.
+               aux::function<void(aux::packet)> drop_fun;
+       };
+
+}} // sim
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/pcap.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/pcap.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2719f2e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef PCAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define PCAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp" // for endpoint
+
+namespace sim { namespace aux
+{
+       struct packet;
+
+       struct pcap
+       {
+               pcap(char const* filename);
+               void log_tcp(packet const& p, asio::ip::tcp::endpoint src
+                       , asio::ip::tcp::endpoint dst);
+               void log_udp(packet const& p, asio::ip::udp::endpoint src
+                       , asio::ip::udp::endpoint dst);
+       private:
+               std::fstream m_file;
+       };
+}}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/pop_warnings.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/pop_warnings.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..8ffbe4f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/push_warnings.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/push_warnings.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..1811434
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wall"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wundef"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-noreturn"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
+#if __GNUC__ >= 6
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshift-overflow"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshift-count-overflow"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshift-count-negative"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wall"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Weverything"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcovered-switch-default"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wundef"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wweak-vtables"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-noreturn"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-align"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wweak-vtable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wundef"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-extensions"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra-semi"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreserved-id-macro"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-local-typedef"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-folding-constant"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push, 1)
+// warning C4005: macro redefinition
+#pragma warning( disable : 4005 )
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/queue.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/queue.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2a5f988
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef QUEUE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define QUEUE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+#include "simulator/mallocator.hpp"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+// warning C4251: X: class Y needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of struct
+#pragma warning( disable : 4251)
+#endif
+
+namespace sim {
+
+       struct timed_packet
+       {
+               timed_packet(chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point t, aux::packet p)
+                       : ts(t), pkt(std::move(p))
+               {}
+               timed_packet(timed_packet&&) = default;
+               timed_packet& operator=(timed_packet&&) = default;
+               timed_packet(timed_packet const&) = delete;
+               timed_packet& operator=(timed_packet const&) = delete;
+               chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point ts;
+               aux::packet pkt;
+       };
+
+       // this is a queue. It can be configured to contrain
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL queue : sink
+       {
+               queue(asio::io_context& ios, int bandwidth
+                       , chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration propagation_delay
+                       , int max_queue_size, std::string name = "queue");
+
+               virtual void incoming_packet(aux::packet p) override final;
+
+               virtual std::string label() const override final;
+
+               queue(queue const&) = delete;
+               queue& operator=(queue const&) = delete;
+
+               queue(queue&&) = default;
+               queue& operator=(queue&&) = delete;
+
+       private:
+
+               void begin_send_next_packet();
+               void next_packet_sent();
+
+               // the queue can't hold more than this number of bytes. Once it's full,
+               // any new packets arriving will be dropped (tail drop)
+               int m_max_queue_size;
+
+               // the amount of time it takes to forward a packet. Every packet is
+               // delayed by at least this much before being forwarded
+               chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration m_forwarding_latency;
+
+               // the number of bytes per second that can be sent. This includes the
+               // packet overhead
+               int m_bandwidth;
+
+               // the number of bytes currently in the packet queue
+               int m_queue_size;
+
+               std::string m_node_name;
+
+               // this is the queue of packets and the time each packet was enqueued
+               std::deque<timed_packet, aux::mallocator<timed_packet>> m_queue;
+               asio::high_resolution_timer m_forward_timer;
+
+               chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point m_last_forward;
+       };
+
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/simulator.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/simulator.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..8801ea6
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1486 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SIMULATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SIMULATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/basic_deadline_timer.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/ip/udp.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/write.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/read.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/ip/network_v4.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/buffers_iterator.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/asio/post.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/defer.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/dispatch.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/error.hpp>
+
+// only for boost::beast::role_type, used by the teardown()/async_teardown()
+// overloads below (customization points boost::beast::websocket::stream
+// needs for any non-boost::asio socket type it's instantiated over); this
+// is the single lightweight header that defines it, not a dependency on
+// beast's websocket/http machinery.
+#include <boost/beast/core/role.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/optional.hpp>
+
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+#include "simulator/chrono.hpp"
+#include "simulator/sink_forwarder.hpp"
+#include "simulator/function.hpp"
+#include "simulator/noexcept_movable.hpp"
+#include "simulator/mallocator.hpp"
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <map>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <list>
+#include <functional>
+#include <utility>
+
+#ifndef IP_DONTFRAGMENT
+#define IP_DONTFRAGMENT 1
+#endif
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       namespace aux
+       {
+               struct channel;
+               struct packet;
+               struct pcap;
+
+               // this is outgoing NIC bandwidth
+               constexpr int nic_bandwidth = 100000000; // 100 MB/s
+       }
+
+       // this represents a network route (a series of sinks to pass a packet
+       // through)
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL route
+       {
+               friend route operator+(route lhs, route rhs)
+               { return std::move(lhs.append(std::move(rhs))); }
+
+               std::shared_ptr<sink> next_hop() const { return hops.front(); }
+               std::shared_ptr<sink> pop_front()
+               {
+                       if (hops.empty()) return std::shared_ptr<sink>();
+                       std::shared_ptr<sink> ret(std::move(hops.front()));
+                       hops.erase(hops.begin());
+                       return ret;
+               }
+               void replace_last(std::shared_ptr<sink> s) { hops.back() = std::move(s); }
+               void prepend(route const& r)
+               { hops.insert(hops.begin(), r.hops.begin(), r.hops.end()); }
+               void prepend(std::shared_ptr<sink> s) { hops.insert(hops.begin(), std::move(s)); }
+               route& append(route const& r)
+               { hops.insert(hops.end(), r.hops.begin(), r.hops.end()); return *this; }
+               route& append(std::shared_ptr<sink> s) { hops.push_back(std::move(s)); return *this; }
+               bool empty() const { return hops.empty(); }
+               std::shared_ptr<sink> last() const
+               { return hops.back(); }
+
+       private:
+               std::deque<std::shared_ptr<sink>, aux::mallocator<std::shared_ptr<sink>>> hops;
+       };
+
+       void forward_packet(aux::packet p);
+
+       struct simulation;
+       struct configuration;
+       struct queue;
+
+       namespace asio
+       {
+
+       using boost::asio::buffer_size;
+       using boost::asio::const_buffer;
+       using boost::asio::mutable_buffer;
+       using boost::asio::buffer;
+
+       // brought in here (rather than relying on ADL at each call site below)
+       // so buffer sequence types whose associated namespaces don't include
+       // boost::asio (e.g. boost::beast's internal buffer sequence types) are
+       // still found; the "using" also participates in ADL's overload set at
+       // the point of an unqualified call, so this doesn't shadow lookups for
+       // types that do live in boost::asio.
+       using boost::asio::buffer_sequence_begin;
+       using boost::asio::buffer_sequence_end;
+
+       using boost::asio::post;
+       using boost::asio::dispatch;
+       using boost::asio::defer;
+
+       struct io_context;
+
+       struct io_executor
+       {
+               io_executor(io_context& ctx) : m_ctx(&ctx) {}
+               io_context& context() const { return *m_ctx; }
+
+               template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+               void dispatch(Handler handler, Allocator const& a) const;
+
+               template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+               void post(Handler handler, Allocator const& a) const;
+
+               template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+               void defer(Handler handler, Allocator const& a) const;
+
+               void on_work_finished() const {}
+               void on_work_started() const {}
+
+               bool running_in_this_thread() const { return true; }
+
+               friend bool operator==(io_executor const& lhs, io_executor const& rhs)
+               { return lhs.m_ctx == rhs.m_ctx; }
+
+               friend bool operator!=(io_executor const& lhs, io_executor const& rhs)
+               { return lhs.m_ctx != rhs.m_ctx; }
+
+       private:
+               io_context* m_ctx;
+       };
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL high_resolution_timer
+       {
+               friend struct sim::simulation;
+
+               using time_type = chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point;
+               using duration_type = chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration;
+
+               using executor_type = io_executor;
+               executor_type get_executor();
+
+               explicit high_resolution_timer(io_context& io_context);
+               high_resolution_timer(io_context& io_context,
+                       const time_type& expiry_time);
+               high_resolution_timer(io_context& io_context,
+                       const duration_type& expiry_time);
+               high_resolution_timer(high_resolution_timer&&) noexcept = default;
+               high_resolution_timer& operator=(high_resolution_timer&&) noexcept = default;
+               ~high_resolution_timer();
+
+               std::size_t cancel();
+               std::size_t cancel_one();
+
+               time_type expiry() const;
+               std::size_t expires_at(const time_type& expiry_time);
+               std::size_t expires_after(const duration_type& expiry_time);
+
+               void wait();
+               void wait(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+               void async_wait(aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler);
+
+       private:
+
+               void fire(boost::system::error_code ec);
+
+               time_type m_expiration_time;
+               aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> m_handler;
+               io_context* m_io_service;
+               bool m_expired;
+       };
+
+       using waitable_timer = high_resolution_timer;
+
+       namespace error = boost::asio::error;
+
+       template <typename Protocol>
+       struct socket_base
+       {
+               socket_base(io_context& ios) : m_io_service(ios) {}
+               socket_base(socket_base&& s) = default;
+
+               enum wait_type_t
+               {
+                       wait_read, wait_write, wait_error
+               };
+
+               // alias matching the name used by boost.asio's basic_socket::wait_type,
+               // for code that's written against both APIs
+               using wait_type = wait_type_t;
+
+               // io_control
+               using reuse_address = boost::asio::socket_base::reuse_address;
+               using executor_type = io_executor;
+               executor_type get_executor();
+
+               // socket options
+               using send_buffer_size = boost::asio::socket_base::send_buffer_size;
+               using receive_buffer_size = boost::asio::socket_base::receive_buffer_size;
+
+               template <class Option>
+               void set_option(Option const& opt, boost::system::error_code&)
+               {
+                       Protocol const p = Protocol::v4();
+                       (void)p;
+#ifdef IP_DONTFRAG
+                       if (opt.name(p) == IP_DONTFRAG)
+                               m_dont_fragment = *reinterpret_cast<int const*>(opt.data(p)) != 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef IP_DONTFRAGMENT
+                       if (opt.name(p) == IP_DONTFRAGMENT)
+                               m_dont_fragment = *reinterpret_cast<int const*>(opt.data(p)) != 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef IP_MTU_DISCOVER
+                       if (opt.name(p) == IP_MTU_DISCOVER)
+                               m_dont_fragment = *reinterpret_cast<int const*>(opt.data(p)) == IP_PMTUDISC_DO;
+#endif
+               }
+
+               void set_option(receive_buffer_size const& op, boost::system::error_code&)
+               {
+                       m_max_receive_queue_size = op.value();
+               }
+
+               void set_option(send_buffer_size const& op, boost::system::error_code&)
+               {
+                       // this limit is specified in microseconds. Given the line rate of
+                       // nic_bandwidth, this is the time it takes to send the specified number
+                       // of bytes.
+                       m_send_queue_time = chrono::microseconds(std::int64_t(double(op.value()) * 1000000.0 / double(aux::nic_bandwidth)));
+               }
+
+               void set_option(reuse_address const&, boost::system::error_code&)
+               {
+                       // TODO: implement
+               }
+
+               typename Protocol::endpoint local_endpoint(boost::system::error_code& ec) const
+               {
+                       if (!m_open)
+                       {
+                               ec = error::bad_descriptor;
+                               return typename Protocol::endpoint{};
+                       }
+
+                       return m_user_bound_to;
+               }
+
+               typename Protocol::endpoint local_endpoint() const
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code ec;
+                       auto const ret = local_endpoint(ec);
+                       if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+                       return ret;
+               }
+
+               typename Protocol::endpoint local_bound_to(boost::system::error_code& ec) const
+               {
+                       if (!m_open)
+                       {
+                               ec = error::bad_descriptor;
+                               return typename Protocol::endpoint{};
+                       }
+
+                       return m_bound_to;
+               }
+
+               typename Protocol::endpoint local_bound_to() const
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code ec;
+                       auto const ret = local_bound_to(ec);
+                       if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+                       return ret;
+               }
+
+               template <class Option>
+               void get_option(Option&, boost::system::error_code&) { }
+
+               void get_option(receive_buffer_size& op, boost::system::error_code&)
+               {
+                       op = m_max_receive_queue_size;
+               }
+
+               template <class IoControl>
+               void io_control(IoControl const&, boost::system::error_code&) { }
+
+               template <class IoControl>
+               void io_control(IoControl const&) {}
+
+               void non_blocking(bool b, boost::system::error_code&)
+               { m_non_blocking = b; }
+
+               void non_blocking(bool b)
+               { m_non_blocking = b; }
+
+               bool is_open() const
+               {
+                       return m_open;
+               }
+
+               using message_flags = int;
+
+               // internal interface
+
+               route get_incoming_route();
+               route get_outgoing_route();
+
+       protected:
+
+               io_context& m_io_service;
+
+               typename Protocol::endpoint m_bound_to;
+
+               // this is the interface the user requested to bind to (in order to
+               // distinguish the concrete interface it was bound to and INADDR_ANY if
+               // that was requested). We keep this separately to return it as the local
+               // endpoint
+               typename Protocol::endpoint m_user_bound_to;
+
+               // this is an object implementing the sink interface, forwarding
+               // packets to this socket. If this socket is destructed, this forwarder
+               // is redirected to just drop packets. This is necessary since sinks
+               // must be held by shared_ptr, and socket objects aren't.
+               std::shared_ptr<aux::sink_forwarder> m_forwarder;
+
+               // whether the socket is open or not
+               bool m_open = false;
+
+               // true if the socket is set to non-blocking mode
+               bool m_non_blocking = false;
+
+               // when true, the MTU limit is in effect
+               bool m_dont_fragment = false;
+
+               // the max size of the incoming queue. This is to emulate the send and
+               // receive buffer. This should also depend on the bandwidth, to not
+               // make the queue size not grow too long in time.
+               int m_max_receive_queue_size = 64 * 1024;
+
+               // the number of microseconds worth of send buffer this socket has, at
+               // NIC linerate.
+               chrono::microseconds m_send_queue_time{200000};
+       };
+
+       namespace ip {
+
+       using boost::asio::ip::address;
+       using boost::asio::ip::address_v4;
+       using boost::asio::ip::address_v6;
+
+       using boost::asio::ip::make_address_v4;
+       using boost::asio::ip::make_address_v6;
+       using boost::asio::ip::make_address;
+
+       using boost::asio::ip::make_network_v4;
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       struct basic_endpoint : boost::asio::ip::basic_endpoint<Protocol>
+       {
+               basic_endpoint(ip::address const& addr, unsigned short port)
+                       : boost::asio::ip::basic_endpoint<Protocol>(addr, port) {}
+               basic_endpoint() : boost::asio::ip::basic_endpoint<Protocol>() {}
+       };
+
+       template <typename Protocol>
+       struct basic_resolver_entry
+       {
+               using endpoint_type = typename Protocol::endpoint;
+               using protocol_type = Protocol;
+
+               basic_resolver_entry() {}
+               basic_resolver_entry(
+                       endpoint_type const& ep
+                       , std::string const& host
+                       , std::string const& service)
+                       : m_endpoint(ep)
+                       , m_host_name(host)
+                       , m_service(service)
+               {}
+
+               endpoint_type endpoint() const { return m_endpoint; }
+               std::string host_name() const { return m_host_name; }
+               operator endpoint_type() const { return m_endpoint; }
+               std::string service_name() const { return m_service; }
+
+       private:
+               endpoint_type m_endpoint;
+               std::string m_host_name;
+               std::string m_service;
+       };
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL basic_resolver
+       {
+               basic_resolver(io_context& ios);
+
+               using protocol_type = Protocol;
+               using results_type = std::vector<basic_resolver_entry<Protocol>, aux::mallocator<basic_resolver_entry<Protocol>>>;
+
+               void cancel();
+
+               void async_resolve(std::string hostname, char const* service
+                       , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&,
+                               results_type)> handler);
+
+               basic_resolver(basic_resolver&&) noexcept;
+               basic_resolver& operator=(basic_resolver&&) noexcept;
+               basic_resolver(basic_resolver const&) = delete;
+               basic_resolver& operator=(basic_resolver const&) = delete;
+
+               //TODO: add remaining members
+
+       private:
+
+               void on_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+
+               struct result_t
+               {
+                       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point completion_time;
+                       boost::system::error_code err;
+                       results_type ips;
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&,
+                               results_type)> handler;
+
+                       result_t(
+                               chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point ct
+                               , boost::system::error_code e
+                               , results_type ips_
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , results_type)> h)
+                               : completion_time(ct)
+                               , err(e)
+                               , ips(std::move(ips_))
+                               , handler(std::move(h))
+                       {}
+
+                       result_t(result_t&&) noexcept = default;
+                       result_t& operator=(result_t&&) = default;
+                       result_t(result_t const&) = delete;
+                       result_t& operator=(result_t const&) = delete;
+               };
+
+               io_context* m_ios;
+               asio::high_resolution_timer m_timer;
+               using queue_t = aux::noexcept_movable<std::vector<result_t>>;
+
+               queue_t m_queue;
+       };
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL udp
+       {
+               static udp v4() { return udp(AF_INET); }
+               static udp v6() { return udp(AF_INET6); }
+
+               using endpoint = basic_endpoint<udp>;
+
+               struct SIMULATOR_DECL socket : socket_base<udp>, sink
+               {
+                       using endpoint_type = ip::udp::endpoint;
+                       using protocol_type = ip::udp;
+                       using lowest_layer_type = socket;
+
+                       socket(io_context& ios);
+                       ~socket() override;
+
+                       socket(socket const&) = delete;
+                       socket& operator=(socket const&) = delete;
+                       socket(socket&&);
+
+                       lowest_layer_type& lowest_layer() { return *this; }
+
+                       void bind(ip::udp::endpoint const& ep
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void bind(ip::udp::endpoint const& ep);
+
+                       void close();
+                       void close(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+                       void cancel(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void cancel();
+
+                       void open(udp protocol, boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void open(udp protocol);
+
+                       template<typename ConstBufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t send_to(ConstBufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint const& destination
+                               , socket_base::message_flags flags
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::const_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs)
+                                       , buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_send_handlers();
+                               return send_to_impl(b, destination, flags, ec);
+                       }
+
+                       template<typename ConstBufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t send_to(ConstBufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint const& destination)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::const_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_send_handlers();
+                               boost::system::error_code ec;
+                               std::size_t ret = send_to_impl(b, destination, 0, ec);
+                               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+                               return ret;
+                       }
+
+                       void async_wait(socket_base::wait_type_t w
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler);
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       void async_receive(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+
+                               async_receive_from_impl(b, nullptr, 0, std::move(handler));
+                       }
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       void async_receive_from(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint& sender
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+
+                               async_receive_from_impl(b, &sender, 0, std::move(handler));
+                       }
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       void async_receive_from(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint& sender
+                               , socket_base::message_flags flags
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+
+                               async_receive_from_impl(b, &sender, flags, std::move(handler));
+                       }
+/*
+                       void async_read_from(null_buffers const&
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+                       {
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+                               async_read_some_null_buffers_impl(std::move(handler));
+                       }
+*/
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t receive_from(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint& sender)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               assert(!b.empty());
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+                               boost::system::error_code ec;
+                               std::size_t ret = receive_from_impl(b, &sender, 0, ec);
+                               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+                               return ret;
+                       }
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t receive_from(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint& sender
+                               , socket_base::message_flags)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               assert(!b.empty());
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+                               boost::system::error_code ec;
+                               std::size_t ret = receive_from_impl(b, &sender, 0, ec);
+                               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+                               return ret;
+                       }
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t receive_from(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint& sender
+                               , socket_base::message_flags
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               assert(!b.empty());
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+                               return receive_from_impl(b, &sender, 0, ec);
+                       }
+
+                       // TODO: support connect and remote_endpoint
+
+                       // internal interface
+
+                       // implements sink
+                       virtual void incoming_packet(aux::packet p) override final;
+                       virtual std::string label() const override final
+                       { return m_bound_to.address().to_string(); }
+
+                       void async_receive_from_impl(std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint* sender
+                               , socket_base::message_flags flags
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler);
+
+                       std::size_t receive_from_impl(
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+                               , udp::endpoint* sender
+                               , socket_base::message_flags flags
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+                       void async_wait_receive_impl(
+                               udp::endpoint* sender
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler);
+
+               private:
+
+                       void maybe_wakeup_reader();
+                       void abort_send_handlers();
+                       void abort_recv_handlers();
+
+                       std::size_t send_to_impl(std::vector<asio::const_buffer> const& b
+                               , udp::endpoint const& dst, message_flags flags
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+                       // this is the next time we'll have an opportunity to send another
+                       // outgoing packet. This is used to implement the bandwidth constraints
+                       // of channels. This may be in the past, in which case it's OK to send
+                       // a packet immediately.
+                       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point m_next_send;
+
+                       // while we're blocked in an async_write_some operation, this is the
+                       // handler that should be called once we're done sending
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)>
+                               m_send_handler;
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)>
+                               m_wait_send_handler;
+
+                       // if we have an outstanding read on this socket, this is set to the
+                       // handler.
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)>
+                               m_recv_handler;
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)>
+                               m_wait_recv_handler;
+
+                       // if we have an outstanding read operation, this is the buffer to
+                       // receive into
+                       std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> m_recv_buffer;
+
+                       // if we have an outstanding receive operation, this may point to an
+                       // endpoint to fill in the senders IP in
+                       udp::endpoint* m_recv_sender;
+
+                       asio::high_resolution_timer m_recv_timer;
+                       asio::high_resolution_timer m_send_timer;
+
+                       // this is the incoming queue of packets for each socket
+                       std::list<aux::packet, aux::mallocator<aux::packet>> m_incoming_queue;
+
+                       bool m_recv_null_buffers;
+
+                       // the number of bytes in the incoming packet queue
+                       int m_queue_size;
+
+                       // our address family
+                       bool m_is_v4;
+               };
+
+               using resolver = basic_resolver<udp>;
+
+               int family() const { return m_family; }
+
+               friend bool operator==(udp const& lhs, udp const& rhs)
+               { return lhs.m_family == rhs.m_family; }
+
+               friend bool operator!=(udp const& lhs, udp const& rhs)
+               { return lhs.m_family != rhs.m_family; }
+
+       private:
+               // Construct with a specific family.
+               explicit udp(int protocol_family)
+                       : m_family(protocol_family)
+               {}
+
+               int m_family;
+
+       }; // udp
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL tcp
+       {
+               // temporary fix until the resolvers are implemented using our endpoint
+               tcp(boost::asio::ip::tcp p) : m_family(p.family()) {}
+
+               static tcp v4() { return tcp(AF_INET); }
+               static tcp v6() { return tcp(AF_INET6); }
+
+               int family() const { return m_family; }
+
+               using endpoint = basic_endpoint<tcp>;
+
+               struct SIMULATOR_DECL socket : socket_base<tcp>, sink
+               {
+                       using endpoint_type = ip::tcp::endpoint;
+                       using protocol_type = ip::tcp;
+                       using lowest_layer_type = socket;
+
+                       explicit socket(io_context& ios);
+                       socket(socket const&) = delete;
+                       socket& operator=(socket const&) = delete;
+                       socket(socket&&);
+                       socket& operator=(socket&&);
+
+                       ~socket() override;
+
+                       void close();
+                       void close(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void open(tcp protocol, boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void open(tcp protocol);
+                       void bind(ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void bind(ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep);
+                       tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint(boost::system::error_code& ec) const;
+                       tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint() const;
+
+                       lowest_layer_type& lowest_layer() { return *this; }
+
+                       void async_connect(tcp::endpoint const& target
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> h);
+
+                       template <class ConstBufferSequence>
+                       void async_write_some(ConstBufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::const_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_send_handlers();
+                               async_write_some_impl(b, std::move(handler));
+                       }
+
+                       void async_wait(socket_base::wait_type_t const w
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler)
+                       {
+                               if (w == socket_base::wait_type_t::wait_write)
+                               {
+                                       abort_send_handlers();
+                                       async_wait_write_impl(std::move(handler));
+                               }
+                               else if (w == socket_base::wait_type_t::wait_read)
+                               {
+                                       abort_recv_handlers();
+                                       async_wait_read_impl(std::move(handler));
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t read_some(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+                       {
+                               assert(m_non_blocking && "blocking operations not supported");
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               return read_some_impl(b, ec);
+                       }
+
+                       template <class ConstBufferSequence>
+                       std::size_t write_some(ConstBufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+                       {
+                               assert(m_non_blocking && "blocking operations not supported");
+                               std::vector<asio::const_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               return write_some_impl(b, ec);
+                       }
+
+                       template <class BufferSequence>
+                       void async_read_some(BufferSequence const& bufs
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+                       {
+                               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> b(buffer_sequence_begin(bufs), buffer_sequence_end(bufs));
+                               abort_recv_handlers();
+
+                               async_read_some_impl(b, std::move(handler));
+                       }
+
+                       std::size_t available(boost::system::error_code & ec) const;
+                       std::size_t available() const;
+
+                       void cancel(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void cancel();
+
+                       using socket_base::set_option;
+                       using socket_base::get_option;
+                       using socket_base::io_control;
+
+                       // private interface
+
+                       // implements sink
+                       virtual void incoming_packet(aux::packet p) override;
+                       virtual std::string label() const override final
+                       { return m_bound_to.address().to_string(); }
+
+                       void internal_connect(tcp::endpoint const& bind_ip
+                               , std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> const& c
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+                       void abort_send_handlers();
+                       void abort_recv_handlers();
+
+                       virtual bool internal_is_listening();
+               protected:
+
+                       void maybe_wakeup_reader();
+                       void maybe_wakeup_writer();
+
+                       void async_write_some_impl(std::vector<asio::const_buffer> const& bufs
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)> handler);
+                       void async_read_some_impl(std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)> handler);
+                       void async_wait_read_impl(
+                               aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler);
+                       void async_wait_write_impl(
+                               aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler);
+                       std::size_t write_some_impl(std::vector<asio::const_buffer> const& bufs
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       std::size_t read_some_impl(std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+                               , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+                       void send_packet(aux::packet p);
+
+                       // called when a packet is dropped
+                       void packet_dropped(aux::packet p);
+
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> m_connect_handler;
+
+                       asio::high_resolution_timer m_connect_timer;
+
+                       // the tcp "packet size" (segment size)
+                       // TODO: name this constant!
+                       int m_mss = 1475;
+
+                       // while we're blocked in an async_write_some operation, this is the
+                       // handler that should be called once we're done sending
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)> m_send_handler;
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> m_wait_send_handler;
+
+                       std::vector<asio::const_buffer> m_send_buffer;
+
+                       // this is the incoming queue of packets for each socket
+                       std::list<aux::packet, aux::mallocator<aux::packet>> m_incoming_queue;
+
+                       // the number of bytes in the incoming packet queue
+                       int m_queue_size = 0;
+
+                       // if we have an outstanding read on this socket, this is set to the
+                       // handler.
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)> m_recv_handler;
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> m_wait_recv_handler;
+
+                       // if we have an outstanding buffer to receive into, these are them
+                       std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> m_recv_buffer;
+
+                       asio::high_resolution_timer m_recv_timer;
+
+                       // our address family
+                       bool m_is_v4 = true;
+
+                       // true if the currently outstanding read operation is for null_buffers
+                       bool m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+
+                       // true if the currenly outstanding write operation is for null_buffers
+                       bool m_send_null_buffers = false;
+
+                       // if this socket is connected to another endpoint, this object is
+                       // shared between both sockets and contain information and state about
+                       // the channel.
+                       std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> m_channel;
+
+                       std::uint64_t m_next_outgoing_seq = 0;
+                       std::uint64_t m_next_incoming_seq = 0;
+
+                       // the sequence number of the last dropped packet. We should only cut
+                       // the cwnd in half once per round-trip. If a whole window is lost, we
+                       // need to only halve it once
+                       std::uint64_t m_last_drop_seq = 0;
+
+                       // the current congestion window size (in bytes)
+                       int m_cwnd = m_mss * 2;
+
+                       // the number of bytes that have been sent but not ACKed yet
+                       int m_bytes_in_flight = 0;
+
+                       // reorder buffer for when packets are dropped
+                       std::map<std::uint64_t, aux::packet, std::less<std::uint64_t>, aux::mallocator<std::pair<std::uint64_t const, aux::packet>>> m_reorder_buffer;
+
+                       // the sizes of packets given their sequence number
+                       std::unordered_map<std::uint64_t, int, std::hash<std::uint64_t>, std::equal_to<std::uint64_t>, aux::mallocator<std::pair<std::uint64_t const, int>>> m_outstanding_packet_sizes;
+
+                       // packets to re-send (because they were dropped)
+                       std::list<aux::packet, aux::mallocator<aux::packet>> m_outgoing_packets;
+               };
+
+               struct SIMULATOR_DECL acceptor : socket
+               {
+                       explicit acceptor(io_context& ios);
+                       acceptor(acceptor&&);
+                       ~acceptor() override;
+
+                       void cancel(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void cancel();
+
+                       void listen(int qs = -1);
+                       void listen(int qs, boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+                       void async_accept(ip::tcp::socket& peer
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> h);
+                       void async_accept(ip::tcp::socket& peer
+                               , ip::tcp::endpoint& peer_endpoint
+                               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> h);
+                       void async_accept(aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, ip::tcp::socket peer)> h);
+
+                       void close(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+                       void close();
+
+                       // private interface
+
+                       // implements sink
+                       virtual void incoming_packet(aux::packet p) override final;
+                       virtual bool internal_is_listening() override final;
+
+               private:
+                       // check the incoming connection queue to see if any connection in
+                       // there is ready to be accepted and delivered to the user
+                       void check_accept_queue();
+                       void do_check_accept_queue(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> m_accept_handler;
+                       aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, ip::tcp::socket)> m_accept_handler2;
+
+                       // the number of half-open incoming connections this listen socket can
+                       // hold. If this is -1, this socket is not yet listening and incoming
+                       // connection attempts should be rejected.
+                       int m_queue_size_limit;
+
+                       // these are incoming connection attempts. Both half-open and
+                       // completely connected. When accepting a connection, this queue is
+                       // checked first before waiting for a connection attempt.
+                       using incoming_conns_t = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<aux::channel>, aux::mallocator<std::shared_ptr<aux::channel>>>;
+                       incoming_conns_t m_incoming_conns;
+
+                       // for new-style accept, allocate socket in here just to fail early
+                       boost::optional<ip::tcp::socket> m_new_socket;
+
+                       // the socket to accept a connection into
+                       tcp::socket* m_accept_into;
+
+                       // the endpoint to write the remote endpoint into when accepting
+                       tcp::endpoint* m_remote_endpoint;
+
+                       // non copyable
+                       acceptor(acceptor const&);
+                       acceptor& operator=(acceptor const&);
+               };
+
+               using resolver = basic_resolver<tcp>;
+
+               friend bool operator==(tcp const& lhs, tcp const& rhs)
+               { return lhs.m_family == rhs.m_family; }
+
+               friend bool operator!=(tcp const& lhs, tcp const& rhs)
+               { return lhs.m_family != rhs.m_family; }
+
+       private:
+               // Construct with a specific family.
+               explicit tcp(int protocol_family)
+                       : m_family(protocol_family)
+               {}
+
+               int m_family;
+       };
+
+       extern template struct basic_resolver<udp>;
+       extern template struct basic_resolver<tcp>;
+
+       // boost::beast looks up a close function for a socket-like type via
+       // unqualified lookup + ADL under the name "beast_close_socket" (see
+       // boost/beast/core/stream_traits.hpp); this satisfies that customization
+       // point for tcp::socket - it's just a free function beast's ADL-based
+       // lookup will find because it lives in tcp::socket's own namespace, so
+       // beast::websocket::stream<tcp::socket> doesn't need this header to
+       // declare it inside boost::beast itself.
+       inline void beast_close_socket(tcp::socket& s)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               s.close(ec);
+       }
+
+       // same idea for the teardown()/async_teardown() customization points
+       // boost::beast::websocket::stream<Socket> looks up (via ADL, from
+       // boost::beast::websocket) for any Socket type it's instantiated over
+       // that isn't a boost::asio socket -- see
+       // boost/beast/websocket/teardown.hpp. tcp::socket has no half-close/
+       // non-blocking read-drain support to mirror the real graceful-shutdown
+       // sequence those implement for a real socket, so this just closes it;
+       // that's sufficient for driving deterministic test scenarios, which is
+       // the only thing this socket type is ever used for.
+       inline void teardown(boost::beast::role_type, tcp::socket& s, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               s.close(ec);
+       }
+
+       template <class Handler>
+       void async_teardown(boost::beast::role_type, tcp::socket& s, Handler&& handler)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               s.close(ec);
+               boost::asio::post(s.get_executor(), std::bind(std::forward<Handler>(handler), ec));
+       }
+
+       } // ip
+
+       // mirrors (a subset of) boost::asio::async_connect(socket, begin, end,
+       // handler): tries each endpoint in the range in turn, closing and
+       // advancing to the next on failure, until one connects or the range is
+       // exhausted. Calls handler(error_code, Iterator) with the iterator that
+       // succeeded, or the end iterator carrying the last endpoint's error if
+       // all of them failed. Lives directly in sim::asio, alongside the
+       // boost::asio free function it mirrors, rather than in sim::asio::ip, so
+       // that unqualified calls resolve to whichever of the two applies via
+       // ADL (ip::tcp::socket's base, socket_base<tcp>, is declared in this
+       // namespace, which is what makes that lookup work).
+       template <typename Iterator, typename Handler>
+       void async_connect(ip::tcp::socket& s, Iterator begin, Iterator end, Handler handler)
+       {
+               struct op : std::enable_shared_from_this<op>
+               {
+                       op(ip::tcp::socket& sock, Iterator b, Iterator e, Handler h)
+                               : socket(sock), iter(b), end(e), handler(std::move(h))
+                       {}
+
+                       void attempt()
+                       {
+                               socket.async_connect(*iter, [self = this->shared_from_this()]
+                                       (boost::system::error_code const& ec) { self->on_connect(ec); });
+                       }
+
+                       void on_connect(boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+                       {
+                               if (ec && std::next(iter) != end)
+                               {
+                                       boost::system::error_code ignore;
+                                       socket.close(ignore);
+                                       ++iter;
+                                       attempt();
+                                       return;
+                               }
+
+                               handler(ec, iter);
+                       }
+
+                       ip::tcp::socket& socket;
+                       Iterator iter;
+                       Iterator end;
+                       Handler handler;
+               };
+
+               if (begin == end)
+               {
+                       handler(boost::asio::error::make_error_code(boost::asio::error::not_found), end);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               std::make_shared<op>(s, begin, end, std::move(handler))->attempt();
+       }
+
+       } // asio
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL simulation
+       {
+               // it calls fire() when a timer fires
+               friend struct high_resolution_timer;
+
+               simulation(configuration& config);
+               ~simulation();
+
+               std::size_t run();
+
+               std::size_t poll(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               std::size_t poll();
+
+               std::size_t poll_one(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               std::size_t poll_one();
+
+               void stop();
+               bool stopped() const;
+               void restart();
+               // private interface
+
+               void add_timer(asio::high_resolution_timer* t);
+               void remove_timer(asio::high_resolution_timer* t);
+
+               boost::asio::io_context& get_internal_service()
+               { return m_service; }
+
+               asio::io_context& get_io_context()
+               { return *m_internal_ios; }
+
+               asio::ip::tcp::endpoint bind_socket(asio::ip::tcp::socket* socket
+                       , asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ep
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               void unbind_socket(asio::ip::tcp::socket* socket
+                       , asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep);
+               void rebind_socket(asio::ip::tcp::socket* prev, asio::ip::tcp::socket* s, asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ep);
+
+               asio::ip::udp::endpoint bind_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket* socket
+                       , asio::ip::udp::endpoint ep
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               void unbind_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket* socket
+                       , asio::ip::udp::endpoint const& ep);
+               void rebind_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket* socket, asio::ip::udp::endpoint ep);
+
+               std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> internal_connect(asio::ip::tcp::socket* s
+                       , asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& target, boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+               route find_udp_socket(
+                       asio::ip::udp::socket const& socket
+                       , asio::ip::udp::endpoint const& ep);
+
+               configuration& config() const { return m_config; }
+
+               void add_io_service(asio::io_context* ios);
+               void remove_io_service(asio::io_context* ios);
+               std::vector<asio::io_context*> get_all_io_services() const;
+
+               aux::pcap* get_pcap() const { return m_pcap.get(); }
+               void log_pcap(char const* filename);
+
+       private:
+               struct timer_compare
+               {
+                       bool operator()(asio::high_resolution_timer const* lhs
+                               , asio::high_resolution_timer const* rhs) const
+                       { return lhs->expiry() < rhs->expiry(); }
+               };
+
+               configuration& m_config;
+
+               std::unique_ptr<aux::pcap> m_pcap;
+
+               // all non-expired timers
+               std::mutex m_timer_queue_mutex;
+               using timer_queue_t = std::vector<asio::high_resolution_timer*, aux::mallocator<asio::high_resolution_timer*>>;
+               timer_queue_t m_timer_queue;
+
+               // these are the io services that represent nodes on the network
+               std::unordered_set<asio::io_context*, std::hash<asio::io_context*>, std::equal_to<asio::io_context*>, aux::mallocator<asio::io_context*>> m_nodes;
+
+               using listen_sockets_t = std::map<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint, asio::ip::tcp::socket*>;
+               using listen_socket_iter_t = listen_sockets_t::iterator;
+               listen_sockets_t m_listen_sockets;
+
+               using udp_sockets_t = std::map<asio::ip::udp::endpoint, asio::ip::udp::socket*>;
+               using udp_socket_iter_t = udp_sockets_t::iterator;
+               udp_sockets_t m_udp_sockets;
+
+               // used for internal timers. this is a pimpl sine our io_context is
+               // incomplete at this point
+               std::unique_ptr<asio::io_context> m_internal_ios;
+
+               // the next port to use for an outgoing connection, where the port is not
+               // specified. We want this to be as unique as possible, to distinguish the
+               // TCP streams.
+               std::uint16_t m_next_bind_port = 2000;
+
+               bool m_stopped = false;
+
+               // underlying message queue
+               boost::asio::io_context m_service;
+       };
+
+       namespace asio {
+
+       using boost::asio::async_write;
+       using boost::asio::async_read;
+
+       // boost.asio compatible io_context class that simulates the network
+       // and time.
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL io_context : boost::asio::execution_context
+       {
+               io_context(sim::simulation& sim);
+               io_context(sim::simulation& sim, ip::address const& ip);
+               io_context(sim::simulation& sim, std::vector<ip::address> const& ips);
+               io_context(std::size_t threads_hint = 0);
+               ~io_context();
+
+               // not copyable and non movable (it's not movable because we currently
+               // keep pointers to the io_context instances in the simulator object)
+               io_context(io_context const&) = delete;
+               io_context(io_context&&) = delete;
+               io_context& operator=(io_context const&) = delete;
+               io_context& operator=(io_context&&) = delete;
+
+               std::size_t run(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               std::size_t run();
+
+               std::size_t poll(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               std::size_t poll();
+
+               std::size_t poll_one(boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               std::size_t poll_one();
+
+               template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+               std::size_t run_for(std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> const&)
+               {
+                       assert(false);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+               std::size_t poll_one_for(std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> const&)
+               {
+                       assert(false);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               void stop();
+               bool stopped() const;
+               void restart();
+
+               template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+               void dispatch_impl(Handler handler, Allocator const& a)
+               { get_internal_service().get_executor().dispatch(std::move(handler), a); }
+
+               template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+               void post_impl(Handler handler, Allocator const& a)
+               { get_internal_service().get_executor().post(std::move(handler), a); }
+
+               template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+               void defer_impl(Handler handler, Allocator const& a)
+               { get_internal_service().get_executor().defer(std::move(handler), a); }
+
+               // internal interface
+               boost::asio::io_context& get_internal_service();
+
+               void add_timer(high_resolution_timer* t);
+               void remove_timer(high_resolution_timer* t);
+
+               ip::tcp::endpoint bind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* socket, ip::tcp::endpoint ep
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               void unbind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* socket
+                       , ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep);
+               void rebind_socket(asio::ip::tcp::socket* prev, asio::ip::tcp::socket* s, asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ep);
+
+               ip::udp::endpoint bind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket, ip::udp::endpoint ep
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec);
+               void unbind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket
+                       , ip::udp::endpoint const& ep);
+               void rebind_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket* socket, asio::ip::udp::endpoint ep);
+
+               std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> internal_connect(ip::tcp::socket* s
+                       , ip::tcp::endpoint const& target, boost::system::error_code& ec);
+
+               route find_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket const& socket
+                       , ip::udp::endpoint const& ep);
+
+               route const& get_outgoing_route(ip::address ip) const
+               { return m_outgoing_route.find(ip)->second; }
+
+               route const& get_incoming_route(ip::address ip) const
+               { return m_incoming_route.find(ip)->second; }
+
+               int get_path_mtu(const asio::ip::address& source, const asio::ip::address& dest) const;
+               std::vector<ip::address> const& get_ips() const { return m_ips; }
+
+               sim::simulation& sim() { return m_sim; }
+
+               using executor_type = io_executor;
+               executor_type get_executor() { return executor_type(*this); }
+
+       private:
+
+               sim::simulation& m_sim;
+               std::vector<ip::address> m_ips;
+
+               // these are determined by the configuration. They may include NATs and
+               // DSL modems (queues)
+               std::map<ip::address, route> m_outgoing_route;
+               std::map<ip::address, route> m_incoming_route;
+
+               bool m_stopped = false;
+       };
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+       void io_executor::dispatch(Handler handler, Allocator const& a) const
+       { m_ctx->dispatch_impl(std::move(handler), a); }
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+       void io_executor::post(Handler handler, Allocator const& a) const
+       { m_ctx->post_impl(std::move(handler), a); }
+
+       template <typename Handler, typename Allocator>
+       void io_executor::defer(Handler handler, Allocator const& a) const
+       { m_ctx->defer_impl(std::move(handler), a); }
+
+       template <typename Protocol>
+       io_executor
+       socket_base<Protocol>::get_executor()
+       { return io_executor(m_io_service); }
+
+       template <typename Protocol>
+       route socket_base<Protocol>::get_incoming_route()
+       {
+               route ret = m_io_service.get_incoming_route(m_bound_to.address());
+               assert(m_forwarder);
+               ret.append(std::static_pointer_cast<sim::sink>(m_forwarder));
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       template <typename Protocol>
+       route socket_base<Protocol>::get_outgoing_route()
+       {
+               return route(m_io_service.get_outgoing_route(m_bound_to.address()));
+       }
+
+       } // asio
+
+       // user supplied configuration of the network to simulate
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL configuration
+       {
+               virtual ~configuration() {}
+
+               // build the network
+               virtual void build(simulation& sim) = 0;
+
+               // return the hops on the network packets from src to dst need to traverse
+               virtual route channel_route(asio::ip::address src
+                       , asio::ip::address dst) = 0;
+
+               // return the hops an incoming packet to ep need to traverse before
+               // reaching the socket (for instance a NAT)
+               virtual route incoming_route(asio::ip::address ip) = 0;
+
+               // return the hops an outgoing packet from ep need to traverse before
+               // reaching the network (for instance a DSL modem)
+               virtual route outgoing_route(asio::ip::address ip) = 0;
+
+               // return the path MTU between the two IP addresses
+               // For TCP sockets, this will be called once when the connection is
+               // established. For UDP sockets it's called for every burst of packets
+               // that are sent
+               virtual int path_mtu(asio::ip::address ip1, asio::ip::address ip2) = 0;
+
+               // called for every hostname lookup made by the client. ``reqyestor`` is
+               // the node performing the lookup, ``hostname`` is the name being looked
+               // up. Resolve the name into addresses and fill in ``result`` or set
+               // ``ec`` if the hostname is not found or some other error occurs. The
+               // return value is the latency of the lookup. The client's callback won't
+               // be called until after waiting this long.
+               virtual chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration hostname_lookup(
+                       asio::ip::address const& requestor
+                       , std::string hostname
+                       , std::vector<asio::ip::address>& result
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec) = 0;
+
+               virtual void clear() = 0;
+       };
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL default_config : configuration
+       {
+               default_config() : m_sim(nullptr) {}
+
+               void build(simulation& sim) override;
+               route channel_route(asio::ip::address src, asio::ip::address dst) override;
+               route incoming_route(asio::ip::address ip) override;
+               route outgoing_route(asio::ip::address ip) override;
+               int path_mtu(asio::ip::address ip1, asio::ip::address ip2) override;
+               chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration hostname_lookup(
+                       asio::ip::address const& requestor
+                       , std::string hostname
+                       , std::vector<asio::ip::address>& result
+                       , boost::system::error_code& ec) override;
+
+               void clear() override;
+       protected:
+               std::shared_ptr<queue> m_network;
+               std::map<asio::ip::address, std::shared_ptr<queue>> m_incoming;
+               std::map<asio::ip::address, std::shared_ptr<queue>> m_outgoing;
+               simulation* m_sim;
+       };
+
+       namespace aux
+       {
+               /* the channel can be in the following states:
+                       1. handshake-1 - the initiating socket has sent SYN
+                       2. handshake-2 - the accepting connection has sent SYN+ACK
+                       3. handshake-3 - the initiating connection has received the SYN+ACK and
+                                        considers the connection open, but the 3rd handshake
+                                        message is still in flight.
+                       4. connected   - the accepting side has received the 3rd handshake
+                                        packet and considers it open
+
+                       Whenever a connection attempt is made to a listening socket, as long as
+                       there is still space in the incoming socket queue, the accepting side
+                       will always respond immediately and complete the handshake, then wait
+                       until the user calls async_accept (which in this case would complete
+                       immediately).
+               */
+               struct SIMULATOR_DECL channel
+               {
+                       channel() {}
+                       // index 0 is the incoming route to the socket that initiated the connection.
+                       // index 1 may be empty while the connection is half-open
+                       route hops[2];
+
+                       // the actual endpoint of each end of the channel
+                       asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ep[2];
+
+                       // observable endpoint of each side of the channel. This is not how you
+                       // see yourself, just the other end
+                       asio::ip::tcp::endpoint visible_ep[2];
+
+                       // the number of bytes sent from respective direction
+                       // this is used to simulate the TCP sequence number, so it deliberately
+                       // is meant to wrap at 32 bits
+                       std::uint32_t bytes_sent[2];
+
+                       int remote_idx(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& self) const;
+                       int self_idx(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& self) const;
+               };
+
+       } // aux
+
+       void SIMULATOR_DECL dump_network_graph(simulation const& s, const std::string& filename);
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif // SIMULATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/sink.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/sink.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..35f19b3
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SINK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SINK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/config.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace sim {
+
+namespace aux {
+       struct packet;
+}
+
+       // this is an interface for somthing that can accept incoming packets,
+       // such as queues, sockets, NATs and TCP congestion windows
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL sink
+       {
+               virtual void incoming_packet(aux::packet p) = 0;
+
+               // used for visualization
+               virtual std::string label() const = 0;
+
+               virtual std::string attributes() const { return "shape=box"; }
+               virtual ~sink() = default;
+       };
+
+} // sim
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/sink_forwarder.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/sink_forwarder.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..318f0a8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SINK_FORWARDER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SINK_FORWARDER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/config.hpp"
+#include "simulator/sink.hpp"
+
+namespace sim { namespace aux {
+
+       struct packet;
+
+       struct SIMULATOR_DECL sink_forwarder final : sink
+       {
+               sink_forwarder(sink* dst);
+               void incoming_packet(packet p) override;
+               std::string label() const override;
+               void reset(sink* s = nullptr);
+
+       private:
+               sink* m_dst;
+       };
+
+}} // sim
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/socks_server.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/socks_server.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..fb37397
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SOCKS_SERVER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SOCKS_SERVER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if __GNUC__ >= 9
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/bimap.hpp>
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+// warning C4251: X: class Y needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of struct
+#pragma warning( disable : 4251)
+#endif
+
+namespace sim
+{
+
+enum socks_flag
+{
+       // when this flag is set, the proxy will close the client connection
+       // immediately after sending the response to a UDP ASSOCIATE command
+       disconnect_udp_associate = 1,
+
+       // when this flag is set, the reponse to UDP ASSOCIATE will contain an empty
+       // hostname, rather than the relay IP address
+       udp_associate_respond_empty_hostname = 2
+};
+
+struct SIMULATOR_DECL socks_connection : std::enable_shared_from_this<socks_connection>
+{
+       socks_connection(asio::io_context& ios, int version, std::array<int, 3>& cmd_counts
+               , std::uint32_t flags, int& bind_port);
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::socket& socket() { return m_client_connection; }
+
+       void start();
+
+private:
+
+       void on_handshake1(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_handshake2(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_handshake3(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_request1(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_request2(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       void on_write(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred
+               , bool close);
+       void close_connection();
+
+       int format_response(asio::ip::address const& addr, int port, int response);
+       int format_hostname_response(char const* hostname, int port, int response);
+
+       void on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+       void on_request_domain_name(boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_request_domain_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , const asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type ips);
+
+       void open_forward_connection(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& target);
+       void bind_connection(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& target);
+       void start_accept(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+
+       void udp_associate(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& target);
+       void on_read_udp(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void wait_for_eof(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       void on_server_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_server_forward(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       void on_client_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred);
+       void on_client_forward(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , size_t bytes_transferred);
+
+       char const* command() const;
+
+       int& m_bind_port;
+
+       asio::io_context& m_ios;
+
+       asio::ip::udp::resolver m_udp_resolver;
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::resolver m_resolver;
+
+       boost::bimap<asio::ip::address, std::string> m_name_mapping;
+
+       // this is the SOCKS client connection, i.e. the client connecting to us and
+       // being forwarded
+       asio::ip::tcp::socket m_client_connection;
+
+       // this is the connection to the server the socks client is being forwarded
+       // to
+       asio::ip::tcp::socket m_server_connection;
+       asio::ip::tcp::acceptor m_bind_socket;
+
+       asio::ip::udp::socket m_udp_associate;
+       asio::ip::udp::endpoint m_udp_associate_ep;
+       asio::ip::udp::endpoint m_udp_from;
+
+       std::array<char, 1500> m_udp_buffer;
+
+       // receive buffer for data going out, i.e. client -> proxy (us) -> server
+       char m_out_buffer[65536];
+       // buffer size
+       int m_num_out_bytes;
+
+       // receive buffer for data coming in, i.e. server -> proxy (us) -> client
+       char m_in_buffer[65536];
+       // buffer size
+       int m_num_in_bytes;
+
+       // set to true when shutting down
+       bool m_close = false;
+
+       // the SOCKS protocol version (4 or 5)
+       const int m_version;
+
+       int m_command;
+
+       std::array<int, 3>& m_cmd_counts;
+
+       std::uint32_t const m_flags;
+};
+
+// This is a very simple socks4 and 5 server that only supports a single
+// concurrent connection
+struct SIMULATOR_DECL socks_server
+{
+       socks_server(asio::io_context& ios, unsigned short listen_port
+               , int version = 5, std::uint32_t flags = 0);
+
+       void stop();
+
+       void bind_start_port(int const port) { m_bind_port = port; }
+
+       // return the number of CONNECT, BIND and UDP_ASSOCIATE commands the proxy
+       // has received
+       std::array<int, 3> cmd_counts() const
+       { return m_cmd_counts; }
+
+private:
+
+       void on_accept(boost::system::error_code const& ec);
+
+       asio::io_context& m_ios;
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::acceptor m_listen_socket;
+
+       std::shared_ptr<socks_connection> m_conn;
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::endpoint m_ep;
+
+       int m_bind_port = 2048;
+
+       // set to true when shutting down
+       bool m_close = false;
+
+       // the SOCKS protocol version (4 or 5)
+       const int m_version;
+
+       std::array<int, 3> m_cmd_counts;
+
+       std::uint32_t const m_flags;
+};
+
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/ssl.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/ssl.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9e47936
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2026, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef SIMULATOR_SSL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define SIMULATOR_SSL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace asio {
+
+namespace ssl
+{
+       using boost::asio::ssl::context;
+       using boost::asio::ssl::stream_base;
+       using boost::asio::ssl::verify_context;
+
+       template <typename Stream>
+       using stream = boost::asio::ssl::stream<Stream>;
+} // ssl
+
+} // asio
+} // sim
+
+#endif
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/utils.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/include/simulator/utils.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a45bb03
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2016, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef UTILS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define UTILS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+
+namespace sim
+{
+
+// shortcut for creating a timer with a timeout and action
+struct timer
+{
+       timer(simulation& sim, chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration timeout
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)>&& f)
+               : m_ios(sim, asio::ip::address_v4())
+               , m_timer(m_ios)
+       {
+               m_timer.expires_after(timeout);
+               m_timer.async_wait(std::move(f));
+       }
+
+private:
+       sim::asio::io_context m_ios;
+       sim::asio::high_resolution_timer m_timer;
+};
+
+} // sim
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/acceptor.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/acceptor.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c937628
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <boost/beast/core/bind_handler.hpp>
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+using boost::beast::bind_handler;
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace asio {
+namespace ip {
+
+       tcp::acceptor::acceptor(io_context& ios)
+               : socket(ios)
+               , m_queue_size_limit(-1)
+       {}
+
+       tcp::acceptor::acceptor(acceptor&&) = default;
+
+       tcp::acceptor::~acceptor()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               close(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::listen(int qs)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               listen(qs, ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::listen(int qs, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               if (qs == -1) qs = 20;
+
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = error::bad_descriptor;
+                       return;
+               }
+               if (m_bound_to == ip::tcp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       ec = error::invalid_argument;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_queue_size_limit = qs;
+               ec.clear();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::close(boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               m_queue_size_limit = -1;
+               cancel(ec);
+               socket::close(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::close()
+       {
+               if (m_accept_handler)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+               }
+               if (m_accept_handler2)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                               h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                       , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                               });
+               }
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::cancel(boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               ec.clear();
+               if (m_accept_handler)
+               {
+                       try
+                       {
+                               post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                                       , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+                       }
+                       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+                       {
+                               ec = error::no_memory;
+                       }
+                       catch (std::exception const&)
+                       {
+                               ec = error::no_memory;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (m_accept_handler2)
+               {
+                       try
+                       {
+                               post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                                       h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                               , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                               });
+                       }
+                       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+                       {
+                               ec = error::no_memory;
+                       }
+                       catch (std::exception const&)
+                       {
+                               ec = error::no_memory;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::cancel()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               cancel(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::async_accept(ip::tcp::socket& peer
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> h)
+       {
+               // TODO: assert that the io_context we use is the same as the one peer use
+               if (peer.is_open())
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code ec;
+                       peer.close(ec);
+               }
+
+               if (m_accept_handler)
+               {
+                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                       m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+                       post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+               }
+               if (m_accept_handler2)
+               {
+                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                       m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+                       post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                               h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                       , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                       });
+               }
+               m_accept_handler = std::move(h);
+               m_accept_into = &peer;
+               m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+
+               check_accept_queue();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::async_accept(ip::tcp::socket& peer
+               , ip::tcp::endpoint& peer_endpoint
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> h)
+       {
+               if (peer.is_open())
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code ec;
+                       peer.close(ec);
+               }
+
+               if (m_accept_handler)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+               }
+               if (m_accept_handler2)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                               h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                       , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                       });
+               }
+               m_accept_handler = std::move(h);
+               m_accept_into = &peer;
+               m_remote_endpoint = &peer_endpoint;
+
+               check_accept_queue();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::async_accept(aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, ip::tcp::socket peer)> h)
+       {
+               m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+               if (m_accept_handler)
+               {
+                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                       post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+               }
+               if (m_accept_handler2)
+               {
+                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                       post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                               h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                       , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                       });
+               }
+               m_new_socket.emplace(m_io_service);
+               m_accept_handler2 = std::move(h);
+               m_accept_into = &*m_new_socket;
+
+               check_accept_queue();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::do_check_accept_queue(boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec) return;
+               check_accept_queue();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::incoming_packet(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               switch (p.type)
+               {
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::syn:
+                               m_incoming_conns.push_back(p.channel);
+                               check_accept_queue();
+                               return;
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::error:
+                               assert(false); // something is not wired up correctly
+                               if (m_accept_handler)
+                               {
+                                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                                       m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+                                       post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+                               }
+                               if (m_accept_handler2)
+                               {
+                                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                                       m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+                                       post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                                               h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                                       , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                                       });
+                               }
+                               return;
+                       default:
+                               // if this happens, it implies that an incoming connection sent
+                               // payload before receiving a syn_ack. Alternatively that the
+                               // acceptor sent the syn_ack but still left the last-hop in the
+                               // incoming route to point to this socket, instead of the
+                               // accepted-into socket
+                               assert(false);
+                               return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       void tcp::acceptor::check_accept_queue()
+       {
+               if (!is_open())
+               {
+                       // if the acceptor socket is closed. Any potential socket in the queue
+                       // should be closed too.
+                       for (auto const& incoming : m_incoming_conns)
+                       {
+                               aux::packet p;
+                               p.from = asio::ip::udp::endpoint(
+                                       m_bound_to.address(), m_bound_to.port());
+                               p.type = aux::packet::type_t::error;
+                               p.ec = boost::system::error_code(error::connection_reset);
+                               p.overhead = 28;
+                               p.hops = incoming->hops[0];
+
+                               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+                       }
+                       m_incoming_conns.clear();
+
+                       if (m_accept_handler)
+                       {
+                               m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                               m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+                               post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr)
+                                       , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)));
+                       }
+                       if (m_accept_handler2)
+                       {
+                               m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                               m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+                               post(m_io_service, [&, h = std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)] () mutable {
+                                       h(boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted)
+                                               , ip::tcp::socket(m_io_service));
+                               });
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // if the user is not waiting for an incoming connection, there's no point
+               // in checking the queue
+               if (!m_accept_handler && !m_accept_handler2) return;
+
+               if (m_incoming_conns.empty()) return;
+
+               std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> c = std::move(m_incoming_conns.front());
+               m_incoming_conns.erase(m_incoming_conns.begin());
+
+               // this was initiated at least one 3-way handshake ago.
+               // we can pick it up and consider it connected
+               if (m_remote_endpoint) *m_remote_endpoint = c->ep[0];
+               m_remote_endpoint = nullptr;
+
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               // if the acceptor socket is closed. Any potential socket in the queue
+               m_accept_into->internal_connect(m_bound_to, c, ec);
+
+               // notify the other end
+               aux::packet p;
+               p.from = asio::ip::udp::endpoint(m_bound_to.address(), m_bound_to.port());
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       c->hops[1] = route();
+                       p.type = aux::packet::type_t::error;
+                       p.ec = ec;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+               // TODO: extend pcap logging to include SYN+ACK packets
+                       p.type = aux::packet::type_t::syn_ack;
+               }
+               p.channel = c;
+               p.overhead = 28;
+               p.hops = p.channel->hops[0];
+
+               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+
+               try
+               {
+                       if (m_accept_handler)
+                       {
+                               post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler, nullptr), ec));
+                       }
+                       else if (m_accept_handler2)
+                       {
+                               post(m_io_service, bind_handler(std::exchange(m_accept_handler2, nullptr)
+                                       , ec, std::move(*m_accept_into)));
+                       }
+               }
+               catch (...)
+               {
+                       m_new_socket.reset();
+                       m_accept_into = nullptr;
+                       throw;
+               }
+               m_new_socket.reset();
+               m_accept_into = nullptr;
+       }
+
+       bool tcp::acceptor::internal_is_listening()
+       {
+               return m_queue_size_limit > 0;
+       }
+}
+}
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/default_config.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/default_config.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..934983f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/queue.hpp"
+#include <memory>
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+using sim::asio::ip::address_v4;
+using sim::asio::ip::address_v6;
+using sim::asio::ip::address;
+using sim::chrono::milliseconds;
+using sim::chrono::duration_cast;
+
+namespace sim {
+
+       void default_config::build(simulation& sim)
+       {
+               // 0 bandwidth and 0 queue means infinite. The network itself only adds
+               // 50 ms latency
+               m_network = std::make_shared<queue>(std::ref(sim.get_io_context())
+                       , 0, duration_cast<duration>(milliseconds(30)), 0, "network");
+               m_sim = &sim;
+       }
+
+       void default_config::clear()
+       {
+               m_network.reset();
+               m_outgoing.clear();
+               m_incoming.clear();
+       }
+
+       route default_config::channel_route(
+               asio::ip::address /* src */
+               , asio::ip::address /* dst */)
+       {
+               return route().append(m_network);
+       }
+
+       route default_config::incoming_route(asio::ip::address ip)
+       {
+               // incoming download rate is 800kB/s with a 200 kB queue
+               // and 1 ms forwarding delay
+               auto it = m_incoming.find(ip);
+               if (it != m_incoming.end()) return route().append(it->second);
+               it = m_incoming.insert(it, std::make_pair(ip, std::make_shared<queue>(
+                       std::ref(m_sim->get_io_context()), 800 * 1000
+                       , duration_cast<duration>(milliseconds(1)), 200 * 1000, "DSL modem in")));
+               return route().append(it->second);
+       }
+
+       int default_config::path_mtu(
+               asio::ip::address /* ip1 */
+               , asio::ip::address /* ip2 */)
+       {
+               return 1475;
+       }
+
+       // return the hops an outgoing packet from ep need to traverse before
+       // reaching the network (for instance a DSL modem)
+       route default_config::outgoing_route(asio::ip::address ip)
+       {
+               // outgoing upload rate is 200kB/s with a 200 kB queue
+               // and 1 ms forwarding delay
+               auto it = m_outgoing.find(ip);
+               if (it != m_outgoing.end()) return route().append(it->second);
+               it = m_outgoing.insert(it, std::make_pair(ip, std::make_shared<queue>(
+                       std::ref(m_sim->get_io_context()), 200 * 1000
+                       , duration_cast<duration>(milliseconds(1)), 200 * 1000, "DSL modem out")));
+               return route().append(it->second);
+       }
+
+       duration default_config::hostname_lookup(
+               asio::ip::address const& /* requestor */
+               , std::string hostname
+               , std::vector<asio::ip::address>& result
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               if (hostname == "localhost")
+               {
+                       result = { asio::ip::make_address_v6("::1")
+                               , asio::ip::make_address_v4("127.0.0.1") };
+                       return duration_cast<duration>(chrono::microseconds(1));
+               }
+
+               ec = boost::system::error_code(asio::error::host_not_found);
+               return duration_cast<duration>(chrono::milliseconds(100));
+       }
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/high_resolution_clock.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/high_resolution_clock.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c942efc
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+namespace sim { namespace chrono {
+       namespace {
+
+               // this is the global simulation timer
+               high_resolution_clock::time_point g_simulation_time;
+       }
+
+       high_resolution_clock::time_point high_resolution_clock::now()
+       {
+               return g_simulation_time;
+       }
+
+       void high_resolution_clock::fast_forward(high_resolution_clock::duration d)
+       {
+               g_simulation_time += d;
+       }
+
+       void reset_clock()
+       {
+               g_simulation_time = high_resolution_clock::time_point{};
+       }
+
+} // chrono
+} // sim
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/high_resolution_timer.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/high_resolution_timer.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6542248
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/handler_allocator.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+
+namespace sim
+{
+
+       namespace asio {
+
+       high_resolution_timer::high_resolution_timer(io_context& ioc)
+               : m_expiration_time(time_type())
+               , m_io_service(&ioc)
+               , m_expired(true)
+       {
+       }
+
+       high_resolution_timer::high_resolution_timer(io_context& ioc,
+               const time_type& expiry_time)
+               : m_expiration_time(time_type())
+               , m_io_service(&ioc)
+               , m_expired(true)
+       {
+               expires_at(expiry_time);
+       }
+
+       high_resolution_timer::high_resolution_timer(io_context& ioc,
+               const duration_type& expiry_time)
+               : m_expiration_time(time_type())
+               , m_io_service(&ioc)
+               , m_expired(true)
+       {
+               expires_after(expiry_time);
+       }
+
+       high_resolution_timer::~high_resolution_timer()
+       {
+               cancel();
+       }
+
+       std::size_t high_resolution_timer::cancel()
+       {
+               if (m_expired) return 0;
+               m_expired = true;
+               m_io_service->remove_timer(this);
+               if (!m_handler) return 0;
+               fire(boost::asio::error::operation_aborted);
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t high_resolution_timer::cancel_one()
+       {
+               // TODO: support multiple handlers
+               return cancel();
+       }
+
+       high_resolution_timer::time_type high_resolution_timer::expiry() const
+       { return m_expiration_time; }
+
+       std::size_t high_resolution_timer::expires_at(high_resolution_timer::time_type const& expiry_time)
+       {
+               std::size_t ret = cancel();
+               m_expiration_time = expiry_time;
+               m_expired = false;
+               m_io_service->add_timer(this);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t high_resolution_timer::expires_after(const duration_type& expiry_time)
+       {
+               std::size_t ret = cancel();
+               m_expiration_time = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() + expiry_time;
+               m_expired = false;
+               m_io_service->add_timer(this);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       void high_resolution_timer::wait()
+       {
+               assert(false && "can't use synchcronous calls in simulator");
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               wait(ec);
+       }
+
+       void high_resolution_timer::wait(boost::system::error_code&)
+       {
+               assert(false && "can't use synchcronous calls in simulator");
+               time_type now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+               if (now >= m_expiration_time) return;
+               chrono::high_resolution_clock::fast_forward(m_expiration_time - now);
+       }
+
+       void high_resolution_timer::async_wait(aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler)
+       {
+               // TODO: support multiple handlers
+               assert(!m_handler);
+               m_handler = std::move(handler);
+               if (m_expired)
+               {
+                       fire(boost::system::error_code());
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       void high_resolution_timer::fire(boost::system::error_code ec)
+       {
+               m_expired = true;
+               if (!m_handler) return;
+               auto h = std::move(m_handler);
+               m_handler = nullptr;
+               post(*m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(h), ec)));
+       }
+
+       high_resolution_timer::executor_type high_resolution_timer::get_executor()
+       {
+               return (*m_io_service).get_executor();
+       }
+
+       } // asio
+
+} // sim
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/http_proxy.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/http_proxy.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..82aa80d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/http_proxy.hpp"
+#include "simulator/http_server.hpp" // for helper functions
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using namespace sim::asio::ip;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+using boost::system::error_code;
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       using namespace aux;
+
+       http_proxy::http_proxy(io_context& ios, unsigned short const listen_port)
+               : m_resolver(ios)
+               , m_listen_socket(ios)
+               , m_client_connection(ios)
+               , m_server_connection(ios)
+               , m_writing_to_server(false)
+               , m_num_client_in_bytes(0)
+               , m_num_server_out_bytes(0)
+               , m_num_in_bytes(0)
+               , m_close(false)
+       {
+               address local_ip = ios.get_ips().front();
+               if (local_ip.is_v4())
+               {
+                       m_listen_socket.open(tcp::v4());
+                       m_listen_socket.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v4::any(), listen_port));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_listen_socket.open(tcp::v6());
+                       m_listen_socket.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v6::any(), listen_port));
+               }
+               m_listen_socket.listen();
+
+               m_listen_socket.async_accept(m_client_connection, m_ep
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_accept, this, _1));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::on_accept(error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted)
+                       return;
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::on_accept: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               std::printf("http_proxy accepted connection from: %s : %d\n",
+                       m_ep.address().to_string().c_str(), m_ep.port());
+
+               // read http request
+               m_client_connection.async_read_some(asio::buffer(
+                       &m_client_in_buffer[0], sizeof(m_client_in_buffer))
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_read_request, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::on_read_request(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred) try
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::on_read_request: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_num_client_in_bytes += int(bytes_transferred);
+
+               // scan for end of HTTP request
+               int req_len = find_request_len(m_client_in_buffer, m_num_client_in_bytes);
+               while (req_len >= 0)
+               {
+                       // parse request from [0, eor), connect to target server and forward
+                       // the request.
+                       http_request const req = parse_request(m_client_in_buffer, req_len);
+                       forward_request(req);
+
+                       // pop this request from the receive buffer
+                       memmove(m_client_in_buffer, m_client_in_buffer + req_len
+                               , m_num_client_in_bytes - req_len);
+                       m_num_client_in_bytes -= req_len;
+
+                       // is there another request in the buffer?
+                       req_len = find_request_len(m_client_in_buffer, m_num_client_in_bytes);
+               }
+
+               // read more from the client
+               m_client_connection.async_read_some(asio::buffer(
+                       &m_client_in_buffer[m_num_client_in_bytes]
+                       , sizeof(m_client_in_buffer) - m_num_client_in_bytes)
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_read_request, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+       catch (std::runtime_error& e)
+       {
+               std::printf("http_proxy::on_read_request() failed: %s\n"
+                       , e.what());
+               close_connection();
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::forward_request(http_request const& req)
+       {
+               std::string out_request;
+               out_request = req.method;
+               out_request += ' ';
+               if (req.req.compare(0, 7, "http://") != 0)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::forward_request: expected full URL in request, got: %s\n"
+                               , req.req.c_str());
+                       throw std::runtime_error("invalid request");
+               }
+
+               std::string::size_type const path_start = req.req.find_first_of('/', 7);
+               if (path_start == std::string::npos) out_request += '/';
+               else out_request.append(req.req, path_start, std::string::npos);
+               out_request += " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
+
+               std::string::size_type const host_end = req.req.substr(0, path_start).find_last_of(':');
+
+               std::string host = req.req.substr(7, (host_end != std::string::npos && host_end > 7)
+                       ? host_end - 7 : path_start - 7);
+
+               // if the hostname is an IPv6 address, strip the brackets around it to
+               // make it parse correctly
+               if (host.size() >= 2 && host.front() == '[' && host.back() == ']')
+                       host = host.substr(1, host.size() - 2);
+
+               int const port = host_end == std::string::npos || host_end <= 7 ? 80
+                       : atoi(req.req.substr(host_end + 1, path_start).c_str());
+               assert(port >= 0 && port < 0xffff);
+
+               bool found_host = false;
+               for (auto const& h : req.headers)
+               {
+                       if (h.first == "host") found_host = true;
+
+                       out_request += h.first;
+                       out_request += ": ";
+                       out_request += h.second;
+                       out_request += "\r\n";
+               }
+               if (!found_host)
+               {
+                       out_request += "host: ";
+                       out_request += host;
+                       out_request += "\r\n";
+               }
+               out_request += "\r\n";
+
+               if (m_num_server_out_bytes + out_request.size() > sizeof(m_server_out_buffer))
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy: Too many queued server requests: %d bytes\n"
+                               , int(m_num_server_out_bytes + out_request.size()));
+                       throw std::runtime_error("pipeline too deep");
+               }
+               memmove(&m_server_out_buffer[m_num_server_out_bytes]
+                       , out_request.data(), out_request.size());
+               m_num_server_out_bytes += int(out_request.size());
+
+               if (!m_server_connection.is_open())
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code err;
+                       tcp::endpoint target(make_address(host.c_str(), err)
+                               , static_cast<unsigned short>(port));
+                       if (err)
+                       {
+                               char port_str[10];
+                               std::snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str), "%d", port);
+                               m_resolver.async_resolve(host, port_str
+                                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_domain_lookup, this, _1, _2));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       open_forward_connection(target);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               // TODO: make sure we're connecting/connected to the same (host, port)
+               // that this request is for. Don't support multiple servers
+
+               write_server_send_buffer();
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::on_domain_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , const asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type ips)
+       {
+               if (ec || ips.empty())
+               {
+                       if (ec)
+                       {
+                               std::printf("http_proxy::on_domain_lookup: (%d) %s\n"
+                                       , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               std::printf("http_proxy::on_request_domain_lookup: empty response\n");
+                       }
+                       error(503, "Resource Temporarily Unavailable");
+                       return;
+               }
+               open_forward_connection(ips.front().endpoint());
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::open_forward_connection(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& target)
+       {
+               m_server_connection.open(target.protocol());
+
+               std::printf("http_proxy: async_connect: %s:%d\n"
+                       , target.address().to_string().c_str(), target.port());
+               m_server_connection.async_connect(target
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_connected, this, _1));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::error(int code, char const* message)
+       {
+               std::string send_buffer = send_response(code, message);
+               memcpy(m_in_buffer, send_buffer.data(), send_buffer.size());
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(
+                       &m_in_buffer[0], send_buffer.size())
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::close_connection, this));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::on_connected() connection failed: %s\n", ec.message().c_str());
+                       m_server_connection.close();
+                       error(503, "Service Temporarily Unavailable");
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               std::printf("http_proxy: connected\n");
+
+               write_server_send_buffer();
+
+               m_server_connection.async_read_some(
+                       asio::buffer(m_in_buffer, sizeof(m_in_buffer))
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_server_receive, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::write_server_send_buffer()
+       {
+               if (m_writing_to_server) return;
+               m_writing_to_server = true;
+               m_server_connection.async_write_some(asio::buffer(
+                       &m_server_out_buffer[0], m_num_server_out_bytes)
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_server_write, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::on_server_write(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               m_writing_to_server = false;
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::on_server_write: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               memmove(&m_server_out_buffer[0], &m_server_out_buffer[bytes_transferred]
+                       , m_num_server_out_bytes - bytes_transferred);
+               m_num_server_out_bytes -= int(bytes_transferred);
+
+               if (m_num_server_out_bytes > 0)
+                       write_server_send_buffer();
+       }
+
+       // we received some data from the server, forward it to the server
+       void http_proxy::on_server_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy: error reading from server: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], bytes_transferred)
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_server_forward, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::on_server_forward(error_code const& ec
+               , size_t)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy: error writing to client: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_server_connection.async_read_some(
+                       sim::asio::buffer(m_in_buffer, sizeof(m_in_buffer))
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_server_receive, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::stop()
+       {
+               m_close = true;
+               m_listen_socket.close();
+       }
+
+       void http_proxy::close_connection()
+       {
+               m_num_client_in_bytes = 0;
+               m_num_server_out_bytes = 0;
+               m_num_in_bytes = 0;
+
+               error_code err;
+               m_client_connection.close(err);
+               if (err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::close: failed to close client connection (%d) %s\n"
+                               , err.value(), err.message().c_str());
+               }
+               m_server_connection.close(err);
+               if (err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_proxy::close: failed to close server connection (%d) %s\n"
+                               , err.value(), err.message().c_str());
+               }
+
+               if (m_close) return;
+
+               // now we can accept another connection
+               m_listen_socket.async_accept(m_client_connection, m_ep
+                       , std::bind(&http_proxy::on_accept, this, _1));
+       }
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/http_server.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/http_server.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..55cad35
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/http_server.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using namespace sim::asio::ip;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+using boost::system::error_code;
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       using namespace aux;
+
+       namespace {
+               char const* find(char const* hay, int const hsize
+                       , char const* needle, int const nsize)
+               {
+                       for (int i = 0; i < hsize - nsize + 1; ++i)
+                       {
+                               if (memcmp(hay + i, needle, nsize) == 0) return hay + i;
+                       }
+                       return nullptr;
+               }
+       }
+
+       std::string trim(std::string s)
+       {
+               if (s.empty()) return s;
+
+               int start = 0;
+               int end = int(s.size());
+               while (strchr(" \r\n\t", s[start]) != NULL && start < end)
+               {
+                       ++start;
+               }
+
+               while (strchr(" \r\n\t", s[end-1]) != NULL && end > start)
+               {
+                       --end;
+               }
+               return s.substr(start, end - start);
+       }
+
+       std::string lower_case(std::string s)
+       {
+               std::string ret;
+               std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), std::back_inserter(ret)
+                       , [](char c) { return static_cast<char>(tolower(c)); } );
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       std::string normalize(const std::string& s)
+       {
+               std::vector<std::string> elements;
+               char const* start = s.c_str();
+               if (*start == '/') ++start;
+               char const* slash = strchr(start, '/');
+               while (slash != NULL)
+               {
+                       std::string element(start, slash - start);
+                       if (element != "..")
+                       {
+                               elements.push_back(element);
+                       } else if (!elements.empty())
+                       {
+                               elements.erase(elements.end()-1);
+                       }
+                       start = slash + 1;
+                       slash = strchr(start, '/');
+               }
+               elements.push_back(start);
+
+               std::string ret;
+               for (auto const& e : elements)
+               {
+                       ret += '/';
+                       ret += e;
+               }
+
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       // TODO: extra_header should be a std::vector
+       std::string send_response(int code, char const* status_message
+               , int len, char const** extra_header)
+       {
+               std::string ret = "HTTP/1.1 " + std::to_string(code) + " " + status_message + "\r\n";
+
+               ret += "content-length: " + std::to_string(len) + "\r\n";
+
+               if (extra_header)
+               {
+                       ret += extra_header[0];
+                       ret += extra_header[1];
+                       ret += extra_header[2];
+                       ret += extra_header[3];
+               }
+               ret += "\r\n";
+
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       http_server::http_server(io_context& ios, unsigned short listen_port, int flags)
+               : m_ios(ios)
+               , m_listen_socket(ios)
+               , m_connection(ios)
+               , m_bytes_used(0)
+               , m_close(false)
+               , m_flags(flags)
+       {
+               address local_ip = ios.get_ips().front();
+               if (local_ip.is_v4())
+               {
+                       m_listen_socket.open(tcp::v4());
+                       m_listen_socket.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v4::any(), listen_port));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_listen_socket.open(tcp::v6());
+                       m_listen_socket.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v6::any(), listen_port));
+               }
+               m_listen_socket.listen();
+
+               m_listen_socket.async_accept(m_connection, m_ep
+                       , std::bind(&http_server::on_accept, this, _1));
+       }
+
+       void http_server::on_accept(error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_server::on_accept: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               ++m_accepted_connections;
+
+               std::printf("http_server accepted connection from: %s : %d\n",
+                       m_ep.address().to_string().c_str(), m_ep.port());
+
+               read();
+       }
+
+       void http_server::register_handler(std::string const& path, handler_t h)
+       {
+               m_handlers[path] = std::move(h);
+       }
+
+       void http_server::register_content(std::string const& path
+               , std::int64_t const size, generator_t gen)
+       {
+               m_handlers[path] = [gen,size](std::string, std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>& hdr)
+               {
+                       std::int64_t start = 0;
+                       std::int64_t end = size;
+
+                       auto it = hdr.find("range");
+                       bool const range_req = it != hdr.end();
+                       if (range_req)
+                       {
+                               std::string range = it->second;
+                               // skip "bytes "
+                               range = range.substr(range.find_first_of('=') + 1);
+                               start = std::stoll(range.substr(0, range.find('-')));
+                               end = std::stoll(range.substr(range.find_first_of('-') + 1)) + 1;
+                       }
+
+                       std::string header = "Content-Range: bytes " + std::to_string(start)
+                               + "-" + std::to_string(end-1) + "/" + std::to_string(end-start) + "\r\n";
+                       char const* extra_headers[4] = { header.c_str(), "", "", ""};
+
+                       return sim::send_response(range_req ? 206 : 200
+                               , range_req ? "Partial Content" : "OK"
+                               , int(end - start), range_req ? extra_headers : nullptr)
+                               + gen(start, end - start);
+               };
+       }
+
+       void http_server::register_redirect(std::string const& path, std::string const& target)
+       {
+               m_handlers[path] = [target](std::string, std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>&)
+               {
+                       std::string header = "Location: " + target + "\r\n";
+                       char const* extra_headers[4] = { header.c_str(), "", "", ""};
+                       return sim::send_response(301, "Moved Permanently", 0, extra_headers);
+               };
+       }
+
+       void http_server::register_stall_handler(std::string const& path){
+               m_stall_handlers.insert(path);
+       }
+
+       void http_server::read()
+       {
+               if (m_bytes_used >= int(m_recv_buffer.size()) / 2)
+               {
+                       m_recv_buffer.resize((std::max)(500, m_bytes_used * 2));
+               }
+               assert(int(m_recv_buffer.size()) > m_bytes_used);
+               m_connection.async_read_some(asio::buffer(&m_recv_buffer[m_bytes_used]
+                               , m_recv_buffer.size() - m_bytes_used)
+                       , std::bind(&http_server::on_read, this, _1, _2));
+       }
+
+       http_request parse_request(char const* start, int len)
+       {
+               http_request ret;
+
+               char const* const end_of_request = start + len;
+               char const* const space = find(start, len, " ", 1);
+               if (space == nullptr)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_server: failed to parse request:\n%s\n"
+                               , std::string(start, len).c_str());
+                       throw std::runtime_error("parse failed");
+               }
+
+               char const* const space2 = find(space + 1
+                       , int(len - (space - start + 1)), " ", 1);
+               if (space2 == nullptr)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_server: failed to parse request:\n%s\n"
+                               , std::string(start, len).c_str());
+                       throw std::runtime_error("parse failed");
+               }
+               ret.method.assign(start, space);
+               ret.req.assign(space+1, space2);
+               if (ret.method != "CONNECT") {
+                       ret.path.assign(normalize(ret.req.substr(0, ret.req.find_first_of('?'))));
+               } else {
+                       ret.path.assign(ret.req);
+               }
+               std::printf("parse_request: %s %s [%s]\n"
+                       , ret.method.c_str(), ret.path.c_str(), ret.req.c_str());
+
+               char const* header = find(space2, int(len - (space2 - start)), "\r\n", 2);
+               while (header != end_of_request - 4)
+               {
+                       if (header == nullptr)
+                       {
+                               std::printf("http_server: failed to parse request:\n%s\n"
+                                       , std::string(start, len).c_str());
+                               throw std::runtime_error("parse failed");
+                       }
+                       char const* const next = find(header + 2
+                               , int(len - (header + 2 - start)), "\r\n", 2);
+                       char const* const value = static_cast<char const*>(memchr(header, ':', len - (header - start)));
+                       if (value == nullptr || next == nullptr || value > next)
+                       {
+                               std::printf("http_server: failed to parse request:\n%s\n"
+                                       , std::string(start, len).c_str());
+                               throw std::runtime_error("parse failed");
+                       }
+
+                       ret.headers[lower_case(trim(std::string(header, value)))]
+                               = trim(std::string(value+1, next));
+
+                       header = next;
+               }
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       int find_request_len(char const* buf, int const len)
+       {
+               char const* end_of_request = find(buf, len, "\r\n\r\n", 4);
+               if (end_of_request == nullptr) return -1;
+               return int(end_of_request - buf + 4);
+       }
+
+       void http_server::on_read(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred) try
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_server::on_read: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_bytes_used += int(bytes_transferred);
+
+               int const req_len = find_request_len(m_recv_buffer.data(), m_bytes_used);
+               if (req_len < 0)
+               {
+                       read();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               http_request req = parse_request(m_recv_buffer.data(), req_len);
+
+               m_recv_buffer.erase(m_recv_buffer.begin(), m_recv_buffer.begin() + req_len);
+               m_bytes_used -= req_len;
+
+               auto it = m_handlers.find(req.path);
+               if (it == m_handlers.end())
+               {
+                       if (m_stall_handlers.find(req.path) != m_stall_handlers.end())
+                       {
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       // no handler found, 404
+                       m_send_buffer = send_response(404, "Not Found");
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_send_buffer = it->second(req.method, req.req, req.headers);
+               }
+
+               // decide whether to close the connection after this response, and signal
+               // it to the client appropriately.
+               bool close;
+               if (m_flags & http_1_0)
+               {
+                       // an HTTP/1.0 server closes after every response and does not use the
+                       // Connection header (that is an HTTP/1.1 mechanism). Downgrade the
+                       // status line so the client detects this from the protocol version.
+                       close = true;
+                       auto const ver = m_send_buffer.find("HTTP/1.1");
+                       if (ver != std::string::npos)
+                               m_send_buffer.replace(ver, 8, "HTTP/1.0");
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       // close if the client asked us to, or if this server is not
+                       // configured for keep-alive. When we do, advertise it with a
+                       // "Connection: close" response header so the client knows not to
+                       // reuse the socket (rather than discovering it via a failed write).
+                       close = lower_case(req.headers["connection"]) == "close"
+                               || !(m_flags & keep_alive);
+                       if (close)
+                       {
+                               auto const status_end = m_send_buffer.find("\r\n");
+                               if (status_end != std::string::npos)
+                                       {
+                                               assert(m_send_buffer.find("Connection:") == std::string::npos);
+                                               m_send_buffer.insert(status_end + 2, "Connection: close\r\n");
+                                       }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               async_write(m_connection, asio::buffer(m_send_buffer.data()
+                       , m_send_buffer.size()), std::bind(&http_server::on_write
+                       , this, _1, _2, close));
+       }
+       catch (std::exception& e)
+       {
+               std::printf("http_server::on_read() failed: %s\n"
+                       , e.what());
+               close_connection();
+       }
+
+       void http_server::on_write(error_code const& ec
+               , size_t /* bytes_transferred */
+               , bool close)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_server::on_write: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (!close)
+               {
+                       // try to read another request out of the buffer
+                       post(m_ios, std::bind(&http_server::on_read, this, error_code(), 0));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       close_connection();
+               }
+       }
+
+       void http_server::stop()
+       {
+               m_close = true;
+               m_listen_socket.close();
+       }
+
+       void http_server::close_connection()
+       {
+               m_recv_buffer.clear();
+               m_bytes_used = 0;
+
+               error_code err;
+               m_connection.close(err);
+               if (err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("http_server::close: failed to close connection (%d) %s\n"
+                               , err.value(), err.message().c_str());
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (m_close) return;
+
+               // now we can accept another connection
+               m_listen_socket.async_accept(m_connection, m_ep
+                       , std::bind(&http_server::on_accept, this, _1));
+       }
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/io_service.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/io_service.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..049c957
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+
+namespace sim { namespace asio {
+
+       io_context::io_context(sim::simulation& sim)
+               : io_context(sim, std::vector<asio::ip::address>())
+       {}
+
+       io_context::io_context(sim::simulation& sim, asio::ip::address const& ip)
+               : io_context(sim, std::vector<asio::ip::address>{ip})
+       {}
+
+       io_context::io_context(sim::simulation& sim, std::vector<asio::ip::address> const& ips)
+               : m_sim(sim)
+               , m_ips(ips)
+               , m_stopped(false)
+       {
+               for (auto const& ip : m_ips)
+               {
+                       m_outgoing_route[ip] = m_sim.config().outgoing_route(ip);
+                       m_incoming_route[ip] = m_sim.config().incoming_route(ip);
+               }
+               m_sim.add_io_service(this);
+       }
+
+       io_context::~io_context()
+       {
+               m_sim.remove_io_service(this);
+       }
+
+       // this constructor is never meant to be called (hence the assert). It only
+       // exists to satisfy interfaces that require a default-like constructor. The
+       // null reference is deliberate, so suppress the warning about it.
+#if defined __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnull-dereference"
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnull-dereference"
+#endif
+       io_context::io_context(std::size_t)
+               : m_sim(*reinterpret_cast<sim::simulation*>(0))
+       {
+               assert(false);
+       }
+#if defined __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+       int io_context::get_path_mtu(const asio::ip::address& source, const asio::ip::address& dest) const
+       {
+               // TODO: it would be nice to actually traverse the virtual network nodes
+               // and ask for their MTU instead
+               assert(std::count(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end(), source) > 0 && "source address must be a local address to this node/io_context");
+               return m_sim.config().path_mtu(source, dest);
+       }
+
+       void io_context::stop()
+       {
+               // TODO: cancel all outstanding handler associated with this io_context
+               m_stopped = true;
+       }
+
+       bool io_context::stopped() const
+       {
+               return m_stopped;
+       }
+
+       void io_context::restart()
+       {
+               m_stopped = false;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t io_context::run()
+       {
+               assert(false);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t io_context::run(boost::system::error_code&)
+       {
+               assert(false);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t io_context::poll()
+       {
+               assert(false);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t io_context::poll(boost::system::error_code&)
+       {
+               assert(false);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t io_context::poll_one()
+       {
+               assert(false);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t io_context::poll_one(boost::system::error_code&)
+       {
+               assert(false);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       // private interface
+
+       void io_context::add_timer(high_resolution_timer* t)
+       {
+               m_sim.add_timer(t);
+       }
+
+       void io_context::remove_timer(high_resolution_timer* t)
+       {
+               m_sim.remove_timer(t);
+       }
+
+       boost::asio::io_context& io_context::get_internal_service()
+       { return m_sim.get_internal_service(); }
+
+       ip::tcp::endpoint io_context::bind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* socket
+               , ip::tcp::endpoint ep, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               assert(!m_ips.empty() && "you cannot use an internal io_context (one without an IP address) for creating and binding sockets");
+               if (ep.address() == ip::address_v4::any())
+               {
+                       auto it = std::find_if(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end()
+                               , [](ip::address const& ip) { return ip.is_v4(); } );
+                       if (it == m_ips.end())
+                       {
+                               ec.assign(boost::system::errc::address_not_available
+                                       , boost::system::generic_category());
+                               return ip::tcp::endpoint();
+                       }
+                       // TODO: pick the first local endpoint for now. In the future we may
+                       // want have a bias toward
+                       ep.address(*it);
+               }
+               else if (ep.address() == ip::address_v6::any())
+               {
+                       auto it = std::find_if(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end()
+                               , [](ip::address const& ip) { return ip.is_v6(); } );
+                       if (it == m_ips.end())
+                       {
+                               ec.assign(boost::system::errc::address_not_available
+                                       , boost::system::generic_category());
+                               return ip::tcp::endpoint();
+                       }
+                       // TODO: pick the first local endpoint for now. In the future we may
+                       // want have a bias toward
+                       ep.address(*it);
+               }
+               else if (std::count(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end(), ep.address()) == 0)
+               {
+                       // you can only bind to the IP assigned to this node.
+                       // TODO: support loopback
+                       ec.assign(boost::system::errc::address_not_available
+                               , boost::system::generic_category());
+                       return ip::tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               return m_sim.bind_socket(socket, ep, ec);
+       }
+
+       void io_context::unbind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* socket
+               , const ip::tcp::endpoint& ep)
+       {
+               m_sim.unbind_socket(socket, ep);
+       }
+
+       void io_context::rebind_socket(asio::ip::tcp::socket* prev, asio::ip::tcp::socket* s, asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ep)
+       {
+               m_sim.rebind_socket(prev, s, ep);
+       }
+
+       ip::udp::endpoint io_context::bind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket
+               , ip::udp::endpoint ep, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               assert(!m_ips.empty() && "you cannot use an internal io_context (one without an IP address) for creating and binding sockets");
+               if (ep.address() == ip::address_v4::any())
+               {
+                       auto it = std::find_if(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end()
+                               , [](ip::address const& ip) { return ip.is_v4(); });
+                       if (it == m_ips.end())
+                       {
+                               ec.assign(boost::system::errc::address_not_available
+                                       , boost::system::generic_category());
+                               return ip::udp::endpoint();
+                       }
+                       // TODO: pick the first local endpoint for now. In the future we may
+                       // want have a bias toward
+                       ep.address(*it);
+               }
+               else if (ep.address() == ip::address_v6::any())
+               {
+                       auto it = std::find_if(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end()
+                               , [](ip::address const& ip) { return ip.is_v6(); });
+                       if (it == m_ips.end())
+                       {
+                               ec.assign(boost::system::errc::address_not_available
+                                                 , boost::system::generic_category());
+                               return ip::udp::endpoint();
+                       }
+                       // TODO: pick the first local endpoint for now. In the future we may
+                       // want have a bias toward
+                       ep.address(*it);
+               }
+               else if (std::count(m_ips.begin(), m_ips.end(), ep.address()) == 0)
+               {
+                       // you can only bind to the IP assigned to this node.
+                       // TODO: support loopback
+                       ec.assign(boost::system::errc::address_not_available
+                               , boost::system::generic_category());
+                       return ip::udp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               return m_sim.bind_udp_socket(socket, ep, ec);
+       }
+
+       void io_context::unbind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket
+               , const ip::udp::endpoint& ep)
+       {
+               m_sim.unbind_udp_socket(socket, ep);
+       }
+
+       void io_context::rebind_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket* socket, asio::ip::udp::endpoint ep)
+       {
+               m_sim.rebind_udp_socket(socket, ep);
+       }
+
+       std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> io_context::internal_connect(ip::tcp::socket* s
+               , ip::tcp::endpoint const& target, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               return m_sim.internal_connect(s, target, ec);
+       }
+
+       route io_context::find_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket const& socket
+               , ip::udp::endpoint const& ep)
+       {
+               return m_sim.find_udp_socket(socket, ep);
+       }
+
+} // asio
+} // sim
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/nat.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/nat.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..de27f48
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2018, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/nat.hpp"
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace sim {
+
+       nat::nat(asio::ip::address external_addr) : m_external_addr(external_addr) {}
+
+       void nat::incoming_packet(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               // unconditionally replacing the "from" address is fine because of our
+               // simplified network model where the two paths of a connection are set up
+               // independently, and we can set up the nat hop only on the outgoing path
+               p.from.address(m_external_addr);
+               if (p.channel) {
+                       p.channel->visible_ep[0].address(m_external_addr);
+               }
+               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+       }
+
+       // used for visualization
+       std::string nat::label() const
+       {
+               return std::string("NAT [") + m_external_addr.to_string() + "]";
+       }
+
+} // sim
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/pcap.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/pcap.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d77aa4e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/pcap.hpp"
+#include "simulator/chrono.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+
+using sim::chrono::duration_cast;
+using sim::chrono::seconds;
+
+using sim::asio::ip::address_v4;
+using sim::asio::ip::tcp;
+using sim::asio::ip::udp;
+
+namespace sim { namespace aux {
+
+namespace {
+
+       template <typename T, typename cond = typename std::enable_if<std::is_pod<T>::value>::type>
+       void write(std::fstream& o, T const& value)
+       { o.write(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(&value), sizeof(value)); }
+
+       // documented here:
+       // http://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes.html
+       std::uint32_t const LINKTYPE_RAW = 101;
+
+       struct ip_header
+       {
+               std::uint8_t version_len;
+               std::uint8_t dscp;
+               std::uint16_t length;
+               std::uint16_t identification;
+               std::uint16_t fragment;
+               std::uint8_t ttl;
+               std::uint8_t protocol;
+               std::uint16_t checksum;
+               std::uint32_t source_ip;
+               std::uint32_t destination_ip;
+       };
+
+       struct udp_header
+       {
+               std::uint16_t src_port;
+               std::uint16_t dst_port;
+               std::uint16_t length;
+               std::uint16_t checksum;
+       };
+
+       struct tcp_header
+       {
+               std::uint16_t src_port;
+               std::uint16_t dst_port;
+               std::uint32_t seq_nr;
+               std::uint32_t ack_nr;
+               std::uint8_t offset;
+               std::uint8_t flags;
+               std::uint16_t window_size;
+               std::uint16_t checksum;
+               std::uint16_t urgent;
+       };
+}
+
+       pcap::pcap(char const* filename)
+               : m_file(filename, std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::trunc | std::ios_base::binary)
+       {
+               // file format documented here:
+               // https://wiki.wireshark.org/Development/LibpcapFileFormat
+               // write pcap file header
+               write(m_file, std::uint32_t(0xa1b2c3d4)); // magic number
+               write(m_file, std::uint16_t(2)); // versopm major
+               write(m_file, std::uint16_t(4)); // versopm minor
+               write(m_file, std::int32_t(0)); // thiszone
+               write(m_file, std::uint32_t(0)); // sigfigs
+               write(m_file, std::uint32_t(0xffff)); // snaplen
+               write(m_file, LINKTYPE_RAW); // network
+       }
+
+       void write_ip_header(std::fstream& file, int const size, int const protocol
+               , address_v4 const source, address_v4 const dest)
+       {
+               ip_header const header = {
+                       (4 << 4) | 5, // version_len
+                       0, // dscp
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(size)), // length
+                       0, // identification
+                       0, // fragment
+                       200, // ttl
+                       std::uint8_t(protocol), // protocol
+                       0, // checksum
+                       htonl(std::uint32_t(source.to_uint())), // source ip
+                       htonl(std::uint32_t(dest.to_uint())) // destination ip
+               };
+
+               write(file, header);
+       }
+
+       void write_udp_header(std::fstream& file, int const size, int const src_port
+               , int const dst_port)
+       {
+               assert(src_port != 0);
+               assert(dst_port != 0);
+               udp_header const header = {
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(src_port)), // source port
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(dst_port)), // destination port
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(sizeof(udp_header) + size)), // length
+                       0 // checksum
+               };
+
+               write(file, header);
+       }
+
+       void write_tcp_header(std::fstream& file, int const src_port
+               , int const dst_port, std::uint32_t const seq_nr)
+       {
+               assert(src_port != 0);
+               assert(dst_port != 0);
+               tcp_header const header = {
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(src_port)), // source port
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(dst_port)), // destination port
+                       htonl(seq_nr), // sequence number
+                       std::uint32_t(0), // acknowledgement number
+                       std::uint8_t(5 << 4), // header size (data offset)
+                       std::uint8_t(0), // flags
+                       htons(std::uint16_t(65535)), // window size
+                       std::uint16_t(0), // checksum
+                       std::uint16_t(0) // urgent offset
+               };
+
+               write(file, header);
+       }
+
+       void pcap::log_tcp(packet const& p, tcp::endpoint const src
+               , tcp::endpoint const dst)
+       {
+               // synthesize IP/TCP header and write packet
+               auto const now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+               // just an arbitrary posix time used as starting point
+               std::uint32_t const sim_start_time = 441794304;
+               std::uint32_t const secs = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(now.time_since_epoch()).count());
+               std::uint32_t const usecs = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(duration_cast<chrono::microseconds>(now.time_since_epoch() - seconds(secs)).count());
+
+               std::uint32_t const packet_size = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(sizeof(ip_header) + sizeof(tcp_header) + p.buffer.size());
+
+               write(m_file, sim_start_time + secs);
+               write(m_file, usecs);
+               write(m_file, packet_size);
+               write(m_file, packet_size);
+
+               // 6 is the protocol number for TCP
+               write_ip_header(m_file, packet_size, 6
+                       , src.address().to_v4(), dst.address().to_v4());
+
+               // TODO: if the packet has error set with asio::error::eof
+               // set the FIN flag
+               write_tcp_header(m_file, p.from.port(), dst.port(), p.byte_counter);
+
+               m_file.write(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(p.buffer.data()), p.buffer.size());
+       }
+
+       void pcap::log_udp(packet const& p, udp::endpoint const src
+               , udp::endpoint const dst)
+       {
+               // synthesize IP/UDP header and write packet
+               auto const now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+               // just an arbitrary posix time used as starting point
+               std::uint32_t const sim_start_time = 441794304;
+               std::uint32_t const secs = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(now.time_since_epoch()).count());
+               std::uint32_t const usecs = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(duration_cast<chrono::microseconds>(now.time_since_epoch() - seconds(secs)).count());
+
+               std::uint32_t const packet_size = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(sizeof(ip_header) + sizeof(udp_header) + p.buffer.size());
+
+               write(m_file, sim_start_time + secs);
+               write(m_file, usecs);
+               write(m_file, packet_size);
+               write(m_file, packet_size);
+
+               // 17 is the protocol number for UDP
+               write_ip_header(m_file, packet_size, 17
+                       , src.address().to_v4(), dst.address().to_v4());
+
+               write_udp_header(m_file, static_cast<int>(p.buffer.size()), p.from.port(), static_cast<int>(dst.port()));
+
+               m_file.write(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(p.buffer.data()), p.buffer.size());
+       }
+
+}}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/queue.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/queue.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..69811bc
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/queue.hpp"
+#include "simulator/handler_allocator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       using namespace aux;
+
+       queue::queue(asio::io_context& ios
+               , int bandwidth
+               , chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration propagation_delay
+               , int max_queue_size
+               , std::string name)
+               : m_max_queue_size(max_queue_size)
+               , m_forwarding_latency(propagation_delay)
+               , m_bandwidth(bandwidth)
+               , m_queue_size(0)
+               , m_node_name(name)
+               , m_forward_timer(ios)
+               , m_last_forward(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now())
+       {}
+
+       std::string queue::label() const
+       {
+               char ret[400];
+               int p = std::snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "%s\n", m_node_name.c_str());
+
+               if (m_bandwidth != 0)
+               {
+                       p += std::snprintf(ret + p, sizeof(ret) - p, "rate: %d kB/s\n"
+                               , m_bandwidth / 1000);
+               }
+
+               if (m_queue_size != 0)
+               {
+                       p += std::snprintf(ret + p, sizeof(ret) - p, "queue: %d kB\n"
+                               , m_queue_size / 1000);
+               }
+
+               if (m_forwarding_latency.count() != 0)
+               {
+                       p += std::snprintf(ret + p, sizeof(ret) - p, "latency: %d ms\n"
+                               , int(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(m_forwarding_latency).count()));
+               }
+
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       void queue::incoming_packet(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               const int packet_size = int(p.buffer.size() + p.overhead);
+
+               // tail-drop
+               if (p.ok_to_drop()
+                       && m_max_queue_size > 0
+                       && m_queue_size + packet_size > m_max_queue_size)
+               {
+                       // if any hop on the network drops a packet, it has to return it to the
+                       // sender.
+                       auto drop_fun = std::move(p.drop_fun);
+                       if (drop_fun) drop_fun(std::move(p));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               time_point const now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+               m_queue.emplace_back(now + m_forwarding_latency, std::move(p));
+               m_queue_size += packet_size;
+               if (m_queue.size() > 1) return;
+
+               begin_send_next_packet();
+       }
+
+       void queue::begin_send_next_packet()
+       {
+               time_point now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+               if (m_queue.front().ts > now)
+               {
+                       m_forward_timer.expires_at(m_queue.front().ts);
+                       m_forward_timer.async_wait(make_malloc(std::bind(&queue::begin_send_next_packet
+                               , this)));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_last_forward = now;
+               if (m_bandwidth == 0)
+               {
+                       post(m_forward_timer.get_executor(), make_malloc(std::bind(&queue::next_packet_sent
+                               , this)));
+                       return;
+               }
+               const double nanoseconds_per_byte = 1000000000.0
+                       / double(m_bandwidth);
+
+               aux::packet const& p = m_queue.front().pkt;
+               const int packet_size = int(p.buffer.size() + p.overhead);
+
+               m_last_forward += chrono::duration_cast<duration>(chrono::nanoseconds(
+                       boost::int64_t(nanoseconds_per_byte * packet_size)));
+
+               m_forward_timer.expires_at(m_last_forward);
+               m_forward_timer.async_wait(make_malloc(std::bind(&queue::next_packet_sent
+                       , this)));
+       }
+
+       void queue::next_packet_sent()
+       {
+               aux::packet p = std::move(m_queue.front().pkt);
+               m_queue.erase(m_queue.begin());
+               const int packet_size = int(p.buffer.size() + p.overhead);
+               m_queue_size -= packet_size;
+
+               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+
+               if (m_queue.size())
+                       begin_send_next_packet();
+       }
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/resolver.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/resolver.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..01bc1ea
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/handler_allocator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace asio {
+namespace ip {
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       basic_resolver<Protocol>::basic_resolver(io_context& ios)
+               : m_ios(&ios)
+               , m_timer(ios)
+       {}
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       basic_resolver<Protocol>::basic_resolver(basic_resolver<Protocol>&&) noexcept = default;
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       basic_resolver<Protocol>& basic_resolver<Protocol>::operator=(basic_resolver<Protocol>&&) noexcept = default;
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       void basic_resolver<Protocol>::async_resolve(std::string hostname, char const* service
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, results_type)> handler)
+       {
+               std::vector<asio::ip::address> result;
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+
+               const chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point start_time =
+                       m_queue.empty() ? chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() :
+                       m_queue.front().completion_time;
+
+               assert(!m_ios->get_ips().empty() && "internal io service objects can only "
+                       "be used for timers");
+
+               // if the hostname is an IP address, resolve it immediately
+               asio::ip::address addr = make_address_v4(hostname, ec);
+               if (ec) addr = make_address_v6(hostname, ec);
+               if (!ec)
+               {
+                       const chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point t = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now()
+                               + chrono::microseconds(1);
+                       results_type ips;
+                       int const port = atoi(service);
+                       assert(port >= 0 && port <= 0xffff);
+                       ips.emplace_back(
+                               typename Protocol::endpoint(addr, static_cast<unsigned short>(port))
+                               , hostname, service);
+                       result_t res{t, ec, std::move(ips), std::move(handler) };
+                       m_queue.insert(m_queue.begin(), std::move(res));
+                       m_timer.expires_at(m_queue.front().completion_time);
+                       m_timer.async_wait(aux::make_malloc(std::bind(&basic_resolver::on_lookup, this, _1)));
+                       return;
+               }
+               ec.clear();
+
+               const chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point completion_time =
+                       start_time
+                       + m_ios->sim().config().hostname_lookup(m_ios->get_ips().front(), hostname
+                               , result, ec);
+
+               results_type ips;
+
+               int const port = atoi(service);
+               assert(port >= 0 && port <= 0xffff);
+
+               for (auto const& ip : result)
+               {
+                       ips.emplace_back(
+                               typename Protocol::endpoint(ip, static_cast<unsigned short>(port))
+                               , hostname, service);
+               }
+
+               result_t res{ completion_time, ec, std::move(ips), std::move(handler)};
+               m_queue.emplace_back(std::move(res));
+
+               m_timer.expires_at(m_queue.front().completion_time);
+               m_timer.async_wait(aux::make_malloc(std::bind(&basic_resolver::on_lookup, this, _1)));
+       }
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       void basic_resolver<Protocol>::on_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted) return;
+
+               if (m_queue.empty()) return;
+
+               typename queue_t::value_type v = std::move(m_queue.front());
+               m_queue.erase(m_queue.begin());
+
+               // once the handler is called, it's possible the last reference keeping
+               // this object (basic_resolver) alive is released and we're deleted. Make
+               // sure to not touch any members after the handler in that case.
+               bool const empty = m_queue.empty();
+               v.handler(v.err, std::move(v.ips));
+               if (empty) return;
+
+               m_timer.expires_at(m_queue.front().completion_time);
+               m_timer.async_wait(aux::make_malloc(std::bind(&basic_resolver::on_lookup, this, _1)));
+       }
+
+       template<typename Protocol>
+       void basic_resolver<Protocol>::cancel()
+       {
+               queue_t q;
+               m_queue.swap(q);
+               for (auto& r : q)
+               {
+                       r.err = asio::error::operation_aborted;
+                       post(m_timer.get_executor(), aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(r.handler)
+                               , r.err, std::move(r.ips))));
+               }
+       }
+
+       // explicitly instantiate the functions
+       template struct basic_resolver<udp>;
+       template struct basic_resolver<tcp>;
+}
+}
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/simulation.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/simulation.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c945558
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+#include "simulator/pcap.hpp"
+
+#include <tuple> // for tie
+#include <memory> // for make_shared
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stdexcept> // for std::runtime_error
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       simulation::simulation(configuration& config)
+               : m_config(config)
+               , m_internal_ios(new asio::io_context(*this))
+               , m_service(1)
+       {
+               sim::chrono::reset_clock();
+               m_config.build(*this);
+       }
+
+       simulation::~simulation()
+       {
+               m_config.clear();
+
+               assert(m_timer_queue.empty());
+       }
+
+       std::size_t simulation::run() try
+       {
+               std::size_t ret = 0;
+               std::size_t last_executed = 0;
+
+               // Detect a runaway loop where events keep firing but simulated time
+               // never advances - typically a timer being repeatedly scheduled at the
+               // current time (a 100% CPU spin that would otherwise hang run()
+               // forever). Legitimate bursts of same-timestamp events are finite, so
+               // a large threshold reliably distinguishes them from an unbounded spin.
+               chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point prev_time
+                       = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+               std::int64_t stalled_iterations = 0;
+               constexpr std::int64_t max_stalled_iterations = 1000;
+
+               do {
+
+                       m_service.restart();
+                       last_executed = m_service.poll();
+                       ret += last_executed;
+
+                       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point now
+                               = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+                       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(m_timer_queue_mutex);
+                       if (!m_timer_queue.empty()) {
+                               asio::high_resolution_timer* next_timer = *m_timer_queue.begin();
+                               chrono::high_resolution_clock::fast_forward(next_timer->expiry() - now);
+
+                               now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+                               while (!m_timer_queue.empty()
+                                       && (*m_timer_queue.begin())->expiry() <= now) {
+
+                                       next_timer = *m_timer_queue.begin();
+                                       m_timer_queue.erase(m_timer_queue.begin());
+                                       next_timer->fire(boost::system::error_code());
+                                       ++last_executed;
+                                       ++ret;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (last_executed > 0) {
+                               if (now == prev_time) {
+                                       if (++stalled_iterations > max_stalled_iterations) {
+                                               throw std::runtime_error("libsimulator: simulated time "
+                                                       "has not advanced for too many consecutive iterations "
+                                                       "while events keep firing. The simulation is stuck in a "
+                                                       "busy loop, typically a timer repeatedly scheduled at "
+                                                       "the current time (a 100% CPU spin).");
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       stalled_iterations = 0;
+                                       prev_time = now;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+//                     std::fprintf(stderr, "run: last_executed: %d stopped: %d timer-queue: %d\n"
+//                             , int(last_executed), m_stopped, int(m_timer_queue.size()));
+               } while (last_executed > 0 && !m_stopped);
+
+//             std::fprintf(stderr, "exiting simulation::run(): last_executed: %d stopped: %d timer-queue: %d ret: %d\n"
+//                     , int(last_executed), m_stopped, int(m_timer_queue.size()), int(ret));
+               return ret;
+       }
+       catch (...)
+       {
+               // cancel all outstanding timers
+               // we make a copy, since cancelling the timers will mutate m_timer_queue
+               auto queue = m_timer_queue;
+               for (auto& t : queue)
+                       t->cancel();
+
+               auto listen_sockets = m_listen_sockets;
+               for (auto& s : listen_sockets)
+                       s.second->cancel();
+
+               auto udp_sockets = m_udp_sockets;
+               for (auto& s : udp_sockets)
+                       s.second->cancel();
+               m_stopped = true;
+               throw;
+       }
+
+       void simulation::stop() { m_stopped = true; }
+       bool simulation::stopped() const { return m_stopped; }
+       void simulation::restart() { m_stopped = false; }
+
+       void simulation::add_timer(asio::high_resolution_timer* t)
+       {
+               assert(!m_stopped);
+               if (t->expiry() == sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now())
+               {
+                       std::fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: timer scheduled for current time!\n");
+               }
+               std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(m_timer_queue_mutex);
+               // make sure we get a deterministic ordering of timers with the same
+               // expiration time
+               auto it = std::upper_bound(m_timer_queue.begin(), m_timer_queue.end(), t, timer_compare());
+               m_timer_queue.insert(it, t);
+       }
+
+       void simulation::remove_timer(asio::high_resolution_timer* t)
+       {
+               std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(m_timer_queue_mutex);
+               if (m_timer_queue.empty()) return;
+               timer_queue_t::iterator begin;
+               timer_queue_t::iterator end;
+               std::tie(begin, end) = std::equal_range(m_timer_queue.begin(), m_timer_queue.end(), t, timer_compare());
+               if (begin == end) return;
+               begin = std::find(begin, end, t);
+               if (begin == end) return;
+               m_timer_queue.erase(begin);
+       }
+
+       void simulation::rebind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* prev, ip::tcp::socket* s, ip::tcp::endpoint ep)
+       {
+               auto i = m_listen_sockets.find(ep);
+               assert(i != m_listen_sockets.end());
+               if (i->second != prev) return;
+               i->second = s;
+       }
+
+       ip::tcp::endpoint simulation::bind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* socket
+               , ip::tcp::endpoint ep, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               assert(ep.address() != boost::asio::ip::address());
+
+               if (ep.port() < 1024 && ep.port() > 0)
+               {
+                       // emulate process not running as root
+                       ec = boost::asio::error::access_denied;
+                       return ip::tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               if (ep.port() == 0)
+               {
+                       // if the socket is being bound to port 0, it means the system picks a
+                       // free port. We want to avoid re-using ports, because that may confuse
+                       // wireshark when threading together the TCP streams.
+                       ep.port(m_next_bind_port++);
+                       if (m_next_bind_port > 65534) m_next_bind_port = 2000;
+
+                       listen_socket_iter_t i = m_listen_sockets.lower_bound(ep);
+                       while (i != m_listen_sockets.end() && i->first == ep)
+                       {
+                               ep.port(ep.port() + 1);
+                               if (ep.port() > 65530)
+                               {
+                                       ec = boost::asio::error::address_in_use;
+                                       return ip::tcp::endpoint();
+                               }
+                               i = m_listen_sockets.lower_bound(ep);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               listen_socket_iter_t i = m_listen_sockets.lower_bound(ep);
+               if (i != m_listen_sockets.end() && i->first == ep)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::asio::error::address_in_use;
+                       return ip::tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               m_listen_sockets.insert(i, std::make_pair(ep, socket));
+               ec.clear();
+               return ep;
+       }
+
+       void simulation::unbind_socket(ip::tcp::socket* socket
+               , const ip::tcp::endpoint& ep)
+       {
+               listen_socket_iter_t i = m_listen_sockets.find(ep);
+               if (i == m_listen_sockets.end() || i->second != socket) return;
+               m_listen_sockets.erase(i);
+       }
+
+       void simulation::rebind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket, ip::udp::endpoint ep)
+       {
+               auto i = m_udp_sockets.find(ep);
+               assert(i != m_udp_sockets.end());
+               i->second = socket;
+       }
+
+       ip::udp::endpoint simulation::bind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket
+               , ip::udp::endpoint ep, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               assert(ep.address() != boost::asio::ip::address());
+
+               if (ep.port() < 1024 && ep.port() > 0)
+               {
+                       // emulate process not running as root
+                       ec = boost::asio::error::access_denied;
+                       return ip::udp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               if (ep.port() == 0)
+               {
+                       // if the socket is being bound to port 0, it means the system picks a
+                       // free port.
+
+                       ep.port(m_next_bind_port++);
+                       if (m_next_bind_port > 65534) m_next_bind_port = 2000;
+                       udp_socket_iter_t i = m_udp_sockets.lower_bound(ep);
+                       while (i != m_udp_sockets.end() && i->first == ep)
+                       {
+                               ep.port(ep.port() + 1);
+                               if (ep.port() > 65530)
+                               {
+                                       ec = boost::asio::error::address_in_use;
+                                       return ip::udp::endpoint();
+                               }
+                               i = m_udp_sockets.lower_bound(ep);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               udp_socket_iter_t i = m_udp_sockets.lower_bound(ep);
+               if (i != m_udp_sockets.end() && i->first == ep)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::asio::error::address_in_use;
+                       return ip::udp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               m_udp_sockets.insert(i, std::make_pair(ep, socket));
+               ec.clear();
+               return ep;
+       }
+
+       void simulation::unbind_udp_socket(ip::udp::socket* socket
+               , const ip::udp::endpoint& ep)
+       {
+               udp_socket_iter_t i = m_udp_sockets.find(ep);
+               if (i == m_udp_sockets.end() || i->second != socket) return;
+               m_udp_sockets.erase(i);
+       }
+
+       std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> simulation::internal_connect(
+               asio::ip::tcp::socket* s
+               , ip::tcp::endpoint const& target, boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               // find remote socket
+               listen_sockets_t::iterator i = m_listen_sockets.find(target);
+               if (i == m_listen_sockets.end())
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::connection_refused);
+                       return std::shared_ptr<aux::channel>();
+               }
+
+               // make sure it's a listening socket
+               ip::tcp::socket* remote = i->second;
+               if (!remote->internal_is_listening())
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::connection_refused);
+                       return std::shared_ptr<aux::channel>();
+               }
+
+               // create a channel
+               std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> c = std::make_shared<aux::channel>();
+
+               asio::ip::tcp::endpoint from = s->local_bound_to(ec);
+
+               route network_route = m_config.channel_route(from.address()
+                       , target.address());
+               c->hops[0] = remote->get_outgoing_route() + network_route + s->get_incoming_route();
+               c->hops[1] = s->get_outgoing_route() + network_route + remote->get_incoming_route();
+
+               c->ep[0] = s->local_bound_to(ec);
+               c->ep[1] = remote->local_bound_to(ec);
+
+               c->visible_ep[0] = s->local_bound_to(ec);
+               c->visible_ep[1] = remote->local_bound_to(ec);
+
+               aux::packet p;
+               p.type = aux::packet::type_t::syn;
+               p.overhead = 28;
+               p.from = asio::ip::udp::endpoint(from.address(), from.port());
+               p.channel = c;
+               if (ec) return std::shared_ptr<aux::channel>();
+
+               p.hops = c->hops[1];
+
+               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       route simulation::find_udp_socket(asio::ip::udp::socket const& socket
+               , ip::udp::endpoint const& ep)
+       {
+               udp_socket_iter_t i = m_udp_sockets.find(ep);
+               if (i == m_udp_sockets.end())
+                       return route();
+
+               ip::udp::endpoint src = socket.local_bound_to();
+               route network_route = m_config.channel_route(src.address(), ep.address());
+
+               // ask the socket for its incoming route
+               network_route.append(i->second->get_incoming_route());
+
+               return network_route;
+       }
+
+       void simulation::add_io_service(asio::io_context* ios)
+       {
+               bool added = m_nodes.insert(ios).second;
+               (void)added;
+               assert(added);
+       }
+
+       void simulation::remove_io_service(asio::io_context* ios)
+       {
+               auto it = m_nodes.find(ios);
+               assert(it != m_nodes.end());
+               m_nodes.erase(it);
+       }
+
+       std::vector<io_context*> simulation::get_all_io_services() const
+       {
+               std::vector<io_context*> ret;
+               ret.reserve(m_nodes.size());
+               std::remove_copy_if(
+                       m_nodes.begin(), m_nodes.end(), std::back_inserter(ret)
+                       , [](io_context* ios) { return ios->get_ips().empty(); });
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       void simulation::log_pcap(char const* filename)
+       {
+               std::printf("saving packet capture to: \"%s\"\n", filename);
+               m_pcap = std::unique_ptr<aux::pcap>(new aux::pcap(filename));
+       }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/simulator.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/simulator.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..0d004ad
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <set>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace asio {
+namespace ip {
+
+       default_config default_cfg;
+
+} // ip
+} // asio
+
+void forward_packet(aux::packet p)
+{
+       std::shared_ptr<sink> next_hop = p.hops.pop_front();
+       if (!next_hop)
+       {
+               std::fprintf(stderr, "packet lost\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       next_hop->incoming_packet(std::move(p));
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+       // this is a dummy sink for endpoints, wrapping an io_context
+       struct endpoint : sink
+       {
+               endpoint(asio::io_context& ioc)
+                       : m_ioc(ioc)
+               {}
+
+               virtual void incoming_packet(aux::packet /* p */) override final { assert(false); }
+
+               virtual std::string label() const override final
+               {
+                       std::string ret;
+                       for (auto const& ip : m_ioc.get_ips())
+                       {
+                               ret += ip.to_string();
+                               ret += " ";
+                       }
+                       return ret;
+               }
+
+               virtual std::string attributes() const override final
+               {
+                       return "shape=ellipse";
+               }
+
+       private:
+               asio::io_context& m_ioc;
+       };
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+       std::string escape_label(std::string n)
+       {
+               std::string ret;
+               for (auto c : n)
+               {
+                       if (c == '\n')
+                       {
+                               ret += "\\n";
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (c == '\"')
+                       {
+                               ret += "\\\"";
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       ret += c;
+               }
+               return ret;
+       }
+}
+
+void dump_network_graph(simulation const& s, const std::string& filename)
+{
+       // all edges (directed).
+       std::set<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<sink>, std::shared_ptr<sink>>> edges;
+
+       // all network nodes
+       std::unordered_set<std::shared_ptr<sink>> nodes;
+
+       // local nodes (subgrapgs)
+       std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::shared_ptr<sink>>> local_nodes;
+
+       const std::vector<asio::io_context*> io_services = s.get_all_io_services();
+
+       for (auto ioc : io_services)
+       {
+               std::shared_ptr<sink> ep = std::make_shared<endpoint>(*ioc);
+               local_nodes.push_back(std::unordered_set<std::shared_ptr<sink>>());
+               local_nodes.back().insert(ep);
+
+               for (auto const& ip : ioc->get_ips())
+               {
+                       route in = ioc->get_incoming_route(ip);
+                       route out = ioc->get_outgoing_route(ip);
+
+                       // this is the outgoing node for this endpoint. This is
+                       // how it connects to the network.
+                       const std::shared_ptr<sink> egress = out.empty() ? ep : out.last();
+
+                       // first add both the incoming and outgoing chains
+                       std::shared_ptr<sink> prev;
+                       while (!in.empty())
+                       {
+                               auto node = in.pop_front();
+                               local_nodes.back().insert(node);
+                               if (prev) edges.insert({prev, node});
+                               prev = node;
+                       }
+                       if (prev) edges.insert({prev, ep});
+
+                       prev = ep;
+                       while (!out.empty())
+                       {
+                               auto node = out.pop_front();
+                               local_nodes.back().insert(node);
+                               edges.insert({prev, node});
+                               prev = node;
+                       }
+
+                       // then connect the endpoint of those chains to the rest of the network.
+                       // Since the network may be arbitrarily complex, we actually have to
+                       // completely iterate over all other endpoints
+
+                       for (auto ios2 : io_services)
+                       {
+                               for (auto const& ip2 : ios2->get_ips())
+                               {
+                                       route network = s.config().channel_route(
+                                               ip, ip2);
+
+                                       std::shared_ptr<sink> last = ios2->get_incoming_route(ip2).next_hop();
+
+                                       prev = egress;
+                                       while (!network.empty())
+                                       {
+                                               auto node = network.pop_front();
+                                               nodes.insert(node);
+                                               edges.insert({prev, node});
+                                               prev = node;
+                                       }
+                                       edges.insert({prev, last});
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // by now, the nodes and edges should represent the complete graph. Render it
+       // into dot.
+
+       FILE* f = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w+");
+
+       std::fprintf(f, "digraph network {\n"
+               "concentrate=true;\n"
+               "overlap=scale;\n"
+               "splines=true;\n");
+
+       std::fprintf(f, "\n// nodes\n\n");
+
+       for (const auto& n : nodes)
+       {
+               std::string attributes = n->attributes();
+               std::fprintf(f, " \"%p\" [label=\"%s\",style=\"filled\",color=\"red\"%s%s];\n"
+                       , static_cast<void*>(n.get())
+                       , escape_label(n->label()).c_str()
+                       , attributes.empty() ? "" : ", "
+                       , attributes.c_str());
+       }
+
+       std::fprintf(f, "\n// local networks\n\n");
+
+       int idx = 0;
+       for (auto ln : local_nodes)
+       {
+               std::fprintf(f, "subgraph cluster_%d {\n", idx++);
+
+               for (const auto& n : ln)
+               {
+                       std::string attributes = n->attributes();
+                       std::fprintf(f, " \"%p\" [label=\"%s\",style=\"filled\",color=\"green\"%s%s];\n"
+                               , static_cast<void*>(n.get())
+                               , escape_label(n->label()).c_str()
+                               , attributes.empty() ? "" : ", "
+                               , attributes.c_str());
+               }
+
+               std::fprintf(f, "}\n");
+       }
+
+       std::fprintf(f, "\n// edges\n\n");
+
+       while (!edges.empty())
+       {
+               auto edge = *edges.begin();
+               edges.erase(edges.begin());
+
+               std::fprintf(f, "\"%p\" -> \"%p\"\n"
+                       , static_cast<void*>(edge.first.get())
+                       , static_cast<void*>(edge.second.get()));
+       }
+
+       std::fprintf(f, "}\n");
+       fclose(f);
+}
+
+namespace aux {
+
+       int channel::remote_idx(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& self) const
+       {
+               if (ep[0] == self) return 1;
+               if (ep[1] == self) return 0;
+               assert(false && "invalid socket");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       int channel::self_idx(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& self) const
+       {
+               if (ep[0] == self) return 0;
+               if (ep[1] == self) return 1;
+               assert(false && "invalid socket");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+} // aux
+} // sim
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/sink_forwarder.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/sink_forwarder.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e98dc2f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/sink_forwarder.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+
+namespace sim { namespace aux {
+
+       sink_forwarder::sink_forwarder(sink* dst)
+               : m_dst(dst)
+       {}
+
+       void sink_forwarder::incoming_packet(packet p)
+       {
+               if (m_dst == nullptr) return;
+               m_dst->incoming_packet(std::move(p));
+       }
+
+       std::string sink_forwarder::label() const
+       {
+               return m_dst ? m_dst->label() : "";
+       }
+
+       void sink_forwarder::reset(sink* s)
+       {
+               m_dst = s;
+       }
+
+}}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/socks_server.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/socks_server.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e0083ad
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1033 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/socks_server.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using namespace sim::asio::ip;
+
+using boost::system::error_code;
+
+namespace sim
+{
+       using namespace aux;
+
+       socks_server::socks_server(io_context& ios, unsigned short listen_port, int version
+               , std::uint32_t const flags)
+               : m_ios(ios)
+               , m_listen_socket(ios)
+               , m_conn(std::make_shared<socks_connection>(m_ios, version, m_cmd_counts, flags, m_bind_port))
+               , m_version(version)
+               , m_flags(flags)
+       {
+               m_cmd_counts.fill(0);
+               address local_ip = ios.get_ips().front();
+               if (local_ip.is_v4())
+               {
+                       m_listen_socket.open(tcp::v4());
+                       m_listen_socket.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v4::any(), listen_port));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_listen_socket.open(tcp::v6());
+                       m_listen_socket.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v6::any(), listen_port));
+               }
+               m_listen_socket.listen();
+
+               m_listen_socket.async_accept(m_conn->socket(), m_ep
+                       , std::bind(&socks_server::on_accept, this, std::placeholders::_1));
+       }
+
+       void socks_server::on_accept(error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted)
+                       return;
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_server::on_accept: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               std::printf("socks_server accepted connection from: %s : %d\n",
+                       m_ep.address().to_string().c_str(), m_ep.port());
+
+               m_conn->start();
+
+               // create a new connection to accept into
+               m_conn = std::make_shared<socks_connection>(m_ios, m_version, m_cmd_counts, m_flags, m_bind_port);
+
+               // now we can accept another connection
+               m_listen_socket.async_accept(m_conn->socket(), m_ep
+                       , std::bind(&socks_server::on_accept, this, std::placeholders::_1));
+       }
+
+       void socks_server::stop()
+       {
+               m_close = true;
+               m_listen_socket.close();
+       }
+
+       socks_connection::socks_connection(asio::io_context& ios
+               , int version, std::array<int, 3>& cmd_counts, std::uint32_t const flags, int& bind_port)
+               : m_bind_port(bind_port)
+               , m_ios(ios)
+               , m_udp_resolver(ios)
+               , m_resolver(m_ios)
+               , m_client_connection(ios)
+               , m_server_connection(m_ios)
+               , m_bind_socket(m_ios)
+               , m_udp_associate(m_ios)
+               , m_num_out_bytes(0)
+               , m_num_in_bytes(0)
+               , m_version(version)
+               , m_command(0)
+               , m_cmd_counts(cmd_counts)
+               , m_flags(flags)
+       {
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::start()
+       {
+               if (m_version == 4)
+               {
+                       asio::async_read(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_out_buffer[0], 9)
+                               , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_request1, shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+               } else {
+                       // read protocol version and number of auth-methods
+                       asio::async_read(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_out_buffer[0], 2)
+                               , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_handshake1, shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+               }
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_handshake1(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               if (ec || bytes_transferred != 2)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_handshake1: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (m_out_buffer[0] != 4 && m_out_buffer[0] != 5)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_handshake1: unexpected socks protocol version: %d"
+                               , int(m_out_buffer[0]));
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               int num_methods = unsigned(m_out_buffer[1]);
+
+               // read list of auth-methods
+               asio::async_read(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_out_buffer[0],
+                               num_methods)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_handshake2, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_handshake2(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_handshake2: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (std::count(m_out_buffer, m_out_buffer + bytes_transferred, 0) == 0)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection: could not find auth-method 0 (no-auth) in socks handshake\n");
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_in_buffer[0] = 5; // socks version
+               m_in_buffer[1] = 0; // auth-method (no-auth)
+
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], 2)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_handshake3, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_handshake3(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               if (ec || bytes_transferred != 2)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_handshake3: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               asio::async_read(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_out_buffer[0], 10)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_request1, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_request1(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               size_t const expected = m_version == 4 ? 9 : 10;
+               if (ec || bytes_transferred != expected)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | DST.ADDR | DST.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+
+               int const version = m_out_buffer[0];
+               int const command = m_out_buffer[1];
+               m_command = command;
+               ++m_cmd_counts[command - 1];
+
+               if (version != m_version)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: unexpected socks protocol version: %d expected: %d\n"
+                               , int(m_out_buffer[0]), m_version);
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (m_version == 4)
+               {
+                       if (command != 1 && command != 2)
+                       {
+                               std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: unexpected socks command: %d\n"
+                                       , command);
+                               close_connection();
+                               return;
+                       }
+
+                       std::uint16_t port = m_out_buffer[2] & 0xff;
+                       port <<= 8;
+                       port |= m_out_buffer[3] & 0xff;
+
+                       std::uint32_t addr = m_out_buffer[4] & 0xff;
+                       addr <<= 8;
+                       addr |= m_out_buffer[5] & 0xff;
+                       addr <<= 8;
+                       addr |= m_out_buffer[6] & 0xff;
+                       addr <<= 8;
+                       addr |= m_out_buffer[7] & 0xff;
+
+                       if (m_out_buffer[8] != 0)
+                       {
+                               // in this case, we would have to read one byte at a time until we
+                               // get to the null terminator.
+                               std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: username in SOCKS4 mode not supported\n");
+                               close_connection();
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       asio::ip::tcp::endpoint target(asio::ip::address_v4(addr), port);
+                       if (command == 1)
+                       {
+                               open_forward_connection(target);
+                       }
+                       else if (command == 2)
+                       {
+                               bind_connection(target);
+                       }
+
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (command != 1 && command != 2 && command != 3)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: unexpected command: %d\n"
+                               , command);
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (m_out_buffer[2] != 0)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: reserved byte is non-zero: %d\n"
+                               , int(m_out_buffer[2]));
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               int atyp = unsigned(m_out_buffer[3]);
+
+               if (atyp != 1 && atyp != 3 && atyp != 4)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_request1: unexpected address type in SOCKS request: %d\n"
+                               , atyp);
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               std::printf("socks_connection: received %s request address type: %d\n"
+                       , command == 1 ? "CONNECT"
+                       : command == 2 ? "BIND"
+                       : "UDP_ASSOCIATE", atyp);
+
+               switch (atyp)
+               {
+                       case 1: { // IPv4 address (we have the whole request already)
+
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | 4        |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+
+                               std::uint32_t addr = m_out_buffer[4] & 0xff;
+                               addr <<= 8;
+                               addr |= m_out_buffer[5] & 0xff;
+                               addr <<= 8;
+                               addr |= m_out_buffer[6] & 0xff;
+                               addr <<= 8;
+                               addr |= m_out_buffer[7] & 0xff;
+
+                               std::uint16_t port = m_out_buffer[8] & 0xff;
+                               port <<= 8;
+                               port |= m_out_buffer[9] & 0xff;
+
+                               asio::ip::tcp::endpoint target(asio::ip::address_v4(addr), port);
+                               if (command == 1)
+                               {
+                                       open_forward_connection(target);
+                               }
+                               else if (command == 2)
+                               {
+                                       bind_connection(target);
+                               }
+                               else if (command == 3)
+                               {
+                                       if (target.address() == address())
+                                       {
+                                               target.address(m_client_connection.remote_endpoint().address());
+                                       }
+                                       udp_associate(target);
+                               }
+
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       case 3: { // domain name
+
+// +----+-----+-------+------+-----+----------+----------+
+// |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | LEN | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+-----+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | 1   | Variable |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+-----+----------+----------+
+
+                               if (command == 2)
+                               {
+                                       std::printf("ERROR: cannot BIND to hostname address (only IPv4 or IPv6 addresses)\n");
+                                       close_connection();
+                                       return;
+                               }
+
+                               const int len = std::uint8_t(m_out_buffer[4]);
+                               // we already read an address of length 4, assuming it was an IPv4
+                               // address. Now, with a domain name, one of those bytes was the
+                               // length-prefix, but we still read 3 bytes already.
+                               const int additional_bytes = len - 3;
+                               asio::async_read(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_out_buffer[10], additional_bytes)
+                                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_request_domain_name
+                                               , shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       case 4: // IPv6 address
+
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | 16       |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+
+                               std::printf("ERROR: unsupported address type %d\n", atyp);
+                               close_connection();
+               }
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_request_domain_name(error_code const& ec, size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_request_domain_name(%s): (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               int const buffer_size = int(10 + bytes_transferred);
+
+               std::uint16_t port = m_out_buffer[buffer_size - 2] & 0xff;
+               port <<= 8;
+               port |= m_out_buffer[buffer_size - 1] & 0xff;
+
+               std::string hostname(&m_out_buffer[5], std::uint8_t(m_out_buffer[4]));
+               std::printf("socks_connection::on_request_domain_name(%s): hostname: %s port: %d\n"
+                       , command(), hostname.c_str(), port);
+
+               char port_str[10];
+               std::snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str), "%d", port);
+               m_resolver.async_resolve(hostname, port_str
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_request_domain_lookup
+                               , shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_request_domain_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type const ips)
+       {
+               if (ec || ips.empty())
+               {
+                       if (ec)
+                       {
+                               std::printf("socks_connection::on_request_domain_lookup(%s): (%d) %s\n"
+                                       , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               std::printf("socks_connection::on_request_domain_lookup(%s): empty response\n"
+                                       , command());
+                       }
+
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// |VER | REP |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+
+                       m_in_buffer[0] = char(m_version); // version
+                       m_in_buffer[1] = 4; // response (host unreachable)
+                       m_in_buffer[2] = 0; // reserved
+                       m_in_buffer[3] = 1; // IPv4
+                       memset(&m_in_buffer[4], 0, 4);
+                       m_in_buffer[8] = 0; // port
+                       m_in_buffer[9] = 0;
+
+                       auto self = shared_from_this();
+                       asio::async_write(m_client_connection
+                               , asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], 10)
+                               , [=](boost::system::error_code const&, size_t)
+                               {
+                                       self->close_connection();
+                               });
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               std::printf("socks_connection::on_request_domain_lookup(%s): connecting to: %s port: %d\n"
+                       , command()
+                       , ips.front().endpoint().address().to_string().c_str()
+                       , ips.front().endpoint().port());
+               open_forward_connection(ips.front().endpoint());
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::open_forward_connection(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& target)
+       {
+               std::printf("socks_connection::open_forward_connection(%s): connecting to %s port %d\n"
+                       , command(), target.address().to_string().c_str(), target.port());
+
+               m_server_connection.open(target.protocol());
+               m_server_connection.async_connect(target
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_connected, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::bind_connection(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& target)
+       {
+               std::printf("socks_connection::bind_connection(%s): binding to %s port %d\n"
+                       , command(), target.address().to_string().c_str(), target.port());
+
+               error_code ec;
+               m_bind_socket.open(target.protocol(), ec);
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("ERROR: open bind socket failed: (%d) %s\n", ec.value()
+                               , ec.message().c_str());
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_bind_socket.bind(target, ec);
+               }
+
+               int const response = ec
+                       ? (m_version == 4 ? 91 : 1)
+                       : (m_version == 4 ? 90 : 0);
+               tcp::endpoint ep = m_bind_socket.local_endpoint();
+               int const len = format_response(ep.address(), ep.port(), response);
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("ERROR: binding socket to %s %d failed: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , target.address().to_string().c_str()
+                               , target.port()
+                               , ec.value()
+                               , ec.message().c_str());
+
+                       auto self = shared_from_this();
+
+                       asio::async_write(m_client_connection
+                               , asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], len)
+                               , [=](boost::system::error_code const&, size_t)
+                               {
+                                       self->close_connection();
+                               });
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               // send response
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection
+                       , asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], len)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::start_accept, shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::udp_associate(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& target)
+       {
+               std::printf("socks_connection::udp_associate(%s): %s:%d\n"
+                       , command(), target.address().to_string().c_str(), target.port());
+
+               m_udp_associate_ep.address(target.address());
+               m_udp_associate_ep.port(target.port());
+
+               error_code ec;
+               m_udp_associate.open(m_udp_associate_ep.protocol(), ec);
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("ERROR: open UDP associate socket failed: (%d) %s\n", ec.value()
+                               , ec.message().c_str());
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_udp_associate.bind(udp::endpoint(address_v4(), std::uint16_t(m_bind_port++)), ec);
+                       if (ec)
+                       {
+                               std::printf("ERROR: binding socket failed: (%d) %s\n"
+                                       , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               m_udp_associate.non_blocking(true);
+                               m_udp_associate.async_receive_from(boost::asio::buffer(m_udp_buffer)
+                                       , m_udp_from, 0, std::bind(&socks_connection::on_read_udp, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+                       }
+               }
+
+               int const response = ec ? 1 : 0;
+               udp::endpoint ep = m_udp_associate.local_bound_to();
+               int const len = (m_flags & udp_associate_respond_empty_hostname)
+                       ? format_hostname_response("foobar", ep.port(), response)
+                       : format_response(ep.address(), ep.port(), response);
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       auto self = shared_from_this();
+
+                       asio::async_write(m_client_connection
+                               , asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], len)
+                               , [=](boost::system::error_code const&, size_t)
+                               {
+                                       self->close_connection();
+                               });
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               // send response
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], len)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::wait_for_eof, shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::wait_for_eof(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::wait_for_eof: %s\n", ec.message().c_str());
+                       m_udp_associate.close();
+                       m_udp_associate_ep = udp::endpoint();
+                       m_client_connection.close();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (m_flags & socks_flag::disconnect_udp_associate)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::wait_for_eof: closing connection prematurely\n");
+                       m_client_connection.close();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_client_connection.async_read_some(
+                       asio::buffer(m_out_buffer)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::wait_for_eof, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_read_udp(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               std::printf("socks_connection::on_read_udp\n");
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::on_read_udp: %s\n", ec.message().c_str());
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               // if the client didn't specify an IP and port it would send packets from,
+               // we assumed the same IP as the TCP connection and assume the port is the
+               // same as the first UDP packet from that host
+               if (m_udp_associate_ep.port() == 0
+                       && m_udp_from.address() == m_udp_associate_ep.address())
+               {
+                       m_udp_associate_ep.port(m_udp_from.port());
+               }
+
+               if (m_udp_from == m_udp_associate_ep)
+               {
+                       // read UDP ASSICOATE header and forward outgoing packet
+                       // +----+------+------+----------+----------+----------+
+                       // |RSV | FRAG | ATYP | DST.ADDR | DST.PORT |   DATA   |
+                       // +----+------+------+----------+----------+----------+
+                       // | 2  |  1   |  1   | Variable |    2     | Variable |
+                       // +----+------+------+----------+----------+----------+
+
+                       char const* buf = m_udp_buffer.data();
+                       if (buf[2] != 0) std::printf("fragment != 0, not supported\n");
+
+                       int const atyp = buf[3];
+                       if (atyp == 3)
+                       {
+                               // hostname
+                               int const len = buf[4];
+
+                               buf += 5;
+                               bytes_transferred -= 5;
+                               std::string const hostname(buf, len);
+                               buf += len;
+                               bytes_transferred -= len;
+
+                               std::uint16_t port = buf[0] & 0xff;
+                               port <<= 8;
+                               port |= buf[1] & 0xff;
+                               buf += 2;
+                               bytes_transferred -= 2;
+
+                               auto it = m_name_mapping.right.find(hostname);
+                               if (it != m_name_mapping.right.end())
+                               {
+                                       error_code err;
+                                       m_udp_associate.send_to(boost::asio::buffer(buf, bytes_transferred)
+                                               , udp::endpoint(it->second, port), 0, err);
+                                       if (err) std::printf("send_to failed: %s\n", err.message().c_str());
+                                       return;
+                               }
+
+                               std::vector<char> forward_buffer(buf, buf + bytes_transferred);
+
+                               m_udp_resolver.async_resolve(hostname.c_str(), std::to_string(port).c_str()
+                                       , [buf=std::move(forward_buffer), hostname, this]
+                                               (error_code const& ec, asio::ip::udp::resolver::results_type ips)
+                                       {
+                                               if (ec)
+                                               {
+                                                       std::printf("resolve failed: %s\n", ec.message().c_str());
+                                                       return;
+                                               }
+
+                                               for (auto const& ip : ips)
+                                               {
+                                                       auto const target = ip.endpoint();
+                                                       error_code err;
+                                                       m_udp_associate.send_to(boost::asio::buffer(buf)
+                                                               , target, 0, err);
+                                                       if (!err)
+                                                       {
+                                                               m_name_mapping.insert({target.address(), hostname});
+                                                               break;
+                                                       }
+                                                       std::printf("send_to failed: %s\n", err.message().c_str());
+                                               }
+                                       });
+                       }
+                       else if (atyp == 1)
+                       {
+                               // IPv4
+                               std::uint32_t addr = buf[4] & 0xff;
+                               addr <<= 8;
+                               addr |= buf[5] & 0xff;
+                               addr <<= 8;
+                               addr |= buf[6] & 0xff;
+                               addr <<= 8;
+                               addr |= buf[7] & 0xff;
+
+                               std::uint16_t port = buf[8] & 0xff;
+                               port <<= 8;
+                               port |= buf[9] & 0xff;
+
+                               buf += 10;
+                               bytes_transferred -= 10;
+
+                               asio::ip::udp::endpoint const target(address_v4(addr), port);
+
+                               error_code err;
+                               m_udp_associate.send_to(boost::asio::buffer(buf, bytes_transferred), target, 0, err);
+                               if (err) std::printf("send_to failed: %s\n", err.message().c_str());
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               std::printf("only supports IPv4 and hostname. ATYP: %d\n", atyp);
+                       }
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       std::uint16_t const from_port = m_udp_from.port();
+
+                       auto it = m_name_mapping.left.find(m_udp_from.address());
+                       if (it != m_name_mapping.left.end())
+                       {
+                               std::vector<char> header(7 + it->second.size());
+                               header[0] = 0; // RSV
+                               header[1] = 0;
+                               header[2] = 0; // fragment
+                               header[3] = 3; // ATYP
+                               header[4] = static_cast<char>(it->second.size());
+                               int idx = 5;
+                               std::copy(it->second.begin(), it->second.end(), header.data() + idx);
+                               idx += static_cast<int>(it->second.size());
+                               header[idx] = (from_port >> 8) & 0xff;
+                               header[idx + 1] = from_port & 0xff;
+
+                               std::array<boost::asio::const_buffer, 2> vec{{
+                                       {header.data(), header.size()},
+                                       {m_udp_buffer.data(), bytes_transferred}}};
+
+                               error_code err;
+                               m_udp_associate.send_to(vec, m_udp_associate_ep, 0, err);
+                               if (err) std::printf("send_to failed: %s\n", err.message().c_str());
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               // add UDP ASSOCIATE header and forward to client
+                               std::uint32_t const from_addr = m_udp_from.address().to_v4().to_uint();
+                               std::array<char, 10> header;
+                               header[0] = 0; // RSV
+                               header[1] = 0;
+                               header[2] = 0; // fragment
+                               header[3] = 1; // ATYP
+                               header[4] = (from_addr >> 24) & 0xff; // Address
+                               header[5] = (from_addr >> 16) & 0xff;
+                               header[6] = (from_addr >> 8) & 0xff;
+                               header[7] = (from_addr) & 0xff;
+                               header[8] = (from_port >> 8) & 0xff;
+                               header[9] = from_port & 0xff;
+
+                               std::array<boost::asio::const_buffer, 2> vec{{
+                                       {header.data(), header.size()},
+                                       {m_udp_buffer.data(), bytes_transferred}}};
+
+                               error_code err;
+                               m_udp_associate.send_to(vec, m_udp_associate_ep, 0, err);
+                               if (err) std::printf("send_to failed: %s\n", err.message().c_str());
+                       }
+               }
+
+               m_udp_associate.async_receive_from(boost::asio::buffer(m_udp_buffer)
+                       , m_udp_from, 0, std::bind(&socks_connection::on_read_udp, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::start_accept(boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): error writing to client: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_bind_socket.listen();
+               m_bind_socket.async_accept(m_server_connection
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_connected
+                               , shared_from_this(), std::placeholders::_1));
+
+               m_client_connection.async_read_some(
+                       sim::asio::buffer(m_out_buffer)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_client_receive, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       int socks_connection::format_response(address const& addr, int const port
+               , int const response)
+       {
+               int i = 0;
+               if (m_version == 5)
+               {
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// |VER | REP |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = char(m_version); // version
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = char(response); // response
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = 0; // reserved
+                       if (addr.is_v4())
+                       {
+                               m_in_buffer[i++] = 1; // IPv4
+                               address_v4::bytes_type b = addr.to_v4().to_bytes();
+                               memcpy(&m_in_buffer[i], &b[0], b.size());
+                               i += int(b.size());
+                       } else {
+                               m_in_buffer[i++] = 4; // IPv6
+                               address_v6::bytes_type b = addr.to_v6().to_bytes();
+                               memcpy(&m_in_buffer[i], &b[0], b.size());
+                               i += int(b.size());
+                       }
+
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = (port >> 8) & 0xff;
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = port & 0xff;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = 0; // response version
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = char(response); // return code
+
+                       assert(addr.is_v4());
+
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = (port >> 8) & 0xff;
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = port & 0xff;
+
+                       address_v4::bytes_type b = addr.to_v4().to_bytes();
+                       memcpy(&m_in_buffer[i], &b[0], b.size());
+                       i += int(b.size());
+               }
+               return i;
+       }
+
+       int socks_connection::format_hostname_response(char const* hostname, int const port
+               , int const response)
+       {
+               int i = 0;
+               if (m_version != 5)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection: hostname response requires SOCKS v5\n");
+                       close_connection();
+                       return 0;
+               }
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// |VER | REP |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+// | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
+// +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
+
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = char(m_version); // version
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = char(response); // response
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = 0; // reserved
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = 3; // DOMAINNAME
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = std::uint8_t(::strlen(hostname));
+               for (; *hostname != '\0'; ++hostname)
+                       m_in_buffer[i++] = *hostname;
+
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = (port >> 8) & 0xff;
+               m_in_buffer[i++] = port & 0xff;
+               return i;
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("socks_connection(%s): on_connect: (%d) %s\n"
+                       , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+
+               if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted
+                       || ec == boost::system::errc::bad_file_descriptor)
+               {
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               boost::system::error_code err;
+               asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const ep = m_server_connection.remote_endpoint(err);
+               if (!err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): remote_endpoint: %s %d\n"
+                               , command(), ep.address().to_string().c_str(), ep.port());
+               }
+
+               int const response = ec
+                       ? (m_version == 4 ? 91 : 5)
+                       : (m_version == 4 ? 90 : 0);
+               int const len = format_response(ep.address(), ep.port(), response);
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): failed to connect to/accept from target server: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+
+                       auto self = shared_from_this();
+
+                       asio::async_write(m_client_connection
+                               , asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], len)
+                               , [=](boost::system::error_code const&, size_t)
+                               {
+                                       self->close_connection();
+                               });
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               auto self = shared_from_this();
+
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection
+                       , asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], len)
+                       , [this, self](boost::system::error_code const& ec, size_t)
+                       {
+                               if (ec)
+                               {
+                                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): error writing to client: (%d) %s\n"
+                                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                                       return;
+                               }
+
+                       // read from the client and from the server
+                       self->m_server_connection.async_read_some(
+                               sim::asio::buffer(m_in_buffer)
+                               , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_server_receive, self
+                                       , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+                       self->m_client_connection.async_read_some(
+                               sim::asio::buffer(m_out_buffer)
+                               , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_client_receive, self
+                                       , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+                       });
+       }
+
+       // we received some data from the client, forward it to the server
+       void socks_connection::on_client_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               // bad file descriptor means the socket has been closed. Whoever closed
+               // the socket will have opened a new one, we cannot call
+               // close_connection()
+               if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted
+                       || ec == boost::system::errc::bad_file_descriptor)
+                       return;
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection (%s): error reading from client: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+               asio::async_write(m_server_connection, asio::buffer(&m_out_buffer[0], bytes_transferred)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_client_forward, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_client_forward(error_code const& ec
+               , size_t /* bytes_transferred */)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): error writing to server: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_client_connection.async_read_some(
+                       sim::asio::buffer(m_out_buffer)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_client_receive, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       // we received some data from the server, forward it to the server
+       void socks_connection::on_server_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+               , std::size_t bytes_transferred)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): error reading from server: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               asio::async_write(m_client_connection, asio::buffer(&m_in_buffer[0], bytes_transferred)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_server_forward, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::on_server_forward(error_code const& ec
+               , size_t /* bytes_transferred */)
+       {
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection(%s): error writing to client: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , command(), ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       close_connection();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_server_connection.async_read_some(
+                       sim::asio::buffer(m_in_buffer)
+                       , std::bind(&socks_connection::on_server_receive, shared_from_this()
+                               , std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
+       }
+
+       void socks_connection::close_connection()
+       {
+               error_code err;
+               m_client_connection.close(err);
+               if (err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::close: failed to close client connection (%d) %s\n"
+                               , err.value(), err.message().c_str());
+               }
+               m_server_connection.close(err);
+               if (err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::close: failed to close server connection (%d) %s\n"
+                               , err.value(), err.message().c_str());
+               }
+
+               m_bind_socket.close(err);
+               if (err)
+               {
+                       std::printf("socks_connection::close: failed to close bind socket (%d) %s\n"
+                               , err.value(), err.message().c_str());
+               }
+       }
+
+       char const* socks_connection::command() const
+       {
+               switch (m_command)
+               {
+                       case 1: return "CONNECT";
+                       case 2: return "BIND";
+                       case 3: return "UDP_ASSOCIATE";
+                       default: return "UNKNOWN";
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/tcp_socket.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/tcp_socket.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..173de68
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,929 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+#include "simulator/pcap.hpp"
+#include "simulator/handler_allocator.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/function.hpp>
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace asio {
+namespace ip {
+
+       tcp::socket::socket(io_context& ios)
+               : socket_base(ios)
+               , m_connect_timer(ios)
+               , m_recv_timer(ios)
+       {}
+
+       tcp::socket::socket(socket&& s)
+               : socket_base(std::move(s))
+               , m_connect_handler(std::move(s.m_connect_handler))
+               , m_connect_timer(std::move(s.m_connect_timer))
+               , m_mss(s.m_mss)
+               , m_send_handler(std::move(s.m_send_handler))
+               , m_wait_send_handler(std::move(s.m_wait_send_handler))
+               , m_send_buffer(std::move(s.m_send_buffer))
+               , m_incoming_queue(std::move(s.m_incoming_queue))
+               , m_queue_size(std::move(s.m_queue_size))
+               , m_recv_handler(std::move(s.m_recv_handler))
+               , m_wait_recv_handler(std::move(s.m_wait_recv_handler))
+               , m_recv_buffer(std::move(s.m_recv_buffer))
+               , m_recv_timer(std::move(s.m_recv_timer))
+               , m_is_v4(std::move(s.m_is_v4))
+               , m_recv_null_buffers(std::move(s.m_recv_null_buffers))
+               , m_send_null_buffers(std::move(s.m_send_null_buffers))
+               , m_channel(std::move(s.m_channel))
+               , m_next_outgoing_seq(std::move(s.m_next_outgoing_seq))
+               , m_next_incoming_seq(std::move(s.m_next_incoming_seq))
+               , m_last_drop_seq(std::move(s.m_last_drop_seq))
+               , m_cwnd(std::move(s.m_cwnd))
+               , m_bytes_in_flight(std::move(s.m_bytes_in_flight))
+               , m_reorder_buffer(std::move(s.m_reorder_buffer))
+               , m_outstanding_packet_sizes(std::move(s.m_outstanding_packet_sizes))
+               , m_outgoing_packets(std::move(s.m_outgoing_packets))
+       {
+               if (m_forwarder) m_forwarder->reset(this);
+               s.m_forwarder.reset();
+               s.m_open = false;
+               s.m_bound_to = ip::tcp::endpoint();
+
+               if (m_bound_to != ip::tcp::endpoint())
+                       m_io_service.rebind_socket(&s, this, m_bound_to);
+       }
+
+       tcp::socket::~socket()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+
+               m_channel.reset();
+
+               if (m_bound_to != ip::tcp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       m_io_service.unbind_socket(this, m_bound_to);
+                       m_bound_to = ip::tcp::endpoint();
+                       m_user_bound_to = ip::tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+               m_open = false;
+
+               // prevent any more packets from being delivered to this socket
+               if (m_forwarder)
+               {
+                       m_forwarder->reset();
+                       m_forwarder.reset();
+               }
+               cancel(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::open(tcp protocol, boost::system::error_code& ec) try
+       {
+               close(ec);
+               m_open = true;
+               m_is_v4 = (protocol == ip::tcp::v4());
+               ec.clear();
+               m_forwarder = std::make_shared<aux::sink_forwarder>(this);
+       }
+       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+       {
+               ec = make_error_code(boost::system::errc::not_enough_memory);
+       }
+       catch (boost::system::system_error const& err)
+       {
+               ec = err.code();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::open(tcp protocol)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               open(protocol, ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       // used to attach an incoming connection to this
+       void tcp::socket::internal_connect(tcp::endpoint const& bind_ip
+               , std::shared_ptr<aux::channel> const& c
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               open(m_is_v4 ? tcp::v4() : tcp::v6(), ec);
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       std::printf("tcp::socket::internal_connect() error: (%d) %s\n"
+                               , ec.value(), ec.message().c_str());
+                       return;
+               }
+               m_bound_to = bind_ip;
+               m_user_bound_to = bind_ip;
+               m_channel = c;
+               assert(m_forwarder);
+               c->hops[1].replace_last(m_forwarder);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::bind(ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec) try
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = error::bad_descriptor;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (ep.address().is_v4() != m_is_v4)
+               {
+                       ec = error::address_family_not_supported;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               ip::tcp::endpoint addr = m_io_service.bind_socket(this, ep, ec);
+               if (ec) return;
+               m_bound_to = addr;
+               m_user_bound_to = addr;
+       }
+       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+       {
+               ec = make_error_code(boost::system::errc::not_enough_memory);
+       }
+       catch (boost::system::system_error const& err)
+       {
+               ec = err.code();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::bind(ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               bind(ep, ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::close()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               close(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::close(boost::system::error_code& ec) try
+       {
+               if (m_channel)
+               {
+                       int const remote = m_channel->remote_idx(m_bound_to);
+                       route hops = m_channel->hops[remote];
+
+                       // if m_connect_handler is still set, it means the connection hasn't
+                       // been established yet, and this channel points to the acceptor
+                       // socket, not another open TCP connection.
+                       if (!hops.empty() && !m_connect_handler)
+                       {
+                               aux::packet p;
+                               p.type = aux::packet::type_t::error;
+                               p.ec = asio::error::eof;
+                               p.from = asio::ip::udp::endpoint(
+                                       m_bound_to.address(), m_bound_to.port());
+                               p.overhead = 40;
+                               p.hops = hops;
+                               p.seq_nr = m_next_outgoing_seq++;
+                               send_packet(std::move(p));
+                       }
+                       m_channel.reset();
+               }
+
+               if (m_bound_to != ip::tcp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       m_io_service.unbind_socket(this, m_bound_to);
+                       m_bound_to = ip::tcp::endpoint();
+                       m_user_bound_to = ip::tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+               m_open = false;
+
+               // prevent any more packets from being delivered to this socket
+               if (m_forwarder)
+               {
+                       m_forwarder->reset();
+                       m_forwarder.reset();
+               }
+
+               // reset socket state
+               m_queue_size = 0;
+               m_mss = 1475;
+               m_cwnd = m_mss * 2;
+               m_bytes_in_flight = 0;
+               m_outstanding_packet_sizes.clear();
+               m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+               m_send_null_buffers = false;
+               m_next_incoming_seq = 0;
+               m_next_outgoing_seq = 0;
+               m_last_drop_seq = 0;
+
+               cancel(ec);
+
+               ec.clear();
+       }
+       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+       {
+               ec = make_error_code(boost::system::errc::not_enough_memory);
+       }
+       catch (boost::system::system_error const& err)
+       {
+               ec = err.code();
+       }
+
+       std::size_t tcp::socket::available(boost::system::error_code& ec) const
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::bad_descriptor);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               if (!m_channel)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::not_connected);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               if (m_incoming_queue.empty())
+               {
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               std::size_t ret = 0;
+               for (aux::packet const& p : m_incoming_queue)
+               {
+                       if (p.type == aux::packet::type_t::error)
+                       {
+                               if (ret > 0) return ret;
+
+                               // if the read buffer is drained and there is an error, report that
+                               // error.
+                               ec = p.ec;
+                               return 0;
+                       }
+                       ret += p.buffer.size();
+               }
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t tcp::socket::available() const
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               std::size_t ret = available(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::cancel(boost::system::error_code&)
+       {
+               abort_recv_handlers();
+               abort_send_handlers();
+
+               if (m_connect_handler)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_connect_handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted))));
+                       m_connect_handler = nullptr;
+               }
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::cancel()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               cancel(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       tcp::endpoint tcp::socket::remote_endpoint(boost::system::error_code& ec) const
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = error::bad_descriptor;
+                       return tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               if (!m_channel)
+               {
+                       ec = error::not_connected;
+                       return tcp::endpoint();
+               }
+
+               int const remote = m_channel->remote_idx(m_bound_to);
+               return m_channel->visible_ep[remote];
+       }
+
+       tcp::endpoint tcp::socket::remote_endpoint() const
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               tcp::endpoint ret = remote_endpoint(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::async_connect(tcp::endpoint const& target
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> h)
+       {
+               if (!m_open) open(target.protocol());
+
+               assert(h);
+               assert(!m_connect_handler);
+
+               // find remote socket
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               if (m_bound_to.address() == ip::address())
+               {
+                       auto endpoint = ip::tcp::endpoint();
+                       if (target.address().is_v4()) {
+                               endpoint.address(ip::address_v4::any());
+                       } else {
+                               endpoint.address(ip::address_v6::any());
+                       }
+                       ip::tcp::endpoint addr = m_io_service.bind_socket(this
+                               , endpoint, ec);
+                       if (ec)
+                       {
+                               post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(h), ec)));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       m_bound_to = addr;
+                       m_user_bound_to = addr;
+               }
+               if (m_bound_to.address().is_v4() != target.address().is_v4())
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(h),
+                               boost::system::error_code(error::address_family_not_supported))));
+                       return;
+               }
+               m_channel = m_io_service.internal_connect(this, target, ec);
+               m_mss = m_io_service.get_path_mtu(m_bound_to.address(), target.address());
+               m_cwnd = m_mss * 2;
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       m_channel.reset();
+                       // TODO: ask the policy object what the round-trip to this endpoint is
+                       m_connect_timer.expires_after(chrono::milliseconds(50));
+                       m_connect_timer.async_wait(aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(h), ec)));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_connect_handler = std::move(h);
+
+               // the acceptor socket will call internal_connect_complete once the
+               // connection is established
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::abort_recv_handlers()
+       {
+               if (m_recv_handler) post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_recv_handler)
+                       , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted), std::size_t(0))));
+
+               if (m_wait_recv_handler) post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_wait_recv_handler)
+                       , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted))));
+
+               m_recv_timer.cancel();
+               m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+               m_wait_recv_handler = nullptr;
+               m_recv_buffer.clear();
+               m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::abort_send_handlers()
+       {
+               if (m_send_handler) post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_send_handler)
+                       , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted), std::size_t(0))));
+
+               if (m_wait_send_handler) post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_wait_send_handler)
+                       , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted))));
+
+               m_send_handler = nullptr;
+               m_wait_send_handler = nullptr;
+               m_send_buffer.clear();
+               m_send_null_buffers = false;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::async_write_some_impl(std::vector<boost::asio::const_buffer> const& bufs
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)> handler)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               std::size_t const bytes_transferred = write_some_impl(bufs, ec);
+               if (ec == boost::system::error_code(error::would_block))
+               {
+                       m_send_handler = std::move(handler);
+                       m_send_buffer = bufs;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec, std::size_t(0))));
+                       m_send_handler = nullptr;
+                       m_send_buffer.clear();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               boost::system::error_code no_error;
+               post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), no_error
+                       , bytes_transferred)));
+               m_send_handler = nullptr;
+               m_send_buffer.clear();
+       }
+
+       std::size_t tcp::socket::write_some_impl(
+               std::vector<boost::asio::const_buffer> const& bufs
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::bad_descriptor);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               if (!m_channel)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::not_connected);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               // the connect handler is used as proxy that this socket has not competed
+               // the connection yet. We're still waiting for SYN+ACK
+               if (m_connect_handler)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::would_block);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               int const remote = m_channel->remote_idx(m_bound_to);
+               route hops = m_channel->hops[remote];
+               if (hops.empty())
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::not_connected);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               if (m_bytes_in_flight + m_mss > m_cwnd)
+               {
+                       // this indicates that the send buffer is very large, we should
+                       // probably not be able to stuff more bytes down it
+                       // wait for the receiving end to pop some bytes off
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::would_block);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               std::size_t ret = 0;
+
+               for (auto const& buf : bufs)
+               {
+                       // split up in packets
+                       int buf_size = int(buf.size());
+                       std::uint8_t const* ptr = static_cast<std::uint8_t const*>(buf.data());
+                       while (buf_size > 0)
+                       {
+                               int packet_size = (std::min)(buf_size, m_mss);
+                               aux::packet p;
+                               p.type = aux::packet::type_t::payload;
+                               p.buffer.assign(ptr, ptr + packet_size);
+                               p.from = asio::ip::udp::endpoint(
+                                       m_bound_to.address(), m_bound_to.port());
+                               p.overhead = 40;
+                               p.hops = hops;
+                               p.seq_nr = m_next_outgoing_seq++;
+                               p.drop_fun = std::bind(&tcp::socket::packet_dropped, this, _1);
+
+                               send_packet(std::move(p));
+                               ptr += packet_size;
+                               buf_size -= packet_size;
+                               ret += packet_size;
+
+                               if (m_bytes_in_flight + m_mss > m_cwnd)
+                               {
+                                       // the congestion window is full
+                                       if (ret == 0)
+                                       {
+                                               ec = boost::system::error_code(error::would_block);
+                                               return 0;
+                                       }
+
+                                       return ret;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t tcp::socket::read_some_impl(
+               std::vector<boost::asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               // a zero-sized read always completes immediately with 0 bytes;
+               // boost.asio's SSL implementation relies on this to post a
+               // completion handler without transferring any data.
+               if (boost::asio::buffer_size(bufs) == 0)
+               {
+                       ec.clear();
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               assert(!bufs.empty());
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::bad_descriptor);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               if (!m_channel)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::not_connected);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               if (m_connect_handler)
+               {
+                       // the socket is not done connecting yet
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::would_block);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               if (m_incoming_queue.empty())
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::would_block);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               typedef std::vector<boost::asio::mutable_buffer> buffers_t;
+               m_recv_buffer = bufs;
+               buffers_t::iterator recv_iter = m_recv_buffer.begin();
+               int total_received = 0;
+               // the offset in the current receive buffer we're writing to. i.e. the
+               // buffer recv_iter points to
+               int buf_offset = 0;
+
+               while (!m_incoming_queue.empty())
+               {
+                       aux::packet& p = m_incoming_queue.front();
+
+                       if (p.type == aux::packet::type_t::error)
+                       {
+                               // if we have received bytes also, first deliver those. In the next
+                               // read, deliver the error
+                               if (total_received > 0) break;
+
+                               assert(p.ec);
+                               ec = p.ec;
+                               m_incoming_queue.erase(m_incoming_queue.begin());
+                               m_channel.reset();
+                               return 0;
+                       }
+                       else if (p.type == aux::packet::type_t::payload)
+                       {
+                               // copy bytes from the incoming queue into the receive buffer.
+                               // both are vectors of buffer, so it can get a bit hairy
+                               while (recv_iter != m_recv_buffer.end())
+                               {
+                                       int const buf_size = int(recv_iter->size());
+                                       int const copy_size = (std::min)(int(p.buffer.size())
+                                               , buf_size - buf_offset);
+
+                                       memcpy(static_cast<char*>(recv_iter->data()) + buf_offset
+                                               , p.buffer.data(), copy_size);
+
+                                       p.buffer.erase(p.buffer.begin(), p.buffer.begin() + copy_size);
+                                       m_queue_size -= copy_size;
+
+                                       buf_offset += copy_size;
+                                       assert(buf_offset <= buf_size);
+                                       total_received += copy_size;
+                                       if (buf_offset == buf_size)
+                                       {
+                                               ++recv_iter;
+                                               buf_offset = 0;
+                                       }
+
+                                       if (p.buffer.empty())
+                                       {
+                                               m_incoming_queue.erase(m_incoming_queue.begin());
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               assert(false);
+                       }
+
+                       if (recv_iter == m_recv_buffer.end())
+                               break;
+               }
+
+               assert(total_received > 0);
+
+               ec.clear();
+               return total_received;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::async_read_some_impl(std::vector<boost::asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&, std::size_t)> handler)
+       {
+               // a zero-sized read always completes immediately with 0 bytes
+               // transferred, regardless of connection or queue state. boost.asio's
+               // SSL implementation relies on this to bounce a completion handler
+               // through the executor without actually transferring any data.
+               if (boost::asio::buffer_size(bufs) == 0)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(), std::size_t(0))));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               assert(!bufs.empty());
+
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               std::size_t bytes_transferred = read_some_impl(bufs, ec);
+               if (ec == boost::system::error_code(error::would_block))
+               {
+                       assert(m_incoming_queue.empty());
+
+                       m_recv_buffer = bufs;
+                       m_recv_handler = std::move(handler);
+                       m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec, std::size_t(0))));
+                       m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+                       m_recv_buffer.clear();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec, bytes_transferred)));
+               m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+               m_recv_buffer.clear();
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::async_wait_read_impl(
+               aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               // null_buffers notifies the handler when data is available, without
+               // reading any
+               int const bytes = int(available(ec));
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec)));
+                       m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+                       m_recv_buffer.clear();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (bytes > 0)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec)));
+                       m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+                       m_recv_buffer.clear();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_wait_recv_handler = std::move(handler);
+               m_recv_null_buffers = true;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::async_wait_write_impl(
+               aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler)
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code const ec(error::bad_descriptor);
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec)));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (!m_channel)
+               {
+                       boost::system::error_code const ec(error::not_connected);
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec)));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (!m_connect_handler && m_bytes_in_flight + m_mss <= m_cwnd)
+               {
+                       // the socket is writable right now. complete immediately without
+                       // actually writing anything, this is the null_buffers equivalent
+                       // for writes
+                       boost::system::error_code const ec;
+                       post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec)));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_wait_send_handler = std::move(handler);
+               m_send_null_buffers = true;
+       }
+
+       // if there is an outstanding read operation, and this was the first incoming
+       // operation since we last drained, wake up the reader
+       void tcp::socket::maybe_wakeup_reader()
+       {
+               if (m_incoming_queue.size() != 1 || (!m_recv_handler && !m_wait_recv_handler)) return;
+
+               if (m_recv_null_buffers)
+               {
+                       async_wait_read_impl(std::move(m_wait_recv_handler));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       // we have an async. read operation outstanding, and we just put one
+                       // packet in our incoming queue.
+
+                       // try to read from it and potentially fire the handler
+                       async_read_some_impl(m_recv_buffer, std::move(m_recv_handler));
+               }
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::maybe_wakeup_writer()
+       {
+               if (!m_send_handler && !m_wait_send_handler) return;
+
+               if (m_send_null_buffers)
+               {
+                       async_wait_write_impl(std::move(m_wait_send_handler));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       // we have an async. write operation outstanding
+                       async_write_some_impl(m_send_buffer, std::move(m_send_handler));
+               }
+       }
+
+       bool tcp::socket::internal_is_listening() { return false; }
+
+       void tcp::socket::send_packet(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               m_bytes_in_flight += int(p.buffer.size());
+               m_outstanding_packet_sizes[p.seq_nr] = int(p.buffer.size());
+
+               int const idx = m_channel->self_idx(m_bound_to);
+               p.byte_counter = m_channel->bytes_sent[idx];
+               m_channel->bytes_sent[idx] += std::uint32_t(p.buffer.size());
+
+               auto* log = m_io_service.sim().get_pcap();
+               if (log)
+               {
+                       int const remote = m_channel->remote_idx(m_bound_to);
+                       log->log_tcp(p, m_bound_to, m_channel->ep[remote]);
+               }
+
+               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::packet_dropped(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               int remote = m_channel->remote_idx(m_bound_to);
+               p.hops = m_channel->hops[remote];
+               m_outgoing_packets.push_back(std::move(p));
+
+               const int packets_in_cwnd = m_cwnd / m_mss;
+
+               // we just recently dropped a packet and cut the cwnd in half,
+               // don't do it again already
+               if (m_last_drop_seq > 0 && p.seq_nr < m_last_drop_seq + packets_in_cwnd) return;
+
+               m_cwnd /= 2;
+               m_last_drop_seq = p.seq_nr;
+
+               // TODO: this should really happen one second later to be accurate
+               if (m_cwnd < m_mss) m_cwnd = m_mss;
+       }
+
+       void tcp::socket::incoming_packet(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               switch (p.type)
+               {
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::uninitialized:
+                       {
+                               assert(false && "uninitialized packet");
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::ack:
+                       {
+                               // if the socket just became writeable, we need to notify the
+                               // client. First we want to know whether it was not writeable.
+                               const bool was_writeable = m_bytes_in_flight + m_mss > m_cwnd;
+
+                               auto it = m_outstanding_packet_sizes.find(p.seq_nr);
+                               assert(it != m_outstanding_packet_sizes.end());
+                               const int acked_bytes = it->second;
+                               m_outstanding_packet_sizes.erase(it);
+                               assert(m_bytes_in_flight >= acked_bytes);
+                               m_bytes_in_flight -= acked_bytes;
+
+                               // potentially resend packets
+                               while (!m_outgoing_packets.empty()
+                                       && m_bytes_in_flight
+                                               + int(m_outgoing_packets.front().buffer.size()) <= m_cwnd)
+                               {
+                                       aux::packet pkt = std::move(m_outgoing_packets.front());
+                                       m_outgoing_packets.erase(m_outgoing_packets.begin());
+                                       send_packet(std::move(pkt));
+                               }
+
+                               // update cwnd based on the number of bytes ACKed.
+                               // every round-trip, increase the window size by one packet
+                               // (MSS)
+                               m_cwnd += m_mss * acked_bytes / m_cwnd;
+
+                               // TODO: implement slow-start
+
+                               const bool is_writeable = m_bytes_in_flight + m_mss <= m_cwnd;
+
+                               if (!was_writeable && is_writeable)
+                                       maybe_wakeup_writer();
+
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::syn:
+                       {
+                               // TODO: return connection refused
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::syn_ack:
+                       {
+                               assert(m_connect_handler);
+                               boost::system::error_code ec;
+                               post(m_io_service, aux::make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_connect_handler), ec)));
+                               m_connect_handler = nullptr;
+                               if (ec) m_channel.reset();
+                               else maybe_wakeup_writer();
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::error:
+                       case aux::packet::type_t::payload:
+                       {
+                               aux::packet ack;
+                               ack.type = aux::packet::type_t::ack;
+                               ack.seq_nr = p.seq_nr;
+
+                               int remote = m_channel->remote_idx(m_bound_to);
+                               ack.hops = m_channel->hops[remote];
+                               forward_packet(std::move(ack));
+
+                               // if the sequence number is out-of-order, put it in the
+                               // m_incoming_packets queue
+                               if (p.seq_nr != m_next_incoming_seq)
+                               {
+                                       if (p.seq_nr < m_next_incoming_seq)
+                                       {
+                                               std::printf("TCP: incoming sequence number lower (%" PRId64 ") "
+                                                       "than expected: %" PRId64 "\n", p.seq_nr, m_next_incoming_seq);
+                                       }
+
+                                       m_reorder_buffer.emplace(p.seq_nr, std::move(p));
+                                       return;
+                               }
+
+                               // this packet was in-order. increment the expected next sequence
+                               // number.
+                               ++m_next_incoming_seq;
+                               m_incoming_queue.push_back(std::move(p));
+
+                               // also, perhaps there are some packets that arrived out-of-order,
+                               // check to see
+                               auto it = m_reorder_buffer.find(m_next_incoming_seq);
+                               while (it != m_reorder_buffer.end())
+                               {
+                                       aux::packet pkt = std::move(it->second);
+                                       m_reorder_buffer.erase(it);
+                                       m_incoming_queue.push_back(std::move(pkt));
+                                       ++m_next_incoming_seq;
+                                       it = m_reorder_buffer.find(m_next_incoming_seq);
+                               }
+
+                               maybe_wakeup_reader();
+                               return;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+}
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/src/udp_socket.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/src/udp_socket.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..f735c72
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include "simulator/packet.hpp"
+#include "simulator/pcap.hpp"
+#include "simulator/handler_allocator.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "simulator/push_warnings.hpp"
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/function.hpp>
+#include "simulator/pop_warnings.hpp"
+
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point time_point;
+typedef sim::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration duration;
+
+namespace sim {
+namespace asio {
+namespace ip {
+
+       udp::socket::socket(io_context& ios)
+               : socket_base(ios)
+               , m_next_send(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now())
+               , m_recv_sender(nullptr)
+               , m_recv_timer(ios)
+               , m_send_timer(ios)
+               , m_recv_null_buffers(0)
+               , m_queue_size(0)
+               , m_is_v4(true)
+       {}
+
+       udp::socket::socket(socket&& s)
+               : socket_base(std::move(s))
+               , m_next_send(std::move(s.m_next_send))
+               , m_send_handler(std::move(s.m_send_handler))
+               , m_wait_send_handler(std::move(s.m_wait_send_handler))
+               , m_recv_handler(std::move(s.m_recv_handler))
+               , m_wait_recv_handler(std::move(s.m_wait_recv_handler))
+               , m_recv_buffer(std::move(s.m_recv_buffer))
+               , m_recv_sender(std::move(s.m_recv_sender))
+               , m_recv_timer(std::move(s.m_recv_timer))
+               , m_send_timer(std::move(s.m_send_timer))
+               , m_incoming_queue(std::move(s.m_incoming_queue))
+               , m_recv_null_buffers(std::move(s.m_recv_null_buffers))
+               , m_queue_size(std::move(s.m_queue_size))
+               , m_is_v4(s.m_is_v4)
+       {
+               if (m_forwarder) m_forwarder->reset(this);
+               s.m_forwarder.reset();
+               s.m_open = false;
+               s.m_bound_to = ip::udp::endpoint();
+               if (m_bound_to != ip::udp::endpoint())
+                       m_io_service.rebind_udp_socket(this, m_bound_to);
+       }
+
+       udp::socket::~socket()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               close(ec);
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::bind(ip::udp::endpoint const& ep
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec) try
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = error::bad_descriptor;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (ep.address().is_v4() != m_is_v4)
+               {
+                       ec = error::address_family_not_supported;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               ip::udp::endpoint addr = m_io_service.bind_udp_socket(this, ep, ec);
+               if (ec) return;
+               m_bound_to = addr;
+               m_user_bound_to = addr;
+       }
+       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+       {
+               ec = make_error_code(boost::system::errc::not_enough_memory);
+       }
+       catch (boost::system::system_error const& err)
+       {
+               ec = err.code();
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::bind(ip::udp::endpoint const& ep)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               bind(ep, ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::open(udp protocol
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec) try
+       {
+               // TODO: what if it's already open?
+               close(ec);
+               m_open = true;
+               m_is_v4 = (protocol == ip::udp::v4());
+               m_forwarder = std::make_shared<aux::sink_forwarder>(this);
+       }
+       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+       {
+               ec = make_error_code(boost::system::errc::not_enough_memory);
+       }
+       catch (boost::system::system_error const& err)
+       {
+               ec = err.code();
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::open(udp protocol)
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               open(protocol, ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::close()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               close(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::close(boost::system::error_code& ec) try
+       {
+               if (m_bound_to != ip::udp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       m_io_service.unbind_udp_socket(this, m_bound_to);
+                       m_bound_to = ip::udp::endpoint();
+                       m_user_bound_to = ip::udp::endpoint();
+               }
+               m_open = false;
+
+               // prevent any more packets from being delivered to this socket
+               if (m_forwarder)
+               {
+                       m_forwarder->reset();
+                       m_forwarder.reset();
+               }
+
+               cancel(ec);
+       }
+       catch (std::bad_alloc const&)
+       {
+               ec = make_error_code(boost::system::errc::not_enough_memory);
+       }
+       catch (boost::system::system_error const& err)
+       {
+               ec = err.code();
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::cancel(boost::system::error_code&)
+       {
+               // cancel outstanding async operations
+               abort_recv_handlers();
+               abort_send_handlers();
+               m_recv_timer.cancel();
+               m_send_timer.cancel();
+               return;
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::cancel()
+       {
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               cancel(ec);
+               if (ec) throw boost::system::system_error(ec);
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::abort_send_handlers()
+       {
+               if (m_send_handler)
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::ref(m_send_handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted), std::size_t(0))));
+
+               if (m_wait_send_handler)
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::ref(m_wait_send_handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted))));
+
+               m_send_timer.cancel();
+               m_send_handler = nullptr;
+               m_wait_send_handler = nullptr;
+//             m_send_buffer.clear();
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::abort_recv_handlers()
+       {
+               if (m_recv_handler)
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_recv_handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted), std::size_t(0))));
+
+               if (m_wait_recv_handler)
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(m_wait_recv_handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::operation_aborted))));
+
+               m_recv_timer.cancel();
+               m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+               m_wait_recv_handler = nullptr;
+               m_recv_buffer.clear();
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::async_wait(socket_base::wait_type_t const w
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler)
+       {
+               if (w == wait_type_t::wait_write)
+               {
+                       abort_send_handlers();
+
+                       time_point const now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+                       boost::system::error_code no_error;
+                       if (m_next_send - now > m_send_queue_time / 2)
+                       {
+                               // our send queue is too large. Defer
+                               m_recv_timer.expires_at(m_next_send + m_send_queue_time / 2);
+
+                               m_wait_send_handler = std::move(handler);
+                               m_recv_timer.async_wait(make_malloc(std::bind(std::ref(m_wait_send_handler), no_error)));
+                               return;
+                       }
+
+                       // the socket is writable, post the completion handler immediately
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), no_error)));
+               }
+               else if (w == wait_type_t::wait_read)
+               {
+                       abort_recv_handlers();
+                       async_wait_receive_impl(nullptr, std::move(handler));
+               }
+       }
+
+       std::size_t udp::socket::receive_from_impl(
+               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+               , udp::endpoint* sender
+               , socket_base::message_flags /* flags */
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               assert(!bufs.empty());
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::bad_descriptor);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               if (m_bound_to == udp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::invalid_argument);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               if (m_incoming_queue.empty())
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::would_block);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               aux::packet& p = m_incoming_queue.front();
+               if (sender) *sender = p.from;
+
+               int read = 0;
+               for (auto const& buf : bufs)
+               {
+                       char* ptr = static_cast<char*>(buf.data());
+                       int const len = int(buf.size());
+                       int const to_copy = (std::min)(int(p.buffer.size()), len);
+                       memcpy(ptr, p.buffer.data(), to_copy);
+                       read += to_copy;
+                       p.buffer.erase(p.buffer.begin(), p.buffer.begin() + to_copy);
+                       m_queue_size -= to_copy;
+                       if (p.buffer.empty()) break;
+               }
+
+               m_incoming_queue.erase(m_incoming_queue.begin());
+               return read;
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::async_wait_receive_impl(
+               udp::endpoint* sender
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&)> handler)
+       {
+               if (!m_open)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::bad_descriptor))));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (m_bound_to == udp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler)
+                               , boost::system::error_code(error::invalid_argument))));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (!m_incoming_queue.empty())
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), boost::system::error_code())));
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               m_recv_null_buffers = true;
+               m_wait_recv_handler = std::move(handler);
+               m_recv_sender = sender;
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::async_receive_from_impl(
+               std::vector<asio::mutable_buffer> const& bufs
+               , udp::endpoint* sender
+               , socket_base::message_flags /* flags */
+               , aux::function<void(boost::system::error_code const&
+                       , std::size_t)> handler)
+       {
+               assert(!bufs.empty());
+
+               boost::system::error_code ec;
+               std::size_t bytes_transferred = receive_from_impl(bufs, sender, 0, ec);
+               if (ec == boost::system::error_code(error::would_block))
+               {
+                       m_recv_buffer = bufs;
+                       m_recv_handler = std::move(handler);
+                       m_recv_sender = sender;
+                       m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (ec)
+               {
+                       post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec, std::size_t(0))));
+                       m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+                       m_recv_buffer.clear();
+                       m_recv_sender = nullptr;
+                       m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               post(m_io_service, make_malloc(std::bind(std::move(handler), ec, bytes_transferred)));
+               m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+               m_recv_buffer.clear();
+               m_recv_sender = nullptr;
+               m_recv_null_buffers = false;
+       }
+
+       std::size_t udp::socket::send_to_impl(std::vector<asio::const_buffer> const& b
+               , udp::endpoint const& dst, message_flags /* flags */
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               assert(m_non_blocking && "blocking operations not supported");
+
+               if (m_bound_to == ip::udp::endpoint())
+               {
+                       // the socket was not bound, bind to anything
+                       bind(udp::endpoint(), ec);
+                       if (ec) return 0;
+               }
+
+               ec.clear();
+               std::size_t ret = 0;
+               for (std::vector<asio::const_buffer>::const_iterator i = b.begin()
+                       , end(b.end()); i != end; ++i)
+               {
+                       ret += i->size();
+               }
+               if (ret == 0)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::invalid_argument);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               time_point now = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+               const int mtu = m_io_service.get_path_mtu(m_bound_to.address(), dst.address());
+
+               if (int(ret) > 65535)
+               {
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(error::message_size);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               if (m_dont_fragment && int(ret) > mtu)
+               {
+                       // silently drop packet
+                       ec.clear();
+                       return ret;
+               }
+
+               // determine the bandwidth in terms of nanoseconds / byte
+               const double nanoseconds_per_byte = 1000000000.0
+                       / double(aux::nic_bandwidth);
+
+               if (m_next_send - now > m_send_queue_time)
+               {
+                       // our send queue is too large.
+                       ec = boost::system::error_code(asio::error::would_block);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               route hops = m_io_service.find_udp_socket(*this, dst);
+               if (hops.empty())
+               {
+                       // the packet is silently dropped
+                       // TODO: it would be nice if this would result in a round-trip time
+                       // with an ICMP host unreachable or connection_refused error
+                       return ret;
+               }
+
+               hops.prepend(m_io_service.get_outgoing_route(m_bound_to.address()));
+
+               m_next_send = std::max(now, m_next_send);
+
+               aux::packet p;
+               p.overhead = 28;
+               p.type = aux::packet::type_t::payload;
+               p.from = m_bound_to;
+               p.hops = hops;
+               for (std::vector<asio::const_buffer>::const_iterator i = b.begin()
+                       , end(b.end()); i != end; ++i)
+               {
+                       p.buffer.insert(p.buffer.end(), static_cast<std::uint8_t const*>(i->data())
+                               , static_cast<std::uint8_t const*>(i->data()) + i->size());
+               }
+
+               auto* log = m_io_service.sim().get_pcap();
+               if (log) log->log_udp(p, m_bound_to, dst);
+
+               int const packet_size = int(p.buffer.size() + p.overhead);
+               forward_packet(std::move(p));
+
+               m_next_send += chrono::duration_cast<duration>(chrono::nanoseconds(
+                       boost::int64_t(nanoseconds_per_byte * packet_size)));
+
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::incoming_packet(aux::packet p)
+       {
+               int const packet_size = int(p.buffer.size() + p.overhead);
+
+               // silent drop. If the application isn't reading fast enough, drop packets
+               // TODO: make this limit controlled by SO_RECVBUF socket option
+               if (m_queue_size + packet_size > 256 * 1024) return;
+
+               m_queue_size += int(p.buffer.size());
+               m_incoming_queue.push_back(std::move(p));
+
+               maybe_wakeup_reader();
+       }
+
+       void udp::socket::maybe_wakeup_reader()
+       {
+               if (m_incoming_queue.size() != 1 || (!m_recv_handler && !m_wait_recv_handler)) return;
+
+               // there is an outstanding operation waiting for an incoming packet
+               if (m_recv_null_buffers)
+               {
+                       async_wait_receive_impl(m_recv_sender, std::move(m_wait_recv_handler));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       async_receive_from_impl(m_recv_buffer, m_recv_sender, 0, std::move(m_recv_handler));
+               }
+
+//             m_recv_handler = nullptr;
+//             m_recv_buffer.clear();
+//             m_recv_sender = nullptr;
+       }
+
+} // ip
+} // asio
+} // sim
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/acceptor.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/acceptor.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6c3c34b
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using namespace sim::chrono;
+using sim::simulation;
+using sim::default_config;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace {
+char send_buffer[10000];
+char recv_buffer[10000];
+int num_received = 0;
+int num_sent = 0;
+
+void on_sent(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] send error %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       num_sent += int(bytes_transferred);
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] sent %d bytes\n", millis, int(bytes_transferred));
+       std::printf("closing\n");
+       sock.close();
+}
+
+void on_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , std::size_t bytes_transferred, ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] receive error %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       num_received += int(bytes_transferred);
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] received %d bytes\n", millis, int(bytes_transferred));
+
+       sock.async_read_some(sim::asio::buffer(recv_buffer, sizeof(recv_buffer))
+               , std::bind(&on_receive, _1, _2, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+void incoming_connection(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock, ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while accepting connection: %s\n"
+                       , millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       boost::system::error_code err;
+       ip::tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint = sock.remote_endpoint(err);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       ip::tcp::endpoint local_endpoint = sock.local_endpoint(err);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       std::printf("[%4d] received incoming connection from: %s:%d. local endpoint: %s:%d\n"
+               , millis, ep.address().to_string().c_str(), ep.port()
+               , local_endpoint.address().to_string().c_str(), local_endpoint.port());
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.port() == 1337);
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.address().to_string() == "40.30.20.10");
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.port() != 0);
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.address().to_string() == "10.20.30.40");
+
+       sock.async_read_some(sim::asio::buffer(recv_buffer, sizeof(recv_buffer))
+               , std::bind(&on_receive, _1, _2, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+void on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while connecting: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       boost::system::error_code err;
+       ip::tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint = sock.remote_endpoint(err);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       ip::tcp::endpoint local_endpoint = sock.local_endpoint(err);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] made outgoing connection to: %s:%d. local endpoint: %s:%d\n"
+               , millis
+               , remote_endpoint.address().to_string().c_str(), remote_endpoint.port()
+               , local_endpoint.address().to_string().c_str(), local_endpoint.port());
+
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.port() == 1337);
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.address().to_string() == "40.30.20.10");
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.port() != 0);
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.address().to_string() == "10.20.30.40");
+
+       std::printf("sending %d bytes\n", int(sizeof(send_buffer)));
+       sock.async_write_some(sim::asio::buffer(send_buffer, sizeof(send_buffer))
+               , std::bind(&on_sent, _1, _2, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("accept incoming connection on acceptor socket", "[acceptor]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+       io_context incoming_ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+       io_context outgoing_ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"));
+       ip::tcp::acceptor listener(incoming_ios);
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       boost::system::error_code ec;
+       listener.open(ip::tcp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       listener.bind(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::address(), 1337), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       listener.listen(10, ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       ip::tcp::socket incoming(incoming_ios);
+       ip::tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint;
+       listener.async_accept(incoming, remote_endpoint
+               , std::bind(&incoming_connection, _1, std::ref(incoming)
+               , std::cref(remote_endpoint)));
+
+       dump_network_graph(sim, "accept.dot");
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] connecting\n", millis);
+       ip::tcp::socket outgoing(outgoing_ios);
+       outgoing.open(ip::tcp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       outgoing.async_connect(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::make_address("40.30.20.10")
+               , 1337), std::bind(&on_connected, _1, std::ref(outgoing)));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       CHECK(num_received == num_sent);
+       CHECK(num_received > 0);
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/catch.hpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/catch.hpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6cc67e7
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,14057 @@
+
+//              Copyright Catch2 Authors
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//   (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+//        https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSL-1.0
+
+//  Catch v3.6.0
+//  Generated: 2024-05-05 20:53:27.071502
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+//  This file is an amalgamation of multiple different files.
+//  You probably shouldn't edit it directly.
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+#ifndef CATCH_AMALGAMATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_AMALGAMATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2. It includes **all** of Catch2 headers.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the top level folder, or to the
+ * corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here. Headers
+ * added to the various subparts (e.g. matchers, generators, etc...),
+ * should go their respective catch-all headers.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's benchmarking. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to benchmarking.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `benchmark` folder, or to
+ * the corresponding internal (detail) subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMPILER_CAPABILITIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMPILER_CAPABILITIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Detect a number of compiler features - by compiler
+// The following features are defined:
+//
+// CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH : is Windows SEH supported?
+// CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS : are POSIX signals supported?
+// CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS : Are exceptions enabled?
+// ****************
+// Note to maintainers: if new toggles are added please document them
+// in configuration.md, too
+// ****************
+
+// In general each macro has a _NO_<feature name> form
+// (e.g. CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) which disables the feature.
+// Many features, at point of detection, define an _INTERNAL_ macro, so they
+// can be combined, en-mass, with the _NO_ forms later.
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PLATFORM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PLATFORM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// See e.g.:
+// https://opensource.apple.com/source/CarbonHeaders/CarbonHeaders-18.1/TargetConditionals.h.auto.html
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#  ifndef __has_extension
+#    define __has_extension(x) 0
+#  endif
+#  include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#  if (defined(TARGET_OS_OSX) && TARGET_OS_OSX == 1) || \
+      (defined(TARGET_OS_MAC) && TARGET_OS_MAC == 1)
+#    define CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+#  elif (defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 1)
+#    define CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#  endif
+
+#elif defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX
+
+#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+#  if defined( WINAPI_FAMILY ) && ( WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_APP )
+#      define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_UWP
+#  endif
+
+#elif defined(__ORBIS__) || defined(__PROSPERO__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION
+
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_PLATFORM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+#  if (__cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#    define CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
+#  if (__cplusplus >= 202002L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L)
+#    define CATCH_CPP20_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
+#endif
+
+// Only GCC compiler should be used in this block, so other compilers trying to
+// mask themselves as GCC should be ignored.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__LCC__) && !defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic pop" )
+
+// This only works on GCC 9+. so we have to also add a global suppression of Wparentheses
+// for older versions of GCC.
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wparentheses\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-result\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-variable\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wuseless-cast\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wshadow\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...) (void)__builtin_constant_p(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "diag push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "diag pop" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma( "diag_suppress declared_but_not_referenced" )
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#  ifdef __NVCC_DIAG_PRAGMA_SUPPORT__
+// New pragmas introduced in CUDA 11.5+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "nv_diagnostic push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "nv_diagnostic pop" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma( "nv_diag_suppress 177" )
+#  else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma( "diag_suppress 177" )
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// clang-cl defines _MSC_VER as well as __clang__, which could cause the
+// start/stop internal suppression macros to be double defined.
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "clang diagnostic push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "clang diagnostic pop" )
+
+#endif // __clang__ && !_MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+
+// As of this writing, IBM XL's implementation of __builtin_constant_p has a bug
+// which results in calls to destructors being emitted for each temporary,
+// without a matching initialization. In practice, this can result in something
+// like `std::string::~string` being called on an uninitialized value.
+//
+// For example, this code will likely segfault under IBM XL:
+// ```
+// REQUIRE(std::string("12") + "34" == "1234")
+// ```
+//
+// Similarly, NVHPC's implementation of `__builtin_constant_p` has a bug which
+// results in calls to the immediately evaluated lambda expressions to be
+// reported as unevaluated lambdas.
+// https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia_bug/3321845.
+//
+// Therefore, `CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN` is not implemented.
+#  if !defined(__ibmxl__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined( __NVCOMPILER )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...) (void)__builtin_constant_p(__VA_ARGS__) /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg, hicpp-vararg) */
+#  endif
+
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wexit-time-destructors\"" ) \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wglobal-constructors\"")
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wparentheses\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-variable\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-template\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wcomma\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS \
+        _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wshadow\"" )
+
+#endif // __clang__
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// We know some environments not to support full POSIX signals
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) ||                                       \
+    defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION ) ||                                   \
+    defined( __CYGWIN__ ) ||                                                   \
+    defined( __QNX__ ) ||                                                      \
+    defined( __EMSCRIPTEN__ ) ||                                               \
+    defined( __DJGPP__ ) ||                                                    \
+    defined( __OS400__ )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Assume that some platforms do not support getenv.
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_UWP ) ||                                   \
+    defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION ) ||                                   \
+    defined( _GAMING_XBOX )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_GETENV
+#else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GETENV
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Android somehow still does not support std::to_string
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Not all Windows environments support SEH properly
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// PS4
+#if defined(__ORBIS__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Cygwin
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+
+// Required for some versions of Cygwin to declare gettimeofday
+// see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36901803/gettimeofday-not-declared-in-this-scope-cygwin
+#   define _BSD_SOURCE
+// some versions of cygwin (most) do not support std::to_string. Use the libstd check.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.8.2/libstdc++/api/a01053_source.html line 2812-2813
+# if !((__cplusplus >= 201103L) && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99) \
+           && !defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF))
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING
+
+# endif
+#endif // __CYGWIN__
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Visual C++
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// We want to defer to nvcc-specific warning suppression if we are compiled
+// with nvcc masquerading for MSVC.
+#    if !defined( __CUDACC__ )
+#        define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            __pragma( warning( push ) )
+#        define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            __pragma( warning( pop ) )
+#    endif
+
+// Universal Windows platform does not support SEH
+// Or console colours (or console at all...)
+#  if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_UWP)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32
+#  else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#  endif
+
+// MSVC traditional preprocessor needs some workaround for __VA_ARGS__
+// _MSVC_TRADITIONAL == 0 means new conformant preprocessor
+// _MSVC_TRADITIONAL == 1 means old traditional non-conformant preprocessor
+#  if !defined(__clang__) // Handle Clang masquerading for msvc
+#    if !defined(_MSVC_TRADITIONAL) || (defined(_MSVC_TRADITIONAL) && _MSVC_TRADITIONAL)
+#      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#    endif // MSVC_TRADITIONAL
+#  endif // __clang__
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(_REENTRANT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Enable async processing, as -pthread is specified or no additional linking is required
+# define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Check if we are compiled with -fno-exceptions or equivalent
+#if defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+#endif
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Embarcadero C++Build
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// RTX is a special version of Windows that is real time.
+// This means that it is detected as Windows, but does not provide
+// the same set of capabilities as real Windows does.
+#if defined(UNDER_RTSS) || defined(RTX64_BUILD)
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_ASYNC
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1)
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER
+#endif
+
+// Various stdlib support checks that require __has_include
+#if defined(__has_include)
+  // Check if string_view is available and usable
+  #if __has_include(<string_view>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+  #endif
+
+  // Check if optional is available and usable
+  #  if __has_include(<optional>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL
+  #  endif // __has_include(<optional>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+
+  // Check if byte is available and usable
+  #  if __has_include(<cstddef>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    include <cstddef>
+  #    if defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && (__cpp_lib_byte > 0)
+  #      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE
+  #    endif
+  #  endif // __has_include(<cstddef>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+
+  // Check if variant is available and usable
+  #  if __has_include(<variant>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    if defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 8)
+         // work around clang bug with libstdc++ https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=31852
+         // fix should be in clang 8, workaround in libstdc++ 8.2
+  #      include <ciso646>
+  #      if defined(__GLIBCXX__) && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && (_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 9)
+  #        define CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_VARIANT
+  #      else
+  #        define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
+  #      endif // defined(__GLIBCXX__) && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && (_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 9)
+  #    else
+  #      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
+  #    endif // defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 8)
+  #  endif // __has_include(<variant>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+#endif // defined(__has_include)
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif
+// This is set by default, because we assume that unix compilers are posix-signal-compatible by default.
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GETENV) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_GETENV) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_GETENV) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GETENV)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_GETENV
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING)
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_OPTIONAL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_STRING_VIEW) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_VARIANT) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_BYTE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_REDIRECT)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
+#endif
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS ) &&          \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS )
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POLYFILL_ISNAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)  && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_ASYNC) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_USE_ASYNC) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER
+#endif
+
+
+// Even if we do not think the compiler has that warning, we still have
+// to provide a macro that can be used by the code.
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+
+// The goal of this macro is to avoid evaluation of the arguments, but
+// still have the compiler warn on problems inside...
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__apple_build_version__) && (__clang_major__ < 10)
+#   undef CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
+#elif defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 5)
+#   undef CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+#define CATCH_TRY if ((true))
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ALL if ((false))
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ANON(type) if ((false))
+#else
+#define CATCH_TRY try
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ALL catch (...)
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ANON(type) catch (type)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR)
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) &&       \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_SHARED_LIBRARY ) && defined( _MSC_VER ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC )
+#    ifdef Catch2_EXPORTS
+#        define CATCH_EXPORT //__declspec( dllexport ) // not needed
+#    else
+#        define CATCH_EXPORT __declspec( dllimport )
+#    endif
+#else
+#    define CATCH_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMPILER_CAPABILITIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IResultCapture;
+    class IConfig;
+
+    class Context {
+        IConfig const* m_config = nullptr;
+        IResultCapture* m_resultCapture = nullptr;
+
+        CATCH_EXPORT static Context* currentContext;
+        friend Context& getCurrentMutableContext();
+        friend Context const& getCurrentContext();
+        static void createContext();
+        friend void cleanUpContext();
+
+    public:
+        IResultCapture* getResultCapture() const { return m_resultCapture; }
+        IConfig const* getConfig() const { return m_config; }
+        void setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture );
+        void setConfig( IConfig const* config );
+    };
+
+    Context& getCurrentMutableContext();
+
+    inline Context const& getCurrentContext() {
+        // We duplicate the logic from `getCurrentMutableContext` here,
+        // to avoid paying the call overhead in debug mode.
+        if ( !Context::currentContext ) { Context::createContext(); }
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.uninitialized.UndefReturn)
+        return *Context::currentContext;
+    }
+
+    void cleanUpContext();
+
+    class SimplePcg32;
+    SimplePcg32& sharedRng();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MOVE_AND_FORWARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MOVE_AND_FORWARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+//! Replacement for std::move with better compile time performance
+#define CATCH_MOVE(...) static_cast<std::remove_reference_t<decltype(__VA_ARGS__)>&&>(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+//! Replacement for std::forward with better compile time performance
+#define CATCH_FORWARD(...) static_cast<decltype(__VA_ARGS__)&&>(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // CATCH_MOVE_AND_FORWARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_FAILURE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_FAILURE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    //! Used to signal that an assertion macro failed
+    struct TestFailureException{};
+    //! Used to signal that the remainder of a test should be skipped
+    struct TestSkipException {};
+
+    /**
+     * Outlines throwing of `TestFailureException` into a single TU
+     *
+     * Also handles `CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS` for callers.
+     */
+    [[noreturn]] void throw_test_failure_exception();
+
+    /**
+     * Outlines throwing of `TestSkipException` into a single TU
+     *
+     * Also handles `CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS` for callers.
+     */
+    [[noreturn]] void throw_test_skip_exception();
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_FAILURE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the CONFIG configuration option
+ *
+ * When generating internal unique names, there are two options. Either
+ * we mix in the current line number, or mix in an incrementing number.
+ * We prefer the latter, using `__COUNTER__`, but users might want to
+ * use the former.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if ( !defined(__JETBRAINS_IDE__) || __JETBRAINS_IDE__ >= 20170300L )
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line ) name##line
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, line ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line )
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __COUNTER__ )
+#else
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __LINE__ )
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_CAPTURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_CAPTURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+#include <chrono>
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STRINGREF_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STRINGREF_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /// A non-owning string class (similar to the forthcoming std::string_view)
+    /// Note that, because a StringRef may be a substring of another string,
+    /// it may not be null terminated.
+    class StringRef {
+    public:
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+        using const_iterator = const char*;
+
+        static constexpr size_type npos{ static_cast<size_type>( -1 ) };
+
+    private:
+        static constexpr char const* const s_empty = "";
+
+        char const* m_start = s_empty;
+        size_type m_size = 0;
+
+    public: // construction
+        constexpr StringRef() noexcept = default;
+
+        StringRef( char const* rawChars ) noexcept;
+
+        constexpr StringRef( char const* rawChars, size_type size ) noexcept
+        :   m_start( rawChars ),
+            m_size( size )
+        {}
+
+        StringRef( std::string const& stdString ) noexcept
+        :   m_start( stdString.c_str() ),
+            m_size( stdString.size() )
+        {}
+
+        explicit operator std::string() const {
+            return std::string(m_start, m_size);
+        }
+
+    public: // operators
+        auto operator == ( StringRef other ) const noexcept -> bool {
+            return m_size == other.m_size
+                && (std::memcmp( m_start, other.m_start, m_size ) == 0);
+        }
+        auto operator != (StringRef other) const noexcept -> bool {
+            return !(*this == other);
+        }
+
+        constexpr auto operator[] ( size_type index ) const noexcept -> char {
+            assert(index < m_size);
+            return m_start[index];
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(StringRef rhs) const noexcept;
+
+    public: // named queries
+        constexpr auto empty() const noexcept -> bool {
+            return m_size == 0;
+        }
+        constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_type {
+            return m_size;
+        }
+
+        // Returns a substring of [start, start + length).
+        // If start + length > size(), then the substring is [start, size()).
+        // If start > size(), then the substring is empty.
+        constexpr StringRef substr(size_type start, size_type length) const noexcept {
+            if (start < m_size) {
+                const auto shortened_size = m_size - start;
+                return StringRef(m_start + start, (shortened_size < length) ? shortened_size : length);
+            } else {
+                return StringRef();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Returns the current start pointer. May not be null-terminated.
+        constexpr char const* data() const noexcept {
+            return m_start;
+        }
+
+        constexpr const_iterator begin() const { return m_start; }
+        constexpr const_iterator end() const { return m_start + m_size; }
+
+
+        friend std::string& operator += (std::string& lhs, StringRef rhs);
+        friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, StringRef str);
+        friend std::string operator+(StringRef lhs, StringRef rhs);
+
+        /**
+         * Provides a three-way comparison with rhs
+         *
+         * Returns negative number if lhs < rhs, 0 if lhs == rhs, and a positive
+         * number if lhs > rhs
+         */
+        int compare( StringRef rhs ) const;
+    };
+
+
+    constexpr auto operator ""_sr( char const* rawChars, std::size_t size ) noexcept -> StringRef {
+        return StringRef( rawChars, size );
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+constexpr auto operator ""_catch_sr( char const* rawChars, std::size_t size ) noexcept -> Catch::StringRef {
+    return Catch::StringRef( rawChars, size );
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_STRINGREF_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RESULT_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RESULT_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // ResultWas::OfType enum
+    struct ResultWas { enum OfType {
+        Unknown = -1,
+        Ok = 0,
+        Info = 1,
+        Warning = 2,
+        // TODO: Should explicit skip be considered "not OK" (cf. isOk)? I.e., should it have the failure bit?
+        ExplicitSkip = 4,
+
+        FailureBit = 0x10,
+
+        ExpressionFailed = FailureBit | 1,
+        ExplicitFailure = FailureBit | 2,
+
+        Exception = 0x100 | FailureBit,
+
+        ThrewException = Exception | 1,
+        DidntThrowException = Exception | 2,
+
+        FatalErrorCondition = 0x200 | FailureBit
+
+    }; };
+
+    bool isOk( ResultWas::OfType resultType );
+    bool isJustInfo( int flags );
+
+
+    // ResultDisposition::Flags enum
+    struct ResultDisposition { enum Flags {
+        Normal = 0x01,
+
+        ContinueOnFailure = 0x02,   // Failures fail test, but execution continues
+        FalseTest = 0x04,           // Prefix expression with !
+        SuppressFail = 0x08         // Failures are reported but do not fail the test
+    }; };
+
+    ResultDisposition::Flags operator | ( ResultDisposition::Flags lhs, ResultDisposition::Flags rhs );
+
+    bool shouldContinueOnFailure( int flags );
+    inline bool isFalseTest( int flags ) { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::FalseTest ) != 0; }
+    bool shouldSuppressFailure( int flags );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RESULT_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIQUE_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIQUE_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+    /**
+     * A reimplementation of `std::unique_ptr` for improved compilation performance
+     *
+     * Does not support arrays nor custom deleters.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    class unique_ptr {
+        T* m_ptr;
+    public:
+        constexpr unique_ptr(std::nullptr_t = nullptr):
+            m_ptr{}
+        {}
+        explicit constexpr unique_ptr(T* ptr):
+            m_ptr(ptr)
+        {}
+
+        template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<T, U>::value>>
+        unique_ptr(unique_ptr<U>&& from):
+            m_ptr(from.release())
+        {}
+
+        template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<T, U>::value>>
+        unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr<U>&& from) {
+            reset(from.release());
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        unique_ptr(unique_ptr const&) = delete;
+        unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr const&) = delete;
+
+        unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& rhs) noexcept:
+            m_ptr(rhs.m_ptr) {
+            rhs.m_ptr = nullptr;
+        }
+        unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& rhs) noexcept {
+            reset(rhs.release());
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ~unique_ptr() {
+            delete m_ptr;
+        }
+
+        T& operator*() {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return *m_ptr;
+        }
+        T const& operator*() const {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return *m_ptr;
+        }
+        T* operator->() noexcept {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return m_ptr;
+        }
+        T const* operator->() const noexcept {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return m_ptr;
+        }
+
+        T* get() { return m_ptr; }
+        T const* get() const { return m_ptr; }
+
+        void reset(T* ptr = nullptr) {
+            delete m_ptr;
+            m_ptr = ptr;
+        }
+
+        T* release() {
+            auto temp = m_ptr;
+            m_ptr = nullptr;
+            return temp;
+        }
+
+        explicit operator bool() const {
+            return m_ptr;
+        }
+
+        friend void swap(unique_ptr& lhs, unique_ptr& rhs) {
+            auto temp = lhs.m_ptr;
+            lhs.m_ptr = rhs.m_ptr;
+            rhs.m_ptr = temp;
+        }
+    };
+
+    //! Specialization to cause compile-time error for arrays
+    template <typename T>
+    class unique_ptr<T[]>;
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args) {
+        return unique_ptr<T>(new T(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...));
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIQUE_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_FWD_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_FWD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        using IDuration = std::chrono::nanoseconds;
+        using FDuration = std::chrono::duration<double, std::nano>;
+
+        template <typename Clock>
+        using TimePoint = typename Clock::time_point;
+
+        using default_clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // We cannot forward declare the type with default template argument
+    // multiple times, so it is split out into a separate header so that
+    // we can prevent multiple declarations in dependees
+    template <typename Duration = Benchmark::FDuration>
+    struct BenchmarkStats;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_FWD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class AssertionResult;
+    struct AssertionInfo;
+    struct SectionInfo;
+    struct SectionEndInfo;
+    struct MessageInfo;
+    struct MessageBuilder;
+    struct Counts;
+    struct AssertionReaction;
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+
+    class ITransientExpression;
+    class IGeneratorTracker;
+
+    struct BenchmarkInfo;
+
+    namespace Generators {
+        class GeneratorUntypedBase;
+        using GeneratorBasePtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<GeneratorUntypedBase>;
+    }
+
+
+    class IResultCapture {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IResultCapture();
+
+        virtual void notifyAssertionStarted( AssertionInfo const& info ) = 0;
+        virtual bool sectionStarted( StringRef sectionName,
+                                     SourceLineInfo const& sectionLineInfo,
+                                     Counts& assertions ) = 0;
+        virtual void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) = 0;
+        virtual void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) = 0;
+
+        virtual IGeneratorTracker*
+        acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) = 0;
+        virtual IGeneratorTracker*
+        createGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+                                Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) = 0;
+        virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) = 0;
+        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) = 0;
+        virtual void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
+        virtual void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void handleExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ITransientExpression const& expr,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleMessage
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    StringRef message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleUnexpectedInflightException
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    std::string&& message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleIncomplete
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleNonExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    AssertionReaction &reaction ) = 0;
+
+
+
+        virtual bool lastAssertionPassed() = 0;
+        virtual void assertionPassed() = 0;
+
+        // Deprecated, do not use:
+        virtual std::string getCurrentTestName() const = 0;
+        virtual const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const = 0;
+        virtual void exceptionEarlyReported() = 0;
+    };
+
+    IResultCapture& getResultCapture();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_CAPTURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_NONCOPYABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_NONCOPYABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        //! Deriving classes become noncopyable and nonmovable
+        class NonCopyable {
+            NonCopyable( NonCopyable const& ) = delete;
+            NonCopyable( NonCopyable&& ) = delete;
+            NonCopyable& operator=( NonCopyable const& ) = delete;
+            NonCopyable& operator=( NonCopyable&& ) = delete;
+
+        protected:
+            NonCopyable() noexcept = default;
+        };
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_NONCOPYABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class Verbosity {
+        Quiet = 0,
+        Normal,
+        High
+    };
+
+    struct WarnAbout { enum What {
+        Nothing = 0x00,
+        //! A test case or leaf section did not run any assertions
+        NoAssertions = 0x01,
+        //! A command line test spec matched no test cases
+        UnmatchedTestSpec = 0x02,
+    }; };
+
+    enum class ShowDurations {
+        DefaultForReporter,
+        Always,
+        Never
+    };
+    enum class TestRunOrder {
+        Declared,
+        LexicographicallySorted,
+        Randomized
+    };
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t {
+        //! Let Catch2 pick implementation based on platform detection
+        PlatformDefault,
+        //! Use ANSI colour code escapes
+        ANSI,
+        //! Use Win32 console colour API
+        Win32,
+        //! Don't use any colour
+        None
+    };
+    struct WaitForKeypress { enum When {
+        Never,
+        BeforeStart = 1,
+        BeforeExit = 2,
+        BeforeStartAndExit = BeforeStart | BeforeExit
+    }; };
+
+    class TestSpec;
+    class IStream;
+
+    class IConfig : public Detail::NonCopyable {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IConfig();
+
+        virtual bool allowThrows() const = 0;
+        virtual StringRef name() const = 0;
+        virtual bool includeSuccessfulResults() const = 0;
+        virtual bool shouldDebugBreak() const = 0;
+        virtual bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const = 0;
+        virtual bool warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() const = 0;
+        virtual bool zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() const = 0;
+        virtual int abortAfter() const = 0;
+        virtual bool showInvisibles() const = 0;
+        virtual ShowDurations showDurations() const = 0;
+        virtual double minDuration() const = 0;
+        virtual TestSpec const& testSpec() const = 0;
+        virtual bool hasTestFilters() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getTestsOrTags() const = 0;
+        virtual TestRunOrder runOrder() const = 0;
+        virtual uint32_t rngSeed() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int shardCount() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int shardIndex() const = 0;
+        virtual ColourMode defaultColourMode() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const = 0;
+        virtual Verbosity verbosity() const = 0;
+
+        virtual bool skipBenchmarks() const = 0;
+        virtual bool benchmarkNoAnalysis() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int benchmarkSamples() const = 0;
+        virtual double benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int benchmarkResamples() const = 0;
+        virtual std::chrono::milliseconds benchmarkWarmupTime() const = 0;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_REGISTRY_HUB_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_REGISTRY_HUB_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class ITestCaseRegistry;
+    class IExceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+    class IExceptionTranslator;
+    class ReporterRegistry;
+    class IReporterFactory;
+    class ITagAliasRegistry;
+    class ITestInvoker;
+    class IMutableEnumValuesRegistry;
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+
+    class StartupExceptionRegistry;
+    class EventListenerFactory;
+
+    using IReporterFactoryPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+
+    class IRegistryHub {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IRegistryHub(); // = default
+
+        virtual ReporterRegistry const& getReporterRegistry() const = 0;
+        virtual ITestCaseRegistry const& getTestCaseRegistry() const = 0;
+        virtual ITagAliasRegistry const& getTagAliasRegistry() const = 0;
+        virtual IExceptionTranslatorRegistry const& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() const = 0;
+
+
+        virtual StartupExceptionRegistry const& getStartupExceptionRegistry() const = 0;
+    };
+
+    class IMutableRegistryHub {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IMutableRegistryHub(); // = default
+        virtual void registerReporter( std::string const& name, IReporterFactoryPtr factory ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerListener( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerTest(Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>&& testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker>&& invoker) = 0;
+        virtual void registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerTagAlias( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerStartupException() noexcept = 0;
+        virtual IMutableEnumValuesRegistry& getMutableEnumValuesRegistry() = 0;
+    };
+
+    IRegistryHub const& getRegistryHub();
+    IMutableRegistryHub& getMutableRegistryHub();
+    void cleanUp();
+    std::string translateActiveException();
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_REGISTRY_HUB_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ESTIMATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ESTIMATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        template <typename Type>
+        struct Estimate {
+            Type point;
+            Type lower_bound;
+            Type upper_bound;
+            double confidence_interval;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ESTIMATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OUTLIER_CLASSIFICATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OUTLIER_CLASSIFICATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct OutlierClassification {
+            int samples_seen = 0;
+            int low_severe = 0;     // more than 3 times IQR below Q1
+            int low_mild = 0;       // 1.5 to 3 times IQR below Q1
+            int high_mild = 0;      // 1.5 to 3 times IQR above Q3
+            int high_severe = 0;    // more than 3 times IQR above Q3
+
+            int total() const {
+                return low_severe + low_mild + high_mild + high_severe;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OUTLIERS_CLASSIFICATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+// The fwd decl & default specialization needs to be seen by VS2017 before
+// BenchmarkStats itself, or VS2017 will report compilation error.
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct BenchmarkInfo {
+        std::string name;
+        double estimatedDuration;
+        int iterations;
+        unsigned int samples;
+        unsigned int resamples;
+        double clockResolution;
+        double clockCost;
+    };
+
+    // We need to keep template parameter for backwards compatibility,
+    // but we also do not want to use the template paraneter.
+    template <class Dummy>
+    struct BenchmarkStats {
+        BenchmarkInfo info;
+
+        std::vector<Benchmark::FDuration> samples;
+        Benchmark::Estimate<Benchmark::FDuration> mean;
+        Benchmark::Estimate<Benchmark::FDuration> standardDeviation;
+        Benchmark::OutlierClassification outliers;
+        double outlierVariance;
+    };
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ENVIRONMENT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ENVIRONMENT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct EnvironmentEstimate {
+            FDuration mean;
+            OutlierClassification outliers;
+        };
+        struct Environment {
+            EnvironmentEstimate clock_resolution;
+            EnvironmentEstimate clock_cost;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ENVIRONMENT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_EXECUTION_PLAN_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_EXECUTION_PLAN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CHRONOMETER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CHRONOMETER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OPTIMIZER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OPTIMIZER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+#   include <atomic> // atomic_thread_fence
+#endif
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+        template <typename T>
+        inline void keep_memory(T* p) {
+            asm volatile("" : : "g"(p) : "memory");
+        }
+        inline void keep_memory() {
+            asm volatile("" : : : "memory");
+        }
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            inline void optimizer_barrier() { keep_memory(); }
+        } // namespace Detail
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+
+#if defined(_MSVC_VER)
+#pragma optimize("", off)
+#elif defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+// For IAR the pragma only affects the following function
+#pragma optimize=disable
+#endif
+        template <typename T>
+        inline void keep_memory(T* p) {
+            // thanks @milleniumbug
+            *reinterpret_cast<char volatile*>(p) = *reinterpret_cast<char const volatile*>(p);
+        }
+        // TODO equivalent keep_memory()
+#if defined(_MSVC_VER)
+#pragma optimize("", on)
+#endif
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            inline void optimizer_barrier() {
+                std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+#endif
+
+        template <typename T>
+        inline void deoptimize_value(T&& x) {
+            keep_memory(&x);
+        }
+
+        template <typename Fn, typename... Args>
+        inline auto invoke_deoptimized(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args) -> std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<void, decltype(fn(args...))>::value> {
+            deoptimize_value(CATCH_FORWARD(fn) (CATCH_FORWARD(args)...));
+        }
+
+        template <typename Fn, typename... Args>
+        inline auto invoke_deoptimized(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args) -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<void, decltype(fn(args...))>::value> {
+            CATCH_FORWARD((fn)) (CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+        }
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OPTIMIZER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_META_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_META_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    template <typename>
+    struct true_given : std::true_type {};
+
+    struct is_callable_tester {
+        template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+        static true_given<decltype(std::declval<Fun>()(std::declval<Args>()...))> test(int);
+        template <typename...>
+        static std::false_type test(...);
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_callable;
+
+    template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+    struct is_callable<Fun(Args...)> : decltype(is_callable_tester::test<Fun, Args...>(0)) {};
+
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_is_invocable) && __cpp_lib_is_invocable >= 201703
+    // std::result_of is deprecated in C++17 and removed in C++20. Hence, it is
+    // replaced with std::invoke_result here.
+    template <typename Func, typename... U>
+    using FunctionReturnType = std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<Func, U...>>>;
+#else
+    template <typename Func, typename... U>
+    using FunctionReturnType = std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<std::result_of_t<Func(U...)>>>;
+#endif
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+namespace mpl_{
+    struct na;
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_META_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct ChronometerConcept {
+                virtual void start() = 0;
+                virtual void finish() = 0;
+                virtual ~ChronometerConcept(); // = default;
+
+                ChronometerConcept() = default;
+                ChronometerConcept(ChronometerConcept const&) = default;
+                ChronometerConcept& operator=(ChronometerConcept const&) = default;
+            };
+            template <typename Clock>
+            struct ChronometerModel final : public ChronometerConcept {
+                void start() override { started = Clock::now(); }
+                void finish() override { finished = Clock::now(); }
+
+                IDuration elapsed() const {
+                    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+                        finished - started );
+                }
+
+                TimePoint<Clock> started;
+                TimePoint<Clock> finished;
+            };
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        struct Chronometer {
+        public:
+            template <typename Fun>
+            void measure(Fun&& fun) { measure(CATCH_FORWARD(fun), is_callable<Fun(int)>()); }
+
+            int runs() const { return repeats; }
+
+            Chronometer(Detail::ChronometerConcept& meter, int repeats_)
+                : impl(&meter)
+                , repeats(repeats_) {}
+
+        private:
+            template <typename Fun>
+            void measure(Fun&& fun, std::false_type) {
+                measure([&fun](int) { return fun(); }, std::true_type());
+            }
+
+            template <typename Fun>
+            void measure(Fun&& fun, std::true_type) {
+                Detail::optimizer_barrier();
+                impl->start();
+                for (int i = 0; i < repeats; ++i) invoke_deoptimized(fun, i);
+                impl->finish();
+                Detail::optimizer_barrier();
+            }
+
+            Detail::ChronometerConcept* impl;
+            int repeats;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CHRONOMETER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename T, typename U>
+            struct is_related
+                : std::is_same<std::decay_t<T>, std::decay_t<U>> {};
+
+            /// We need to reinvent std::function because every piece of code that might add overhead
+            /// in a measurement context needs to have consistent performance characteristics so that we
+            /// can account for it in the measurement.
+            /// Implementations of std::function with optimizations that aren't always applicable, like
+            /// small buffer optimizations, are not uncommon.
+            /// This is effectively an implementation of std::function without any such optimizations;
+            /// it may be slow, but it is consistently slow.
+            struct BenchmarkFunction {
+            private:
+                struct callable {
+                    virtual void call(Chronometer meter) const = 0;
+                    virtual Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<callable> clone() const = 0;
+                    virtual ~callable(); // = default;
+
+                    callable() = default;
+                    callable(callable const&) = default;
+                    callable& operator=(callable const&) = default;
+                };
+                template <typename Fun>
+                struct model : public callable {
+                    model(Fun&& fun_) : fun(CATCH_MOVE(fun_)) {}
+                    model(Fun const& fun_) : fun(fun_) {}
+
+                    Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<callable> clone() const override {
+                        return Catch::Detail::make_unique<model<Fun>>( *this );
+                    }
+
+                    void call(Chronometer meter) const override {
+                        call(meter, is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>());
+                    }
+                    void call(Chronometer meter, std::true_type) const {
+                        fun(meter);
+                    }
+                    void call(Chronometer meter, std::false_type) const {
+                        meter.measure(fun);
+                    }
+
+                    Fun fun;
+                };
+
+                struct do_nothing { void operator()() const {} };
+
+                template <typename T>
+                BenchmarkFunction(model<T>* c) : f(c) {}
+
+            public:
+                BenchmarkFunction()
+                    : f(new model<do_nothing>{ {} }) {}
+
+                template <typename Fun,
+                    std::enable_if_t<!is_related<Fun, BenchmarkFunction>::value, int> = 0>
+                    BenchmarkFunction(Fun&& fun)
+                    : f(new model<std::decay_t<Fun>>(CATCH_FORWARD(fun))) {}
+
+                BenchmarkFunction( BenchmarkFunction&& that ) noexcept:
+                    f( CATCH_MOVE( that.f ) ) {}
+
+                BenchmarkFunction(BenchmarkFunction const& that)
+                    : f(that.f->clone()) {}
+
+                BenchmarkFunction&
+                operator=( BenchmarkFunction&& that ) noexcept {
+                    f = CATCH_MOVE( that.f );
+                    return *this;
+                }
+
+                BenchmarkFunction& operator=(BenchmarkFunction const& that) {
+                    f = that.f->clone();
+                    return *this;
+                }
+
+                void operator()(Chronometer meter) const { f->call(meter); }
+
+            private:
+                Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<callable> f;
+            };
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPEAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPEAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Fun>
+            struct repeater {
+                void operator()(int k) const {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+                        fun();
+                    }
+                }
+                Fun fun;
+            };
+            template <typename Fun>
+            repeater<std::decay_t<Fun>> repeat(Fun&& fun) {
+                return { CATCH_FORWARD(fun) };
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPEAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RUN_FOR_AT_LEAST_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RUN_FOR_AT_LEAST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MEASURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MEASURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMPLETE_INVOKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMPLETE_INVOKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename T>
+            struct CompleteType { using type = T; };
+            template <>
+            struct CompleteType<void> { struct type {}; };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            using CompleteType_t = typename CompleteType<T>::type;
+
+            template <typename Result>
+            struct CompleteInvoker {
+                template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+                static Result invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                    return CATCH_FORWARD(fun)(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                }
+            };
+            template <>
+            struct CompleteInvoker<void> {
+                template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+                static CompleteType_t<void> invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                    CATCH_FORWARD(fun)(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                    return {};
+                }
+            };
+
+            // invoke and not return void :(
+            template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+            CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Fun, Args...>> complete_invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                return CompleteInvoker<FunctionReturnType<Fun, Args...>>::invoke(CATCH_FORWARD(fun), CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+            }
+
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        template <typename Fun>
+        Detail::CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Fun>> user_code(Fun&& fun) {
+            return Detail::complete_invoke(CATCH_FORWARD(fun));
+        }
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMPLETE_INVOKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TIMING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TIMING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        template <typename Result>
+        struct Timing {
+            IDuration elapsed;
+            Result result;
+            int iterations;
+        };
+        template <typename Func, typename... Args>
+        using TimingOf = Timing<Detail::CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Func, Args...>>>;
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TIMING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun, typename... Args>
+            TimingOf<Fun, Args...> measure(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                auto start = Clock::now();
+                auto&& r = Detail::complete_invoke(fun, CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                auto end = Clock::now();
+                auto delta = end - start;
+                return { delta, CATCH_FORWARD(r), 1 };
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MEASURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            TimingOf<Fun, int> measure_one(Fun&& fun, int iters, std::false_type) {
+                return Detail::measure<Clock>(fun, iters);
+            }
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            TimingOf<Fun, Chronometer> measure_one(Fun&& fun, int iters, std::true_type) {
+                Detail::ChronometerModel<Clock> meter;
+                auto&& result = Detail::complete_invoke(fun, Chronometer(meter, iters));
+
+                return { meter.elapsed(), CATCH_MOVE(result), iters };
+            }
+
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            using run_for_at_least_argument_t = std::conditional_t<is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>::value, Chronometer, int>;
+
+
+            [[noreturn]]
+            void throw_optimized_away_error();
+
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            TimingOf<Fun, run_for_at_least_argument_t<Clock, Fun>>
+                run_for_at_least(IDuration how_long,
+                                 const int initial_iterations,
+                                 Fun&& fun) {
+                auto iters = initial_iterations;
+                while (iters < (1 << 30)) {
+                    auto&& Timing = measure_one<Clock>(fun, iters, is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>());
+
+                    if (Timing.elapsed >= how_long) {
+                        return { Timing.elapsed, CATCH_MOVE(Timing.result), iters };
+                    }
+                    iters *= 2;
+                }
+                throw_optimized_away_error();
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RUN_FOR_AT_LEAST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct ExecutionPlan {
+            int iterations_per_sample;
+            FDuration estimated_duration;
+            Detail::BenchmarkFunction benchmark;
+            FDuration warmup_time;
+            int warmup_iterations;
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            std::vector<FDuration> run(const IConfig &cfg, Environment env) const {
+                // warmup a bit
+                Detail::run_for_at_least<Clock>(
+                    std::chrono::duration_cast<IDuration>( warmup_time ),
+                    warmup_iterations,
+                    Detail::repeat( []() { return Clock::now(); } )
+                );
+
+                std::vector<FDuration> times;
+                const auto num_samples = cfg.benchmarkSamples();
+                times.reserve( num_samples );
+                for ( size_t i = 0; i < num_samples; ++i ) {
+                    Detail::ChronometerModel<Clock> model;
+                    this->benchmark( Chronometer( model, iterations_per_sample ) );
+                    auto sample_time = model.elapsed() - env.clock_cost.mean;
+                    if ( sample_time < FDuration::zero() ) {
+                        sample_time = FDuration::zero();
+                    }
+                    times.push_back(sample_time / iterations_per_sample);
+                }
+                return times;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_EXECUTION_PLAN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ESTIMATE_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ESTIMATE_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            using sample = std::vector<double>;
+
+            double weighted_average_quantile( int k,
+                                              int q,
+                                              double* first,
+                                              double* last );
+
+            OutlierClassification
+            classify_outliers( double const* first, double const* last );
+
+            double mean( double const* first, double const* last );
+
+            double normal_cdf( double x );
+
+            double erfc_inv(double x);
+
+            double normal_quantile(double p);
+
+            Estimate<double>
+            bootstrap( double confidence_level,
+                       double* first,
+                       double* last,
+                       sample const& resample,
+                       double ( *estimator )( double const*, double const* ) );
+
+            struct bootstrap_analysis {
+                Estimate<double> mean;
+                Estimate<double> standard_deviation;
+                double outlier_variance;
+            };
+
+            bootstrap_analysis analyse_samples(double confidence_level,
+                                               unsigned int n_resamples,
+                                               double* first,
+                                               double* last);
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Clock>
+            std::vector<double> resolution(int k) {
+                std::vector<TimePoint<Clock>> times;
+                times.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(k + 1));
+                for ( int i = 0; i < k + 1; ++i ) {
+                    times.push_back( Clock::now() );
+                }
+
+                std::vector<double> deltas;
+                deltas.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(k));
+                for ( size_t idx = 1; idx < times.size(); ++idx ) {
+                    deltas.push_back( static_cast<double>(
+                        ( times[idx] - times[idx - 1] ).count() ) );
+                }
+
+                return deltas;
+            }
+
+            constexpr auto warmup_iterations = 10000;
+            constexpr auto warmup_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+            constexpr auto minimum_ticks = 1000;
+            constexpr auto warmup_seed = 10000;
+            constexpr auto clock_resolution_estimation_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_time_limit = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_tick_limit = 100000;
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(10);
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_iterations = 10000;
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            int warmup() {
+                return run_for_at_least<Clock>(warmup_time, warmup_seed, &resolution<Clock>)
+                    .iterations;
+            }
+            template <typename Clock>
+            EnvironmentEstimate estimate_clock_resolution(int iterations) {
+                auto r = run_for_at_least<Clock>(clock_resolution_estimation_time, iterations, &resolution<Clock>)
+                    .result;
+                return {
+                    FDuration(mean(r.data(), r.data() + r.size())),
+                    classify_outliers(r.data(), r.data() + r.size()),
+                };
+            }
+            template <typename Clock>
+            EnvironmentEstimate estimate_clock_cost(FDuration resolution) {
+                auto time_limit = (std::min)(
+                    resolution * clock_cost_estimation_tick_limit,
+                    FDuration(clock_cost_estimation_time_limit));
+                auto time_clock = [](int k) {
+                    return Detail::measure<Clock>([k] {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+                            volatile auto ignored = Clock::now();
+                            (void)ignored;
+                        }
+                    }).elapsed;
+                };
+                time_clock(1);
+                int iters = clock_cost_estimation_iterations;
+                auto&& r = run_for_at_least<Clock>(clock_cost_estimation_time, iters, time_clock);
+                std::vector<double> times;
+                int nsamples = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(time_limit / r.elapsed));
+                times.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(nsamples));
+                for ( int s = 0; s < nsamples; ++s ) {
+                    times.push_back( static_cast<double>(
+                        ( time_clock( r.iterations ) / r.iterations )
+                            .count() ) );
+                }
+                return {
+                    FDuration(mean(times.data(), times.data() + times.size())),
+                    classify_outliers(times.data(), times.data() + times.size()),
+                };
+            }
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            Environment measure_environment() {
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+#endif
+                static Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<Environment> env;
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+                if (env) {
+                    return *env;
+                }
+
+                auto iters = Detail::warmup<Clock>();
+                auto resolution = Detail::estimate_clock_resolution<Clock>(iters);
+                auto cost = Detail::estimate_clock_cost<Clock>(resolution.mean);
+
+                env = Catch::Detail::make_unique<Environment>( Environment{resolution, cost} );
+                return *env;
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ESTIMATE_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ANALYSE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ANALYSE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SAMPLE_ANALYSIS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SAMPLE_ANALYSIS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct SampleAnalysis {
+            std::vector<FDuration> samples;
+            Estimate<FDuration> mean;
+            Estimate<FDuration> standard_deviation;
+            OutlierClassification outliers;
+            double outlier_variance;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SAMPLE_ANALYSIS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class IConfig;
+
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            SampleAnalysis analyse(const IConfig &cfg, FDuration* first, FDuration* last);
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ANALYSE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct Benchmark {
+            Benchmark(std::string&& benchmarkName)
+                : name(CATCH_MOVE(benchmarkName)) {}
+
+            template <class FUN>
+            Benchmark(std::string&& benchmarkName , FUN &&func)
+                : fun(CATCH_MOVE(func)), name(CATCH_MOVE(benchmarkName)) {}
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            ExecutionPlan prepare(const IConfig &cfg, Environment env) const {
+                auto min_time = env.clock_resolution.mean * Detail::minimum_ticks;
+                auto run_time = std::max(min_time, std::chrono::duration_cast<decltype(min_time)>(cfg.benchmarkWarmupTime()));
+                auto&& test = Detail::run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<IDuration>(run_time), 1, fun);
+                int new_iters = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(min_time * test.iterations / test.elapsed));
+                return { new_iters, test.elapsed / test.iterations * new_iters * cfg.benchmarkSamples(), fun, std::chrono::duration_cast<FDuration>(cfg.benchmarkWarmupTime()), Detail::warmup_iterations };
+            }
+
+            template <typename Clock = default_clock>
+            void run() {
+                static_assert( Clock::is_steady,
+                               "Benchmarking clock should be steady" );
+                auto const* cfg = getCurrentContext().getConfig();
+
+                auto env = Detail::measure_environment<Clock>();
+
+                getResultCapture().benchmarkPreparing(name);
+                CATCH_TRY{
+                    auto plan = user_code([&] {
+                        return prepare<Clock>(*cfg, env);
+                    });
+
+                    BenchmarkInfo info {
+                        CATCH_MOVE(name),
+                        plan.estimated_duration.count(),
+                        plan.iterations_per_sample,
+                        cfg->benchmarkSamples(),
+                        cfg->benchmarkResamples(),
+                        env.clock_resolution.mean.count(),
+                        env.clock_cost.mean.count()
+                    };
+
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkStarting(info);
+
+                    auto samples = user_code([&] {
+                        return plan.template run<Clock>(*cfg, env);
+                    });
+
+                    auto analysis = Detail::analyse(*cfg, samples.data(), samples.data() + samples.size());
+                    BenchmarkStats<> stats{ CATCH_MOVE(info), CATCH_MOVE(analysis.samples), analysis.mean, analysis.standard_deviation, analysis.outliers, analysis.outlier_variance };
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkEnded(stats);
+                } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestFailureException const&) {
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkFailed("Benchmark failed due to failed assertion"_sr);
+                } CATCH_CATCH_ALL{
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkFailed(translateActiveException());
+                    // We let the exception go further up so that the
+                    // test case is marked as failed.
+                    std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+                }
+            }
+
+            // sets lambda to be used in fun *and* executes benchmark!
+            template <typename Fun, std::enable_if_t<!Detail::is_related<Fun, Benchmark>::value, int> = 0>
+                Benchmark & operator=(Fun func) {
+                auto const* cfg = getCurrentContext().getConfig();
+                if (!cfg->skipBenchmarks()) {
+                    fun = Detail::BenchmarkFunction(func);
+                    run();
+                }
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            explicit operator bool() {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            Detail::BenchmarkFunction fun;
+            std::string name;
+        };
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg1
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg2
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(BenchmarkName, name, benchmarkIndex)\
+    if( Catch::Benchmark::Benchmark BenchmarkName{name} ) \
+        BenchmarkName = [&](int benchmarkIndex)
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(BenchmarkName, name)\
+    if( Catch::Benchmark::Benchmark BenchmarkName{name} ) \
+        BenchmarkName = [&]
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL)
+
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK(...) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,))
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(name) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), name)
+
+#else
+
+#define BENCHMARK(...) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,))
+#define BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(name) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), name)
+
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONSTRUCTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONSTRUCTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename T, bool Destruct>
+            struct ObjectStorage
+            {
+                ObjectStorage() = default;
+
+                ObjectStorage(const ObjectStorage& other)
+                {
+                    new(&data) T(other.stored_object());
+                }
+
+                ObjectStorage(ObjectStorage&& other)
+                {
+                    new(data) T(CATCH_MOVE(other.stored_object()));
+                }
+
+                ~ObjectStorage() { destruct_on_exit<T>(); }
+
+                template <typename... Args>
+                void construct(Args&&... args)
+                {
+                    new (data) T(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                }
+
+                template <bool AllowManualDestruction = !Destruct>
+                std::enable_if_t<AllowManualDestruction> destruct()
+                {
+                    stored_object().~T();
+                }
+
+            private:
+                // If this is a constructor benchmark, destruct the underlying object
+                template <typename U>
+                void destruct_on_exit(std::enable_if_t<Destruct, U>* = nullptr) { destruct<true>(); }
+                // Otherwise, don't
+                template <typename U>
+                void destruct_on_exit(std::enable_if_t<!Destruct, U>* = nullptr) { }
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && __GNUC__ <= 6
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif
+                T& stored_object() { return *reinterpret_cast<T*>( data ); }
+
+                T const& stored_object() const {
+                    return *reinterpret_cast<T const*>( data );
+                }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && __GNUC__ <= 6
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+                alignas( T ) unsigned char data[sizeof( T )]{};
+            };
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using storage_for = Detail::ObjectStorage<T, true>;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using destructable_object = Detail::ObjectStorage<T, false>;
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONSTRUCTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TOSTRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TOSTRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the WCHAR configuration option
+ *
+ * We want to support platforms that do not provide `wchar_t`, so we
+ * sometimes have to disable providing wchar_t overloads through Catch2,
+ * e.g. the StringMaker specialization for `std::wstring`.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// We assume that WCHAR should be enabled by default, and only disabled
+// for a shortlist (so far only DJGPP) of compilers.
+
+#if defined(__DJGPP__)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR
+#endif // __DJGPP__
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REUSABLE_STRING_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REUSABLE_STRING_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ReusableStringStream : Detail::NonCopyable {
+        std::size_t m_index;
+        std::ostream* m_oss;
+    public:
+        ReusableStringStream();
+        ~ReusableStringStream();
+
+        //! Returns the serialized state
+        std::string str() const;
+        //! Sets internal state to `str`
+        void str(std::string const& str);
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+// Old versions of GCC do not understand -Wnonnull-compare
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"
+// Streaming a function pointer triggers Waddress and Wnonnull-compare
+// on GCC, because it implicitly converts it to bool and then decides
+// that the check it uses (a? true : false) is tautological and cannot
+// be null...
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Waddress"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnonnull-compare"
+#endif
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator << ( T const& value ) -> ReusableStringStream& {
+            *m_oss << value;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+        auto get() -> std::ostream& { return *m_oss; }
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_REUSABLE_STRING_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_VOID_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_VOID_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <typename...>
+        struct make_void { using type = void; };
+
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        using void_t = typename make_void<Ts...>::type;
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_VOID_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        struct EnumInfo {
+            StringRef m_name;
+            std::vector<std::pair<int, StringRef>> m_values;
+
+            ~EnumInfo();
+
+            StringRef lookup( int value ) const;
+        };
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    class IMutableEnumValuesRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IMutableEnumValuesRegistry(); // = default;
+
+        virtual Detail::EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::vector<int> const& values ) = 0;
+
+        template<typename E>
+        Detail::EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::initializer_list<E> values ) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(int) >= sizeof(E), "Cannot serialize enum to int");
+            std::vector<int> intValues;
+            intValues.reserve( values.size() );
+            for( auto enumValue : values )
+                intValues.push_back( static_cast<int>( enumValue ) );
+            return registerEnum( enumName, allEnums, intValues );
+        }
+    };
+
+} // Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+#include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4180) // We attempt to stream a function (address) by const&, which MSVC complains about but is harmless
+#endif
+
+// We need a dummy global operator<< so we can bring it into Catch namespace later
+struct Catch_global_namespace_dummy{};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Catch_global_namespace_dummy);
+
+namespace Catch {
+    // Bring in global namespace operator<< for ADL lookup in
+    // `IsStreamInsertable` below.
+    using ::operator<<;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        inline std::size_t catch_strnlen(const char *str, std::size_t n) {
+            auto ret = std::char_traits<char>::find(str, n, '\0');
+            if (ret != nullptr) {
+                return static_cast<std::size_t>(ret - str);
+            }
+            return n;
+        }
+
+        constexpr StringRef unprintableString = "{?}"_sr;
+
+        //! Encases `string in quotes, and optionally escapes invisibles
+        std::string convertIntoString( StringRef string, bool escapeInvisibles );
+
+        //! Encases `string` in quotes, and escapes invisibles if user requested
+        //! it via CLI
+        std::string convertIntoString( StringRef string );
+
+        std::string rawMemoryToString( const void *object, std::size_t size );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::string rawMemoryToString( const T& object ) {
+          return rawMemoryToString( &object, sizeof(object) );
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        class IsStreamInsertable {
+            template<typename Stream, typename U>
+            static auto test(int)
+                -> decltype(std::declval<Stream&>() << std::declval<U>(), std::true_type());
+
+            template<typename, typename>
+            static auto test(...)->std::false_type;
+
+        public:
+            static const bool value = decltype(test<std::ostream, const T&>(0))::value;
+        };
+
+        template<typename E>
+        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            !std::is_enum<T>::value && !std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
+        std::string> convertUnstreamable( T const& ) {
+            return std::string(Detail::unprintableString);
+        }
+        template<typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            !std::is_enum<T>::value && std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
+         std::string> convertUnstreamable(T const& ex) {
+            return ex.what();
+        }
+
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            std::is_enum<T>::value,
+        std::string> convertUnstreamable( T const& value ) {
+            return convertUnknownEnumToString( value );
+        }
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED)
+        //! Convert a CLR string to a utf8 std::string
+        template<typename T>
+        std::string clrReferenceToString( T^ ref ) {
+            if (ref == nullptr)
+                return std::string("null");
+            auto bytes = System::Text::Encoding::UTF8->GetBytes(ref->ToString());
+            cli::pin_ptr<System::Byte> p = &bytes[0];
+            return std::string(reinterpret_cast<char const *>(p), bytes->Length);
+        }
+#endif
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+
+    template <typename T, typename = void>
+    struct StringMaker {
+        template <typename Fake = T>
+        static
+        std::enable_if_t<::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>
+            convert(const Fake& value) {
+                ReusableStringStream rss;
+                // NB: call using the function-like syntax to avoid ambiguity with
+                // user-defined templated operator<< under clang.
+                rss.operator<<(value);
+                return rss.str();
+        }
+
+        template <typename Fake = T>
+        static
+        std::enable_if_t<!::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>
+            convert( const Fake& value ) {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER)
+            return Detail::convertUnstreamable(value);
+#else
+            return CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER(value);
+#endif
+        }
+    };
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        // This function dispatches all stringification requests inside of Catch.
+        // Should be preferably called fully qualified, like ::Catch::Detail::stringify
+        template <typename T>
+        std::string stringify(const T& e) {
+            return ::Catch::StringMaker<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>::convert(e);
+        }
+
+        template<typename E>
+        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e ) {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<E>>(e));
+        }
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED)
+        template <typename T>
+        std::string stringify( T^ e ) {
+            return ::Catch::StringMaker<T^>::convert(e);
+        }
+#endif
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    // Some predefined specializations
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::string> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::string& str);
+    };
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::string_view> {
+        static std::string convert(std::string_view str);
+    };
+#endif
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<char const *> {
+        static std::string convert(char const * str);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<char *> {
+        static std::string convert(char * str);
+    };
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR)
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::wstring> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::wstring& wstr);
+    };
+
+# ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::wstring_view> {
+        static std::string convert(std::wstring_view str);
+    };
+# endif
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<wchar_t const *> {
+        static std::string convert(wchar_t const * str);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<wchar_t *> {
+        static std::string convert(wchar_t * str);
+    };
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
+
+    template<size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<char[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(char const* str) {
+            return Detail::convertIntoString(
+                StringRef( str, Detail::catch_strnlen( str, SZ ) ) );
+        }
+    };
+    template<size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<signed char[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(signed char const* str) {
+            auto reinterpreted = reinterpret_cast<char const*>(str);
+            return Detail::convertIntoString(
+                StringRef(reinterpreted, Detail::catch_strnlen(reinterpreted, SZ)));
+        }
+    };
+    template<size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned char[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned char const* str) {
+            auto reinterpreted = reinterpret_cast<char const*>(str);
+            return Detail::convertIntoString(
+                StringRef(reinterpreted, Detail::catch_strnlen(reinterpreted, SZ)));
+        }
+    };
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::byte> {
+        static std::string convert(std::byte value);
+    };
+#endif // defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<int> {
+        static std::string convert(int value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<long> {
+        static std::string convert(long value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<long long> {
+        static std::string convert(long long value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned int> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned int value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned long> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned long value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned long long> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned long long value);
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<bool> {
+        static std::string convert(bool b) {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return b ? "true"s : "false"s;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<char> {
+        static std::string convert(char c);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<signed char> {
+        static std::string convert(signed char value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned char> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned char value);
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::nullptr_t> {
+        static std::string convert(std::nullptr_t) {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "nullptr"s;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<float> {
+        static std::string convert(float value);
+        CATCH_EXPORT static int precision;
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<double> {
+        static std::string convert(double value);
+        CATCH_EXPORT static int precision;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringMaker<T*> {
+        template <typename U>
+        static std::string convert(U* p) {
+            if (p) {
+                return ::Catch::Detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+            } else {
+                return "nullptr";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename R, typename C>
+    struct StringMaker<R C::*> {
+        static std::string convert(R C::* p) {
+            if (p) {
+                return ::Catch::Detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+            } else {
+                return "nullptr";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED)
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringMaker<T^> {
+        static std::string convert( T^ ref ) {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::clrReferenceToString(ref);
+        }
+    };
+#endif
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        template<typename InputIterator, typename Sentinel = InputIterator>
+        std::string rangeToString(InputIterator first, Sentinel last) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << "{ ";
+            if (first != last) {
+                rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
+                for (++first; first != last; ++first)
+                    rss << ", " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
+            }
+            rss << " }";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Separate std-lib types stringification, so it can be selectively enabled
+// This means that we do not bring in their headers
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_ALL_STRINGMAKERS)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER
+#endif
+
+// Separate std::pair specialization
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER)
+#include <utility>
+namespace Catch {
+    template<typename T1, typename T2>
+    struct StringMaker<std::pair<T1, T2> > {
+        static std::string convert(const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << "{ "
+                << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(pair.first)
+                << ", "
+                << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(pair.second)
+                << " }";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL)
+#include <optional>
+namespace Catch {
+    template<typename T>
+    struct StringMaker<std::optional<T> > {
+        static std::string convert(const std::optional<T>& optional) {
+            if (optional.has_value()) {
+                return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*optional);
+            } else {
+                return "{ }";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    template <>
+    struct StringMaker<std::nullopt_t> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::nullopt_t&) {
+            return "{ }";
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER
+
+// Separate std::tuple specialization
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER)
+#include <tuple>
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        template<
+            typename Tuple,
+            std::size_t N = 0,
+            bool = (N < std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value)
+            >
+            struct TupleElementPrinter {
+            static void print(const Tuple& tuple, std::ostream& os) {
+                os << (N ? ", " : " ")
+                    << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::get<N>(tuple));
+                TupleElementPrinter<Tuple, N + 1>::print(tuple, os);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template<
+            typename Tuple,
+            std::size_t N
+        >
+            struct TupleElementPrinter<Tuple, N, false> {
+            static void print(const Tuple&, std::ostream&) {}
+        };
+
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename ...Types>
+    struct StringMaker<std::tuple<Types...>> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::tuple<Types...>& tuple) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << '{';
+            Detail::TupleElementPrinter<std::tuple<Types...>>::print(tuple, rss.get());
+            rss << " }";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+namespace Catch {
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::monostate> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::monostate&) {
+            return "{ }";
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename... Elements>
+    struct StringMaker<std::variant<Elements...>> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::variant<Elements...>& variant) {
+            if (variant.valueless_by_exception()) {
+                return "{valueless variant}";
+            } else {
+                return std::visit(
+                    [](const auto& value) {
+                        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(value);
+                    },
+                    variant
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER
+
+namespace Catch {
+    // Import begin/ end from std here
+    using std::begin;
+    using std::end;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        template <typename T, typename = void>
+        struct is_range_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct is_range_impl<T, void_t<decltype(begin(std::declval<T>()))>> : std::true_type {};
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_range : Detail::is_range_impl<T> {};
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED) // Managed types are never ranges
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_range<T^> {
+        static const bool value = false;
+    };
+#endif
+
+    template<typename Range>
+    std::string rangeToString( Range const& range ) {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::rangeToString( begin( range ), end( range ) );
+    }
+
+    // Handle vector<bool> specially
+    template<typename Allocator>
+    std::string rangeToString( std::vector<bool, Allocator> const& v ) {
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << "{ ";
+        bool first = true;
+        for( bool b : v ) {
+            if( first )
+                first = false;
+            else
+                rss << ", ";
+            rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( b );
+        }
+        rss << " }";
+        return rss.str();
+    }
+
+    template<typename R>
+    struct StringMaker<R, std::enable_if_t<is_range<R>::value && !::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<R>::value>> {
+        static std::string convert( R const& range ) {
+            return rangeToString( range );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<T[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(T const(&arr)[SZ]) {
+            return rangeToString(arr);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+// Separate std::chrono::duration specialization
+#include <ctime>
+#include <ratio>
+#include <chrono>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+template <class Ratio>
+struct ratio_string {
+    static std::string symbol() {
+        Catch::ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << '[' << Ratio::num << '/'
+            << Ratio::den << ']';
+        return rss.str();
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::atto> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'a'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::femto> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'f'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::pico> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'p'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::nano> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'n'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::micro> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'u'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::milli> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'm'; }
+};
+
+    ////////////
+    // std::chrono::duration specializations
+    template<typename Value, typename Ratio>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, Ratio>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, Ratio> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << ' ' << ratio_string<Ratio>::symbol() << 's';
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+    template<typename Value>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<1>>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<1>> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << " s";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+    template<typename Value>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<60>>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<60>> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << " m";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+    template<typename Value>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<3600>>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<3600>> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << " h";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+
+    ////////////
+    // std::chrono::time_point specialization
+    // Generic time_point cannot be specialized, only std::chrono::time_point<system_clock>
+    template<typename Clock, typename Duration>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration> const& time_point) {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(time_point.time_since_epoch()) + " since epoch";
+        }
+    };
+    // std::chrono::time_point<system_clock> specialization
+    template<typename Duration>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> const& time_point) {
+            auto converted = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point);
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            std::tm timeInfo = {};
+            gmtime_s(&timeInfo, &converted);
+#else
+            std::tm* timeInfo = std::gmtime(&converted);
+#endif
+
+            auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+            char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+            const char * const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, &timeInfo);
+#else
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+#endif
+            return std::string(timeStamp, timeStampSize - 1);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, ... ) \
+namespace Catch { \
+    template<> struct StringMaker<enumName> { \
+        static std::string convert( enumName value ) { \
+            static const auto& enumInfo = ::Catch::getMutableRegistryHub().getMutableEnumValuesRegistry().registerEnum( #enumName, #__VA_ARGS__, { __VA_ARGS__ } ); \
+            return static_cast<std::string>(enumInfo.lookup( static_cast<int>( value ) )); \
+        } \
+    }; \
+}
+
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TOSTRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Approx {
+    private:
+        bool equalityComparisonImpl(double other) const;
+        // Sets and validates the new margin (margin >= 0)
+        void setMargin(double margin);
+        // Sets and validates the new epsilon (0 < epsilon < 1)
+        void setEpsilon(double epsilon);
+
+    public:
+        explicit Approx ( double value );
+
+        static Approx custom();
+
+        Approx operator-() const;
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx operator()( T const& value ) const {
+            Approx approx( static_cast<double>(value) );
+            approx.m_epsilon = m_epsilon;
+            approx.m_margin = m_margin;
+            approx.m_scale = m_scale;
+            return approx;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        explicit Approx( T const& value ): Approx(static_cast<double>(value))
+        {}
+
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator == ( const T& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            auto lhs_v = static_cast<double>(lhs);
+            return rhs.equalityComparisonImpl(lhs_v);
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator == ( Approx const& lhs, const T& rhs ) {
+            return operator==( rhs, lhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator != ( T const& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return !operator==( lhs, rhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator != ( Approx const& lhs, T const& rhs ) {
+            return !operator==( rhs, lhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator <= ( T const& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return static_cast<double>(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator <= ( Approx const& lhs, T const& rhs ) {
+            return lhs.m_value < static_cast<double>(rhs) || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator >= ( T const& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return static_cast<double>(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator >= ( Approx const& lhs, T const& rhs ) {
+            return lhs.m_value > static_cast<double>(rhs) || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx& epsilon( T const& newEpsilon ) {
+            const auto epsilonAsDouble = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+            setEpsilon(epsilonAsDouble);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx& margin( T const& newMargin ) {
+            const auto marginAsDouble = static_cast<double>(newMargin);
+            setMargin(marginAsDouble);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx& scale( T const& newScale ) {
+            m_scale = static_cast<double>(newScale);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::string toString() const;
+
+    private:
+        double m_epsilon;
+        double m_margin;
+        double m_scale;
+        double m_value;
+    };
+
+namespace literals {
+    Approx operator ""_a(long double val);
+    Approx operator ""_a(unsigned long long val);
+} // end namespace literals
+
+template<>
+struct StringMaker<Catch::Approx> {
+    static std::string convert(Catch::Approx const& value);
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ASSERTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ASSERTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SOURCE_LINE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SOURCE_LINE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SourceLineInfo {
+
+        SourceLineInfo() = delete;
+        constexpr SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line ) noexcept:
+            file( _file ),
+            line( _line )
+        {}
+
+        bool operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept;
+        bool operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept;
+
+        char const* file;
+        std::size_t line;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info);
+    };
+}
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO \
+    ::Catch::SourceLineInfo( __FILE__, static_cast<std::size_t>( __LINE__ ) )
+
+#endif // CATCH_SOURCE_LINE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AssertionInfo {
+        // AssertionInfo() = delete;
+
+        StringRef macroName;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+        StringRef capturedExpression;
+        ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ASSERTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ASSERTION_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ASSERTION_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LAZY_EXPR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LAZY_EXPR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ITransientExpression;
+
+    class LazyExpression {
+        friend class AssertionHandler;
+        friend struct AssertionStats;
+        friend class RunContext;
+
+        ITransientExpression const* m_transientExpression = nullptr;
+        bool m_isNegated;
+    public:
+        LazyExpression( bool isNegated ):
+            m_isNegated(isNegated)
+        {}
+        LazyExpression(LazyExpression const& other) = default;
+        LazyExpression& operator = ( LazyExpression const& ) = delete;
+
+        explicit operator bool() const {
+            return m_transientExpression != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        friend auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, LazyExpression const& lazyExpr ) -> std::ostream&;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_LAZY_EXPR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AssertionResultData
+    {
+        AssertionResultData() = delete;
+
+        AssertionResultData( ResultWas::OfType _resultType, LazyExpression const& _lazyExpression );
+
+        std::string message;
+        mutable std::string reconstructedExpression;
+        LazyExpression lazyExpression;
+        ResultWas::OfType resultType;
+
+        std::string reconstructExpression() const;
+    };
+
+    class AssertionResult {
+    public:
+        AssertionResult() = delete;
+        AssertionResult( AssertionInfo const& info, AssertionResultData&& data );
+
+        bool isOk() const;
+        bool succeeded() const;
+        ResultWas::OfType getResultType() const;
+        bool hasExpression() const;
+        bool hasMessage() const;
+        std::string getExpression() const;
+        std::string getExpressionInMacro() const;
+        bool hasExpandedExpression() const;
+        std::string getExpandedExpression() const;
+        StringRef getMessage() const;
+        SourceLineInfo getSourceInfo() const;
+        StringRef getTestMacroName() const;
+
+    //protected:
+        AssertionInfo m_info;
+        AssertionResultData m_resultData;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ASSERTION_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_SPEC_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_SPEC_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CASE_SENSITIVE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CASE_SENSITIVE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class CaseSensitive { Yes, No };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CASE_SENSITIVE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch
+{
+    class WildcardPattern {
+        enum WildcardPosition {
+            NoWildcard = 0,
+            WildcardAtStart = 1,
+            WildcardAtEnd = 2,
+            WildcardAtBothEnds = WildcardAtStart | WildcardAtEnd
+        };
+
+    public:
+
+        WildcardPattern( std::string const& pattern, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity );
+        bool matches( std::string const& str ) const;
+
+    private:
+        std::string normaliseString( std::string const& str ) const;
+        CaseSensitive m_caseSensitivity;
+        WildcardPosition m_wildcard = NoWildcard;
+        std::string m_pattern;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IConfig;
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+
+    class TestSpec {
+
+        class Pattern {
+        public:
+            explicit Pattern( std::string const& name );
+            virtual ~Pattern();
+            virtual bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const = 0;
+            std::string const& name() const;
+        private:
+            virtual void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const = 0;
+            // Writes string that would be reparsed into the pattern
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                            Pattern const& pattern) {
+                pattern.serializeTo( out );
+                return out;
+            }
+
+            std::string const m_name;
+        };
+
+        class NamePattern : public Pattern {
+        public:
+            explicit NamePattern( std::string const& name, std::string const& filterString );
+            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+        private:
+            void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const override;
+
+            WildcardPattern m_wildcardPattern;
+        };
+
+        class TagPattern : public Pattern {
+        public:
+            explicit TagPattern( std::string const& tag, std::string const& filterString );
+            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+        private:
+            void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const override;
+
+            std::string m_tag;
+        };
+
+        struct Filter {
+            std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<Pattern>> m_required;
+            std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<Pattern>> m_forbidden;
+
+            //! Serializes this filter into a string that would be parsed into
+            //! an equivalent filter
+            void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const;
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, Filter const& f) {
+                f.serializeTo( out );
+                return out;
+            }
+
+            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
+        };
+
+        static std::string extractFilterName( Filter const& filter );
+
+    public:
+        struct FilterMatch {
+            std::string name;
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle const*> tests;
+        };
+        using Matches = std::vector<FilterMatch>;
+        using vectorStrings = std::vector<std::string>;
+
+        bool hasFilters() const;
+        bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
+        Matches matchesByFilter( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, IConfig const& config ) const;
+        const vectorStrings & getInvalidSpecs() const;
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<Filter> m_filters;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_invalidSpecs;
+
+        friend class TestSpecParser;
+        //! Serializes this test spec into a string that would be parsed into
+        //! equivalent test spec
+        void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const;
+        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                        TestSpec const& spec) {
+            spec.serializeTo( out );
+            return out;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_SPEC_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OPTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OPTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // An optional type
+    template<typename T>
+    class Optional {
+    public:
+        Optional(): nullableValue( nullptr ) {}
+        ~Optional() { reset(); }
+
+        Optional( T const& _value ):
+            nullableValue( new ( storage ) T( _value ) ) {}
+        Optional( T&& _value ):
+            nullableValue( new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( _value ) ) ) {}
+
+        Optional& operator=( T const& _value ) {
+            reset();
+            nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( _value );
+            return *this;
+        }
+        Optional& operator=( T&& _value ) {
+            reset();
+            nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( _value ) );
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Optional( Optional const& _other ):
+            nullableValue( _other ? new ( storage ) T( *_other ) : nullptr ) {}
+        Optional( Optional&& _other ):
+            nullableValue( _other ? new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( *_other ) )
+                                  : nullptr ) {}
+
+        Optional& operator=( Optional const& _other ) {
+            if ( &_other != this ) {
+                reset();
+                if ( _other ) { nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( *_other ); }
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+        Optional& operator=( Optional&& _other ) {
+            if ( &_other != this ) {
+                reset();
+                if ( _other ) {
+                    nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( *_other ) );
+                }
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        void reset() {
+            if ( nullableValue ) { nullableValue->~T(); }
+            nullableValue = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        T& operator*() {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return *nullableValue;
+        }
+        T const& operator*() const {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return *nullableValue;
+        }
+        T* operator->() {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return nullableValue;
+        }
+        const T* operator->() const {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return nullableValue;
+        }
+
+        T valueOr( T const& defaultValue ) const {
+            return nullableValue ? *nullableValue : defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        bool some() const { return nullableValue != nullptr; }
+        bool none() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
+
+        bool operator !() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
+        explicit operator bool() const {
+            return some();
+        }
+
+        friend bool operator==(Optional const& a, Optional const& b) {
+            if (a.none() && b.none()) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (a.some() && b.some()) {
+                return *a == *b;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        friend bool operator!=(Optional const& a, Optional const& b) {
+            return !( a == b );
+        }
+
+    private:
+        T* nullableValue;
+        alignas(alignof(T)) char storage[sizeof(T)];
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OPTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class GenerateFrom {
+        Time,
+        RandomDevice,
+        //! Currently equivalent to RandomDevice, but can change at any point
+        Default
+    };
+
+    std::uint32_t generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom from);
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        //! Splits the reporter spec into reporter name and kv-pair options
+        std::vector<std::string> splitReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec );
+
+        Optional<ColourMode> stringToColourMode( StringRef colourMode );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Structured reporter spec that a reporter can be created from
+     *
+     * Parsing has been validated, but semantics have not. This means e.g.
+     * that the colour mode is known to Catch2, but it might not be
+     * compiled into the binary, and the output filename might not be
+     * openable.
+     */
+    class ReporterSpec {
+        std::string m_name;
+        Optional<std::string> m_outputFileName;
+        Optional<ColourMode> m_colourMode;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m_customOptions;
+
+        friend bool operator==( ReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ReporterSpec const& rhs );
+        friend bool operator!=( ReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+            return !( lhs == rhs );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        ReporterSpec(
+            std::string name,
+            Optional<std::string> outputFileName,
+            Optional<ColourMode> colourMode,
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions );
+
+        std::string const& name() const { return m_name; }
+
+        Optional<std::string> const& outputFile() const {
+            return m_outputFileName;
+        }
+
+        Optional<ColourMode> const& colourMode() const { return m_colourMode; }
+
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> const& customOptions() const {
+            return m_customOptions;
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Parses provided reporter spec string into
+     *
+     * Returns empty optional on errors, e.g.
+     *  * field that is not first and not a key+value pair
+     *  * duplicated keys in kv pair
+     *  * unknown catch reporter option
+     *  * empty key/value in an custom kv pair
+     *  * ...
+     */
+    Optional<ReporterSpec> parseReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec );
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IStream;
+
+    /**
+     * `ReporterSpec` but with the defaults filled in.
+     *
+     * Like `ReporterSpec`, the semantics are unchecked.
+     */
+    struct ProcessedReporterSpec {
+        std::string name;
+        std::string outputFilename;
+        ColourMode colourMode;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions;
+        friend bool operator==( ProcessedReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ProcessedReporterSpec const& rhs );
+        friend bool operator!=( ProcessedReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ProcessedReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+            return !( lhs == rhs );
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct ConfigData {
+
+        bool listTests = false;
+        bool listTags = false;
+        bool listReporters = false;
+        bool listListeners = false;
+
+        bool showSuccessfulTests = false;
+        bool shouldDebugBreak = false;
+        bool noThrow = false;
+        bool showHelp = false;
+        bool showInvisibles = false;
+        bool filenamesAsTags = false;
+        bool libIdentify = false;
+        bool allowZeroTests = false;
+
+        int abortAfter = -1;
+        uint32_t rngSeed = generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom::Default);
+
+        unsigned int shardCount = 1;
+        unsigned int shardIndex = 0;
+
+        bool skipBenchmarks = false;
+        bool benchmarkNoAnalysis = false;
+        unsigned int benchmarkSamples = 100;
+        double benchmarkConfidenceInterval = 0.95;
+        unsigned int benchmarkResamples = 100'000;
+        std::chrono::milliseconds::rep benchmarkWarmupTime = 100;
+
+        Verbosity verbosity = Verbosity::Normal;
+        WarnAbout::What warnings = WarnAbout::Nothing;
+        ShowDurations showDurations = ShowDurations::DefaultForReporter;
+        double minDuration = -1;
+        TestRunOrder runOrder = TestRunOrder::Declared;
+        ColourMode defaultColourMode = ColourMode::PlatformDefault;
+        WaitForKeypress::When waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::Never;
+
+        std::string defaultOutputFilename;
+        std::string name;
+        std::string processName;
+        std::vector<ReporterSpec> reporterSpecifications;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> testsOrTags;
+        std::vector<std::string> sectionsToRun;
+    };
+
+
+    class Config : public IConfig {
+    public:
+
+        Config() = default;
+        Config( ConfigData const& data );
+        ~Config() override; // = default in the cpp file
+
+        bool listTests() const;
+        bool listTags() const;
+        bool listReporters() const;
+        bool listListeners() const;
+
+        std::vector<ReporterSpec> const& getReporterSpecs() const;
+        std::vector<ProcessedReporterSpec> const&
+        getProcessedReporterSpecs() const;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> const& getTestsOrTags() const override;
+        std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const override;
+
+        TestSpec const& testSpec() const override;
+        bool hasTestFilters() const override;
+
+        bool showHelp() const;
+
+        // IConfig interface
+        bool allowThrows() const override;
+        StringRef name() const override;
+        bool includeSuccessfulResults() const override;
+        bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const override;
+        bool warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() const override;
+        bool zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() const override;
+        ShowDurations showDurations() const override;
+        double minDuration() const override;
+        TestRunOrder runOrder() const override;
+        uint32_t rngSeed() const override;
+        unsigned int shardCount() const override;
+        unsigned int shardIndex() const override;
+        ColourMode defaultColourMode() const override;
+        bool shouldDebugBreak() const override;
+        int abortAfter() const override;
+        bool showInvisibles() const override;
+        Verbosity verbosity() const override;
+        bool skipBenchmarks() const override;
+        bool benchmarkNoAnalysis() const override;
+        unsigned int benchmarkSamples() const override;
+        double benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const override;
+        unsigned int benchmarkResamples() const override;
+        std::chrono::milliseconds benchmarkWarmupTime() const override;
+
+    private:
+        // Reads Bazel env vars and applies them to the config
+        void readBazelEnvVars();
+
+        ConfigData m_data;
+        std::vector<ProcessedReporterSpec> m_processedReporterSpecs;
+        TestSpec m_testSpec;
+        bool m_hasTestFilters = false;
+    };
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GET_RANDOM_SEED_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GET_RANDOM_SEED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    //! Returns Catch2's current RNG seed.
+    std::uint32_t getSeed();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_GET_RANDOM_SEED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MESSAGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MESSAGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES configuration option
+ *
+ * CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL can be used to avoid clashes with other macros
+ * by prepending CATCH_. This may not be desirable if the only clashes are with
+ * logger macros such as INFO and WARN. In this cases
+ * CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES can be used to only prefix a small subset
+ * of relevant macros.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES)
+    #define CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STREAM_END_STOP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STREAM_END_STOP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // Use this in variadic streaming macros to allow
+    //    << +StreamEndStop
+    // as well as
+    //    << stuff +StreamEndStop
+    struct StreamEndStop {
+        constexpr StringRef operator+() const { return StringRef(); }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        constexpr friend T const& operator+( T const& value, StreamEndStop ) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_STREAM_END_STOP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MESSAGE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MESSAGE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct MessageInfo {
+        MessageInfo(    StringRef _macroName,
+                        SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                        ResultWas::OfType _type );
+
+        StringRef macroName;
+        std::string message;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+        ResultWas::OfType type;
+        unsigned int sequence;
+
+        bool operator == (MessageInfo const& other) const {
+            return sequence == other.sequence;
+        }
+        bool operator < (MessageInfo const& other) const {
+            return sequence < other.sequence;
+        }
+    private:
+        static unsigned int globalCount;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MESSAGE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+    class IResultCapture;
+
+    struct MessageStream {
+
+        template<typename T>
+        MessageStream& operator << ( T const& value ) {
+            m_stream << value;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ReusableStringStream m_stream;
+    };
+
+    struct MessageBuilder : MessageStream {
+        MessageBuilder( StringRef macroName,
+                        SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                        ResultWas::OfType type ):
+            m_info(macroName, lineInfo, type) {}
+
+        template<typename T>
+        MessageBuilder&& operator << ( T const& value ) && {
+            m_stream << value;
+            return CATCH_MOVE(*this);
+        }
+
+        MessageInfo m_info;
+    };
+
+    class ScopedMessage {
+    public:
+        explicit ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder );
+        ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage& duplicate ) = delete;
+        ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage&& old ) noexcept;
+        ~ScopedMessage();
+
+        MessageInfo m_info;
+        bool m_moved = false;
+    };
+
+    class Capturer {
+        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
+        IResultCapture& m_resultCapture;
+        size_t m_captured = 0;
+    public:
+        Capturer( StringRef macroName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef names );
+
+        Capturer(Capturer const&) = delete;
+        Capturer& operator=(Capturer const&) = delete;
+
+        ~Capturer();
+
+        void captureValue( size_t index, std::string const& value );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        void captureValues( size_t index, T const& value ) {
+            captureValue( index, Catch::Detail::stringify( value ) );
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... Ts>
+        void captureValues( size_t index, T const& value, Ts const&... values ) {
+            captureValue( index, Catch::Detail::stringify(value) );
+            captureValues( index+1, values... );
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( macroName, messageType, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), resultDisposition ); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.handleMessage( messageType, ( Catch::MessageStream() << __VA_ARGS__ + ::Catch::StreamEndStop() ).m_stream.str() ); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( varName, macroName, ... ) \
+    Catch::Capturer varName( macroName##_catch_sr,        \
+                             CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,     \
+                             Catch::ResultWas::Info,      \
+                             #__VA_ARGS__##_catch_sr );   \
+    varName.captureValues( 0, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( macroName, log ) \
+    const Catch::ScopedMessage INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( scopedMessage )( Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( macroName, log ) \
+    Catch::getResultCapture().emplaceUnscopedMessage( Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log )
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "CATCH_INFO", msg )
+  #define CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( "CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO", msg )
+  #define CATCH_WARN( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_WARN", Catch::ResultWas::Warning, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, msg )
+  #define CATCH_CAPTURE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(capturer), "CATCH_CAPTURE", __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_INFO( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_WARN( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CAPTURE( ... )       (void)(0)
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "INFO", msg )
+  #define UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( "UNSCOPED_INFO", msg )
+  #define WARN( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "WARN", Catch::ResultWas::Warning, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, msg )
+  #define CAPTURE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(capturer), "CAPTURE", __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define INFO( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
+  #define WARN( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define CAPTURE( ... )       (void)(0)
+
+#endif // end of user facing macro declarations
+
+
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_MESSAGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SECTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SECTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TOTALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TOTALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct Counts {
+        Counts operator - ( Counts const& other ) const;
+        Counts& operator += ( Counts const& other );
+
+        std::uint64_t total() const;
+        bool allPassed() const;
+        bool allOk() const;
+
+        std::uint64_t passed = 0;
+        std::uint64_t failed = 0;
+        std::uint64_t failedButOk = 0;
+        std::uint64_t skipped = 0;
+    };
+
+    struct Totals {
+
+        Totals operator - ( Totals const& other ) const;
+        Totals& operator += ( Totals const& other );
+
+        Totals delta( Totals const& prevTotals ) const;
+
+        Counts assertions;
+        Counts testCases;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_TOTALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SectionInfo {
+        // The last argument is ignored, so that people can write
+        // SECTION("ShortName", "Proper description that is long") and
+        // still use the `-c` flag comfortably.
+        SectionInfo( SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo, std::string _name,
+                    const char* const = nullptr ):
+            name(CATCH_MOVE(_name)),
+            lineInfo(_lineInfo)
+            {}
+
+        std::string name;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+    };
+
+    struct SectionEndInfo {
+        SectionInfo sectionInfo;
+        Counts prevAssertions;
+        double durationInSeconds;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SECTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SESSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SESSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMMANDLINE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMMANDLINE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CLARA_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CLARA_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wweak-vtables"
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated"
+#endif
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
+#    ifdef __has_include
+#        if __has_include( <optional>) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#            include <optional>
+#            define CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE std::optional
+#        endif
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Clara {
+
+        class Args;
+        class Parser;
+
+        // enum of result types from a parse
+        enum class ParseResultType {
+            Matched,
+            NoMatch,
+            ShortCircuitAll,
+            ShortCircuitSame
+        };
+
+        struct accept_many_t {};
+        constexpr accept_many_t accept_many {};
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct fake_arg {
+                template <typename T>
+                operator T();
+            };
+
+            template <typename F, typename = void>
+            struct is_unary_function : std::false_type {};
+
+            template <typename F>
+            struct is_unary_function<
+                F,
+                Catch::Detail::void_t<decltype(
+                    std::declval<F>()( fake_arg() ) )
+                >
+            > : std::true_type {};
+
+            // Traits for extracting arg and return type of lambdas (for single
+            // argument lambdas)
+            template <typename L>
+            struct UnaryLambdaTraits
+                : UnaryLambdaTraits<decltype( &L::operator() )> {};
+
+            template <typename ClassT, typename ReturnT, typename... Args>
+            struct UnaryLambdaTraits<ReturnT ( ClassT::* )( Args... ) const> {
+                static const bool isValid = false;
+            };
+
+            template <typename ClassT, typename ReturnT, typename ArgT>
+            struct UnaryLambdaTraits<ReturnT ( ClassT::* )( ArgT ) const> {
+                static const bool isValid = true;
+                using ArgType = std::remove_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<ArgT>>;
+                using ReturnType = ReturnT;
+            };
+
+            class TokenStream;
+
+            // Wraps a token coming from a token stream. These may not directly
+            // correspond to strings as a single string may encode an option +
+            // its argument if the : or = form is used
+            enum class TokenType { Option, Argument };
+            struct Token {
+                TokenType type;
+                StringRef token;
+            };
+
+            // Abstracts iterators into args as a stream of tokens, with option
+            // arguments uniformly handled
+            class TokenStream {
+                using Iterator = std::vector<StringRef>::const_iterator;
+                Iterator it;
+                Iterator itEnd;
+                std::vector<Token> m_tokenBuffer;
+                void loadBuffer();
+
+            public:
+                explicit TokenStream( Args const& args );
+                TokenStream( Iterator it, Iterator itEnd );
+
+                explicit operator bool() const {
+                    return !m_tokenBuffer.empty() || it != itEnd;
+                }
+
+                size_t count() const {
+                    return m_tokenBuffer.size() + ( itEnd - it );
+                }
+
+                Token operator*() const {
+                    assert( !m_tokenBuffer.empty() );
+                    return m_tokenBuffer.front();
+                }
+
+                Token const* operator->() const {
+                    assert( !m_tokenBuffer.empty() );
+                    return &m_tokenBuffer.front();
+                }
+
+                TokenStream& operator++();
+            };
+
+            //! Denotes type of a parsing result
+            enum class ResultType {
+                Ok,          ///< No errors
+                LogicError,  ///< Error in user-specified arguments for
+                             ///< construction
+                RuntimeError ///< Error in parsing inputs
+            };
+
+            class ResultBase {
+            protected:
+                ResultBase( ResultType type ): m_type( type ) {}
+                virtual ~ResultBase(); // = default;
+
+
+                ResultBase(ResultBase const&) = default;
+                ResultBase& operator=(ResultBase const&) = default;
+                ResultBase(ResultBase&&) = default;
+                ResultBase& operator=(ResultBase&&) = default;
+
+                virtual void enforceOk() const = 0;
+
+                ResultType m_type;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            class ResultValueBase : public ResultBase {
+            public:
+                T const& value() const& {
+                    enforceOk();
+                    return m_value;
+                }
+                T&& value() && {
+                    enforceOk();
+                    return CATCH_MOVE( m_value );
+                }
+
+            protected:
+                ResultValueBase( ResultType type ): ResultBase( type ) {}
+
+                ResultValueBase( ResultValueBase const& other ):
+                    ResultBase( other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( other.m_value );
+                }
+                ResultValueBase( ResultValueBase&& other ):
+                    ResultBase( other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( CATCH_MOVE(other.m_value) );
+                }
+
+
+                ResultValueBase( ResultType, T const& value ):
+                    ResultBase( ResultType::Ok ) {
+                    new ( &m_value ) T( value );
+                }
+                ResultValueBase( ResultType, T&& value ):
+                    ResultBase( ResultType::Ok ) {
+                    new ( &m_value ) T( CATCH_MOVE(value) );
+                }
+
+                ResultValueBase& operator=( ResultValueBase const& other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        m_value.~T();
+                    ResultBase::operator=( other );
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( other.m_value );
+                    return *this;
+                }
+                ResultValueBase& operator=( ResultValueBase&& other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok ) m_value.~T();
+                    ResultBase::operator=( other );
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( CATCH_MOVE(other.m_value) );
+                    return *this;
+                }
+
+
+                ~ResultValueBase() override {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        m_value.~T();
+                }
+
+                union {
+                    T m_value;
+                };
+            };
+
+            template <> class ResultValueBase<void> : public ResultBase {
+            protected:
+                using ResultBase::ResultBase;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T = void>
+            class BasicResult : public ResultValueBase<T> {
+            public:
+                template <typename U>
+                explicit BasicResult( BasicResult<U> const& other ):
+                    ResultValueBase<T>( other.type() ),
+                    m_errorMessage( other.errorMessage() ) {
+                    assert( type() != ResultType::Ok );
+                }
+
+                template <typename U>
+                static auto ok( U&& value ) -> BasicResult {
+                    return { ResultType::Ok, CATCH_FORWARD(value) };
+                }
+                static auto ok() -> BasicResult { return { ResultType::Ok }; }
+                static auto logicError( std::string&& message )
+                    -> BasicResult {
+                    return { ResultType::LogicError, CATCH_MOVE(message) };
+                }
+                static auto runtimeError( std::string&& message )
+                    -> BasicResult {
+                    return { ResultType::RuntimeError, CATCH_MOVE(message) };
+                }
+
+                explicit operator bool() const {
+                    return m_type == ResultType::Ok;
+                }
+                auto type() const -> ResultType { return m_type; }
+                auto errorMessage() const -> std::string const& {
+                    return m_errorMessage;
+                }
+
+            protected:
+                void enforceOk() const override {
+
+                    // Errors shouldn't reach this point, but if they do
+                    // the actual error message will be in m_errorMessage
+                    assert( m_type != ResultType::LogicError );
+                    assert( m_type != ResultType::RuntimeError );
+                    if ( m_type != ResultType::Ok )
+                        std::abort();
+                }
+
+                std::string
+                    m_errorMessage; // Only populated if resultType is an error
+
+                BasicResult( ResultType type,
+                             std::string&& message ):
+                    ResultValueBase<T>( type ), m_errorMessage( CATCH_MOVE(message) ) {
+                    assert( m_type != ResultType::Ok );
+                }
+
+                using ResultValueBase<T>::ResultValueBase;
+                using ResultBase::m_type;
+            };
+
+            class ParseState {
+            public:
+                ParseState( ParseResultType type,
+                            TokenStream remainingTokens );
+
+                ParseResultType type() const { return m_type; }
+                TokenStream const& remainingTokens() const& {
+                    return m_remainingTokens;
+                }
+                TokenStream&& remainingTokens() && {
+                    return CATCH_MOVE( m_remainingTokens );
+                }
+
+            private:
+                ParseResultType m_type;
+                TokenStream m_remainingTokens;
+            };
+
+            using Result = BasicResult<void>;
+            using ParserResult = BasicResult<ParseResultType>;
+            using InternalParseResult = BasicResult<ParseState>;
+
+            struct HelpColumns {
+                std::string left;
+                StringRef descriptions;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source, T& target ) {
+                std::stringstream ss( source );
+                ss >> target;
+                if ( ss.fail() ) {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                        "Unable to convert '" + source +
+                        "' to destination type" );
+                } else {
+                    return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+                }
+            }
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                                      std::string& target );
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source, bool& target );
+
+#ifdef CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
+            template <typename T>
+            auto convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                              CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE<T>& target )
+                -> ParserResult {
+                T temp;
+                auto result = convertInto( source, temp );
+                if ( result )
+                    target = CATCH_MOVE( temp );
+                return result;
+            }
+#endif // CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
+
+            struct BoundRef : Catch::Detail::NonCopyable {
+                virtual ~BoundRef() = default;
+                virtual bool isContainer() const;
+                virtual bool isFlag() const;
+            };
+            struct BoundValueRefBase : BoundRef {
+                virtual auto setValue( std::string const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult = 0;
+            };
+            struct BoundFlagRefBase : BoundRef {
+                virtual auto setFlag( bool flag ) -> ParserResult = 0;
+                bool isFlag() const override;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T> struct BoundValueRef : BoundValueRefBase {
+                T& m_ref;
+
+                explicit BoundValueRef( T& ref ): m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+                ParserResult setValue( std::string const& arg ) override {
+                    return convertInto( arg, m_ref );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            struct BoundValueRef<std::vector<T>> : BoundValueRefBase {
+                std::vector<T>& m_ref;
+
+                explicit BoundValueRef( std::vector<T>& ref ): m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+                auto isContainer() const -> bool override { return true; }
+
+                auto setValue( std::string const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult override {
+                    T temp;
+                    auto result = convertInto( arg, temp );
+                    if ( result )
+                        m_ref.push_back( temp );
+                    return result;
+                }
+            };
+
+            struct BoundFlagRef : BoundFlagRefBase {
+                bool& m_ref;
+
+                explicit BoundFlagRef( bool& ref ): m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+                ParserResult setFlag( bool flag ) override;
+            };
+
+            template <typename ReturnType> struct LambdaInvoker {
+                static_assert(
+                    std::is_same<ReturnType, ParserResult>::value,
+                    "Lambda must return void or clara::ParserResult" );
+
+                template <typename L, typename ArgType>
+                static auto invoke( L const& lambda, ArgType const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult {
+                    return lambda( arg );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <> struct LambdaInvoker<void> {
+                template <typename L, typename ArgType>
+                static auto invoke( L const& lambda, ArgType const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult {
+                    lambda( arg );
+                    return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <typename ArgType, typename L>
+            auto invokeLambda( L const& lambda, std::string const& arg )
+                -> ParserResult {
+                ArgType temp{};
+                auto result = convertInto( arg, temp );
+                return !result ? result
+                               : LambdaInvoker<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<
+                                     L>::ReturnType>::invoke( lambda, temp );
+            }
+
+            template <typename L> struct BoundLambda : BoundValueRefBase {
+                L m_lambda;
+
+                static_assert(
+                    UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::isValid,
+                    "Supplied lambda must take exactly one argument" );
+                explicit BoundLambda( L const& lambda ): m_lambda( lambda ) {}
+
+                auto setValue( std::string const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult override {
+                    return invokeLambda<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::ArgType>(
+                        m_lambda, arg );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <typename L> struct BoundManyLambda : BoundLambda<L> {
+                explicit BoundManyLambda( L const& lambda ): BoundLambda<L>( lambda ) {}
+                bool isContainer() const override { return true; }
+            };
+
+            template <typename L> struct BoundFlagLambda : BoundFlagRefBase {
+                L m_lambda;
+
+                static_assert(
+                    UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::isValid,
+                    "Supplied lambda must take exactly one argument" );
+                static_assert(
+                    std::is_same<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::ArgType,
+                                 bool>::value,
+                    "flags must be boolean" );
+
+                explicit BoundFlagLambda( L const& lambda ):
+                    m_lambda( lambda ) {}
+
+                auto setFlag( bool flag ) -> ParserResult override {
+                    return LambdaInvoker<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<
+                        L>::ReturnType>::invoke( m_lambda, flag );
+                }
+            };
+
+            enum class Optionality { Optional, Required };
+
+            class ParserBase {
+            public:
+                virtual ~ParserBase() = default;
+                virtual auto validate() const -> Result { return Result::ok(); }
+                virtual auto parse( std::string const& exeName,
+                                    TokenStream tokens ) const
+                    -> InternalParseResult = 0;
+                virtual size_t cardinality() const;
+
+                InternalParseResult parse( Args const& args ) const;
+            };
+
+            template <typename DerivedT>
+            class ComposableParserImpl : public ParserBase {
+            public:
+                template <typename T>
+                auto operator|( T const& other ) const -> Parser;
+            };
+
+            // Common code and state for Args and Opts
+            template <typename DerivedT>
+            class ParserRefImpl : public ComposableParserImpl<DerivedT> {
+            protected:
+                Optionality m_optionality = Optionality::Optional;
+                std::shared_ptr<BoundRef> m_ref;
+                StringRef m_hint;
+                StringRef m_description;
+
+                explicit ParserRefImpl( std::shared_ptr<BoundRef> const& ref ):
+                    m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+            public:
+                template <typename LambdaT>
+                ParserRefImpl( accept_many_t,
+                               LambdaT const& ref,
+                               StringRef hint ):
+                    m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundManyLambda<LambdaT>>( ref ) ),
+                    m_hint( hint ) {}
+
+                template <typename T,
+                          typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                              !Detail::is_unary_function<T>::value>>
+                ParserRefImpl( T& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                    m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundValueRef<T>>( ref ) ),
+                    m_hint( hint ) {}
+
+                template <typename LambdaT,
+                          typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                              Detail::is_unary_function<LambdaT>::value>>
+                ParserRefImpl( LambdaT const& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                    m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundLambda<LambdaT>>( ref ) ),
+                    m_hint( hint ) {}
+
+                DerivedT& operator()( StringRef description ) & {
+                    m_description = description;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&>( *this );
+                }
+                DerivedT&& operator()( StringRef description ) && {
+                    m_description = description;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&&>( *this );
+                }
+
+                auto optional() -> DerivedT& {
+                    m_optionality = Optionality::Optional;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&>( *this );
+                }
+
+                auto required() -> DerivedT& {
+                    m_optionality = Optionality::Required;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&>( *this );
+                }
+
+                auto isOptional() const -> bool {
+                    return m_optionality == Optionality::Optional;
+                }
+
+                auto cardinality() const -> size_t override {
+                    if ( m_ref->isContainer() )
+                        return 0;
+                    else
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+                StringRef hint() const { return m_hint; }
+            };
+
+        } // namespace detail
+
+
+        // A parser for arguments
+        class Arg : public Detail::ParserRefImpl<Arg> {
+        public:
+            using ParserRefImpl::ParserRefImpl;
+            using ParserBase::parse;
+
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const&,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+        };
+
+        // A parser for options
+        class Opt : public Detail::ParserRefImpl<Opt> {
+        protected:
+            std::vector<StringRef> m_optNames;
+
+        public:
+            template <typename LambdaT>
+            explicit Opt(LambdaT const& ref) :
+                ParserRefImpl(
+                    std::make_shared<Detail::BoundFlagLambda<LambdaT>>(ref)) {}
+
+            explicit Opt(bool& ref);
+
+            template <typename LambdaT,
+                      typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                          Detail::is_unary_function<LambdaT>::value>>
+            Opt( LambdaT const& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                ParserRefImpl( ref, hint ) {}
+
+            template <typename LambdaT>
+            Opt( accept_many_t, LambdaT const& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                ParserRefImpl( accept_many, ref, hint ) {}
+
+            template <typename T,
+                      typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                          !Detail::is_unary_function<T>::value>>
+            Opt( T& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                ParserRefImpl( ref, hint ) {}
+
+            Opt& operator[]( StringRef optName ) & {
+                m_optNames.push_back(optName);
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Opt&& operator[]( StringRef optName ) && {
+                m_optNames.push_back( optName );
+                return CATCH_MOVE(*this);
+            }
+
+            Detail::HelpColumns getHelpColumns() const;
+
+            bool isMatch(StringRef optToken) const;
+
+            using ParserBase::parse;
+
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const&,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+
+            Detail::Result validate() const override;
+        };
+
+        // Specifies the name of the executable
+        class ExeName : public Detail::ComposableParserImpl<ExeName> {
+            std::shared_ptr<std::string> m_name;
+            std::shared_ptr<Detail::BoundValueRefBase> m_ref;
+
+        public:
+            ExeName();
+            explicit ExeName(std::string& ref);
+
+            template <typename LambdaT>
+            explicit ExeName(LambdaT const& lambda) : ExeName() {
+                m_ref = std::make_shared<Detail::BoundLambda<LambdaT>>(lambda);
+            }
+
+            // The exe name is not parsed out of the normal tokens, but is
+            // handled specially
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const&,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+
+            std::string const& name() const { return *m_name; }
+            Detail::ParserResult set(std::string const& newName);
+        };
+
+
+        // A Combined parser
+        class Parser : Detail::ParserBase {
+            mutable ExeName m_exeName;
+            std::vector<Opt> m_options;
+            std::vector<Arg> m_args;
+
+        public:
+
+            auto operator|=(ExeName const& exeName) -> Parser& {
+                m_exeName = exeName;
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            auto operator|=(Arg const& arg) -> Parser& {
+                m_args.push_back(arg);
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            friend Parser& operator|=( Parser& p, Opt const& opt ) {
+                p.m_options.push_back( opt );
+                return p;
+            }
+            friend Parser& operator|=( Parser& p, Opt&& opt ) {
+                p.m_options.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(opt) );
+                return p;
+            }
+
+            Parser& operator|=(Parser const& other);
+
+            template <typename T>
+            friend Parser operator|( Parser const& p, T&& rhs ) {
+                Parser temp( p );
+                temp |= rhs;
+                return temp;
+            }
+
+            template <typename T>
+            friend Parser operator|( Parser&& p, T&& rhs ) {
+                p |= CATCH_FORWARD(rhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(p);
+            }
+
+            std::vector<Detail::HelpColumns> getHelpColumns() const;
+
+            void writeToStream(std::ostream& os) const;
+
+            friend auto operator<<(std::ostream& os, Parser const& parser)
+                -> std::ostream& {
+                parser.writeToStream(os);
+                return os;
+            }
+
+            Detail::Result validate() const override;
+
+            using ParserBase::parse;
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const& exeName,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Wrapper over argc + argv, assumes that the inputs outlive it
+         */
+        class Args {
+            friend Detail::TokenStream;
+            StringRef m_exeName;
+            std::vector<StringRef> m_args;
+
+        public:
+            Args(int argc, char const* const* argv);
+            // Helper constructor for testing
+            Args(std::initializer_list<StringRef> args);
+
+            StringRef exeName() const { return m_exeName; }
+        };
+
+
+        // Convenience wrapper for option parser that specifies the help option
+        struct Help : Opt {
+            Help(bool& showHelpFlag);
+        };
+
+        // Result type for parser operation
+        using Detail::ParserResult;
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename DerivedT>
+            template <typename T>
+            Parser
+                ComposableParserImpl<DerivedT>::operator|(T const& other) const {
+                return Parser() | static_cast<DerivedT const&>(*this) | other;
+            }
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Clara
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CLARA_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ConfigData;
+
+    Clara::Parser makeCommandLineParser( ConfigData& config );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMMANDLINE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Session : Detail::NonCopyable {
+    public:
+
+        Session();
+        ~Session();
+
+        void showHelp() const;
+        void libIdentify();
+
+        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const * const * argv );
+    #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
+        int applyCommandLine( int argc, wchar_t const * const * argv );
+    #endif
+
+        void useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData );
+
+        template<typename CharT>
+        int run(int argc, CharT const * const argv[]) {
+            if (m_startupExceptions)
+                return 1;
+            int returnCode = applyCommandLine(argc, argv);
+            if (returnCode == 0)
+                returnCode = run();
+            return returnCode;
+        }
+
+        int run();
+
+        Clara::Parser const& cli() const;
+        void cli( Clara::Parser const& newParser );
+        ConfigData& configData();
+        Config& config();
+    private:
+        int runInternal();
+
+        Clara::Parser m_cli;
+        ConfigData m_configData;
+        Detail::unique_ptr<Config> m_config;
+        bool m_startupExceptions = false;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SESSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TagAlias {
+        TagAlias(std::string const& _tag, SourceLineInfo _lineInfo):
+            tag(_tag),
+            lineInfo(_lineInfo)
+        {}
+
+        std::string tag;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_AUTOREGISTRAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_AUTOREGISTRAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct RegistrarForTagAliases {
+        RegistrarForTagAliases( char const* alias, char const* tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_TAG_ALIAS( alias, spec ) \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+    namespace{ Catch::RegistrarForTagAliases INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( AutoRegisterTagAlias )( alias, spec, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); } \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#endif // CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_AUTOREGISTRAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// We need this suppression to leak, because it took until GCC 10
+// for the front end to handle local suppression via _Pragma properly
+// inside templates (so `TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE` and co).
+// **THIS IS DIFFERENT FOR STANDARD TESTS, WHERE GCC 9 IS SUFFICIENT**
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && __GNUC__ < 10
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_MACRO_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_MACRO_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ASSERTION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ASSERTION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_DECOMPOSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_DECOMPOSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMPARE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMPARE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && !defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+    // GCC likes to complain about comparing bool with 0, in the decltype()
+    // that defines the comparable traits below.
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wbool-compare"
+    // "ordered comparison of pointer with integer zero" same as above,
+    // but it does not have a separate warning flag to suppress
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
+    // Did you know that comparing floats with `0` directly
+    // is super-duper dangerous in unevaluated context?
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+    // Did you know that comparing floats with `0` directly
+    // is super-duper dangerous in unevaluated context?
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+#define CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( id, op )                               \
+    template <typename, typename, typename = void>                            \
+    struct is_##id##_comparable : std::false_type {};                         \
+    template <typename T, typename U>                                         \
+    struct is_##id##_comparable<                                              \
+        T,                                                                    \
+        U,                                                                    \
+        void_t<decltype( std::declval<T>() op std::declval<U>() )>>           \
+        : std::true_type {};                                                  \
+    template <typename, typename = void>                                      \
+    struct is_##id##_0_comparable : std::false_type {};                       \
+    template <typename T>                                                     \
+    struct is_##id##_0_comparable<T,                                          \
+                                  void_t<decltype( std::declval<T>() op 0 )>> \
+        : std::true_type {};
+
+        // We need all 6 pre-spaceship comparison ops: <, <=, >, >=, ==, !=
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( lt, < )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( le, <= )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( gt, > )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( ge, >= )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( eq, == )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( ne, != )
+
+#undef CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && !defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMPARE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LOGICAL_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LOGICAL_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+
+#if defined( __cpp_lib_logical_traits ) && __cpp_lib_logical_traits >= 201510
+
+    using std::conjunction;
+    using std::disjunction;
+    using std::negation;
+
+#else
+
+    template <class...> struct conjunction : std::true_type {};
+    template <class B1> struct conjunction<B1> : B1 {};
+    template <class B1, class... Bn>
+    struct conjunction<B1, Bn...>
+        : std::conditional_t<bool( B1::value ), conjunction<Bn...>, B1> {};
+
+    template <class...> struct disjunction : std::false_type {};
+    template <class B1> struct disjunction<B1> : B1 {};
+    template <class B1, class... Bn>
+    struct disjunction<B1, Bn...>
+        : std::conditional_t<bool( B1::value ), B1, disjunction<Bn...>> {};
+
+    template <class B>
+    struct negation : std::integral_constant<bool, !bool(B::value)> {};
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_LOGICAL_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+/** \file
+ * Why does decomposing look the way it does:
+ *
+ * Conceptually, decomposing is simple. We change `REQUIRE( a == b )` into
+ * `Decomposer{} <= a == b`, so that `Decomposer{} <= a` is evaluated first,
+ * and our custom operator is used for `a == b`, because `a` is transformed
+ * into `ExprLhs<T&>` and then into `BinaryExpr<T&, U&>`.
+ *
+ * In practice, decomposing ends up a mess, because we have to support
+ * various fun things.
+ *
+ * 1) Types that are only comparable with literal 0, and they do this by
+ *    comparing against a magic type with pointer constructor and deleted
+ *    other constructors. Example: `REQUIRE((a <=> b) == 0)` in libstdc++
+ *
+ * 2) Types that are only comparable with literal 0, and they do this by
+ *    comparing against a magic type with consteval integer constructor.
+ *    Example: `REQUIRE((a <=> b) == 0)` in current MSVC STL.
+ *
+ * 3) Types that have no linkage, and so we cannot form a reference to
+ *    them. Example: some implementations of traits.
+ *
+ * 4) Starting with C++20, when the compiler sees `a == b`, it also uses
+ *    `b == a` when constructing the overload set. For us this means that
+ *    when the compiler handles `ExprLhs<T> == b`, it also tries to resolve
+ *    the overload set for `b == ExprLhs<T>`.
+ *
+ * To accomodate these use cases, decomposer ended up rather complex.
+ *
+ * 1) These types are handled by adding SFINAE overloads to our comparison
+ *    operators, checking whether `T == U` are comparable with the given
+ *    operator, and if not, whether T (or U) are comparable with literal 0.
+ *    If yes, the overload compares T (or U) with 0 literal inline in the
+ *    definition.
+ *
+ *    Note that for extra correctness, we check  that the other type is
+ *    either an `int` (literal 0 is captured as `int` by templates), or
+ *    a `long` (some platforms use 0L for `NULL` and we want to support
+ *    that for pointer comparisons).
+ *
+ * 2) For these types, `is_foo_comparable<T, int>` is true, but letting
+ *    them fall into the overload that actually does `T == int` causes
+ *    compilation error. Handling them requires that the decomposition
+ *    is `constexpr`, so that P2564R3 applies and the `consteval` from
+ *    their accompanying magic type is propagated through the `constexpr`
+ *    call stack.
+ *
+ *    However this is not enough to handle these types automatically,
+ *    because our default is to capture types by reference, to avoid
+ *    runtime copies. While these references cannot become dangling,
+ *    they outlive the constexpr context and thus the default capture
+ *    path cannot be actually constexpr.
+ *
+ *    The solution is to capture these types by value, by explicitly
+ *    specializing `Catch::capture_by_value` for them. Catch2 provides
+ *    specialization for `std::foo_ordering`s, but users can specialize
+ *    the trait for their own types as well.
+ *
+ * 3) If a type has no linkage, we also cannot capture it by reference.
+ *    The solution is once again to capture them by value. We handle
+ *    the common cases by using `std::is_arithmetic` as the default
+ *    for `Catch::capture_by_value`, but that is only a some-effort
+ *    heuristic. But as with 2), users can specialize `capture_by_value`
+ *    for their own types as needed.
+ *
+ * 4) To support C++20 and make the SFINAE on our decomposing operators
+ *    work, the SFINAE has to happen in return type, rather than in
+ *    a template type. This is due to our use of logical type traits
+ *    (`conjunction`/`disjunction`/`negation`), that we use to workaround
+ *    an issue in older (9-) versions of GCC. I still blame C++20 for
+ *    this, because without the comparison order switching, the logical
+ *    traits could still be used in template type.
+ *
+ * There are also other side concerns, e.g. supporting both `REQUIRE(a)`
+ * and `REQUIRE(a == b)`, or making `REQUIRE_THAT(a, IsEqual(b))` slot
+ * nicely into the same expression handling logic, but these are rather
+ * straightforward and add only a bit of complexity (e.g. common base
+ * class for decomposed expressions).
+ */
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4389) // '==' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+#pragma warning(disable:4018) // more "signed/unsigned mismatch"
+#pragma warning(disable:4312) // Converting int to T* using reinterpret_cast (issue on x64 platform)
+#pragma warning(disable:4180) // qualifier applied to function type has no meaning
+#pragma warning(disable:4800) // Forcing result to true or false
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#  pragma clang diagnostic push
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP20_OR_GREATER) && __has_include(<compare>)
+#  include <compare>
+#    if defined( __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison ) && \
+            __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison >= 201907L
+#      define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP20_COMPARE_OVERLOADS
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        // This was added in C++20, but we require only C++14 for now.
+        template <typename T>
+        using RemoveCVRef_t = std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>;
+    }
+
+    // Note: There is nothing that stops us from extending this,
+    //       e.g. to `std::is_scalar`, but the more encompassing
+    //       traits are usually also more expensive. For now we
+    //       keep this as it used to be and it can be changed later.
+    template <typename T>
+    struct capture_by_value
+        : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_arithmetic<T>{}> {};
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_CPP20_COMPARE_OVERLOADS )
+    template <>
+    struct capture_by_value<std::strong_ordering> : std::true_type {};
+    template <>
+    struct capture_by_value<std::weak_ordering> : std::true_type {};
+    template <>
+    struct capture_by_value<std::partial_ordering> : std::true_type {};
+#endif
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct always_false : std::false_type {};
+
+    class ITransientExpression {
+        bool m_isBinaryExpression;
+        bool m_result;
+
+    public:
+        constexpr auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool { return m_isBinaryExpression; }
+        constexpr auto getResult() const -> bool { return m_result; }
+        //! This function **has** to be overriden by the derived class.
+        virtual void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        constexpr ITransientExpression( bool isBinaryExpression, bool result )
+        :   m_isBinaryExpression( isBinaryExpression ),
+            m_result( result )
+        {}
+
+        ITransientExpression() = default;
+        ITransientExpression(ITransientExpression const&) = default;
+        ITransientExpression& operator=(ITransientExpression const&) = default;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, ITransientExpression const& expr) {
+            expr.streamReconstructedExpression(out);
+            return out;
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        ~ITransientExpression() = default;
+    };
+
+    void formatReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os, std::string const& lhs, StringRef op, std::string const& rhs );
+
+    template<typename LhsT, typename RhsT>
+    class BinaryExpr  : public ITransientExpression {
+        LhsT m_lhs;
+        StringRef m_op;
+        RhsT m_rhs;
+
+        void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+            formatReconstructedExpression
+                    ( os, Catch::Detail::stringify( m_lhs ), m_op, Catch::Detail::stringify( m_rhs ) );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        constexpr BinaryExpr( bool comparisonResult, LhsT lhs, StringRef op, RhsT rhs )
+        :   ITransientExpression{ true, comparisonResult },
+            m_lhs( lhs ),
+            m_op( op ),
+            m_rhs( rhs )
+        {}
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator && ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator || ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator == ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator != ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator > ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator < ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator >= ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator <= ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename LhsT>
+    class UnaryExpr : public ITransientExpression {
+        LhsT m_lhs;
+
+        void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+            os << Catch::Detail::stringify( m_lhs );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        explicit constexpr UnaryExpr( LhsT lhs )
+        :   ITransientExpression{ false, static_cast<bool>(lhs) },
+            m_lhs( lhs )
+        {}
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename LhsT>
+    class ExprLhs {
+        LhsT m_lhs;
+    public:
+        explicit constexpr ExprLhs( LhsT lhs ) : m_lhs( lhs ) {}
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR( id, op )           \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT&& rhs )             \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                Detail::negation<capture_by_value<             \
+                                    Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<RhsT>>>>::value,     \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>> {                                   \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                capture_by_value<RhsT>>::value,                \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_eq_0_comparable<LhsT>,                              \
+              /* We allow long because we want `ptr op NULL` to be accepted */ \
+                Detail::disjunction<std::is_same<RhsT, int>,                   \
+                                    std::is_same<RhsT, long>>>::value,         \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( rhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }                    \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op 0 ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };   \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_eq_0_comparable<RhsT>,                              \
+              /* We allow long because we want `ptr op NULL` to be accepted */ \
+                Detail::disjunction<std::is_same<LhsT, int>,                   \
+                                    std::is_same<LhsT, long>>>::value,         \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( lhs.m_lhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }              \
+        return { static_cast<bool>( 0 op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };    \
+    }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR( eq, == )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR( ne, != )
+
+    #undef CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR
+
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( id, op )         \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT&& rhs )             \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                Detail::negation<capture_by_value<             \
+                                    Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<RhsT>>>>::value,     \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>> {                                   \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                capture_by_value<RhsT>>::value,                \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_##id##_0_comparable<LhsT>,                          \
+                std::is_same<RhsT, int>>::value,                               \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( rhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }                    \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op 0 ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };   \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_##id##_0_comparable<RhsT>,                          \
+                std::is_same<LhsT, int>>::value,                               \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( lhs.m_lhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }              \
+        return { static_cast<bool>( 0 op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };    \
+    }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( lt, < )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( le, <= )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( gt, > )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( ge, >= )
+
+    #undef CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR
+
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR( op )                        \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT&& rhs )             \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            !capture_by_value<Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<RhsT>>::value,             \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>> {                                   \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<capture_by_value<RhsT>::value,                     \
+                            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                          \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR(|)
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR(&)
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR(^)
+
+    #undef CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR
+
+        template<typename RhsT>
+        friend auto operator && ( ExprLhs &&, RhsT && ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> {
+            static_assert(always_false<RhsT>::value,
+            "operator&& is not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename RhsT>
+        friend auto operator || ( ExprLhs &&, RhsT && ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> {
+            static_assert(always_false<RhsT>::value,
+            "operator|| is not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        constexpr auto makeUnaryExpr() const -> UnaryExpr<LhsT> {
+            return UnaryExpr<LhsT>{ m_lhs };
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Decomposer {
+        template <typename T,
+                  std::enable_if_t<!capture_by_value<Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<T>>::value,
+                      int> = 0>
+        constexpr friend auto operator <= ( Decomposer &&, T && lhs ) -> ExprLhs<T const&> {
+            return ExprLhs<const T&>{ lhs };
+        }
+
+        template <typename T,
+                  std::enable_if_t<capture_by_value<T>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr friend auto operator <= ( Decomposer &&, T value ) -> ExprLhs<T> {
+            return ExprLhs<T>{ value };
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+#ifdef __clang__
+#  pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_DECOMPOSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AssertionReaction {
+        bool shouldDebugBreak = false;
+        bool shouldThrow = false;
+        bool shouldSkip = false;
+    };
+
+    class AssertionHandler {
+        AssertionInfo m_assertionInfo;
+        AssertionReaction m_reaction;
+        bool m_completed = false;
+        IResultCapture& m_resultCapture;
+
+    public:
+        AssertionHandler
+            (   StringRef macroName,
+                SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                StringRef capturedExpression,
+                ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition );
+        ~AssertionHandler() {
+            if ( !m_completed ) {
+                m_resultCapture.handleIncomplete( m_assertionInfo );
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        template<typename T>
+        void handleExpr( ExprLhs<T> const& expr ) {
+            handleExpr( expr.makeUnaryExpr() );
+        }
+        void handleExpr( ITransientExpression const& expr );
+
+        void handleMessage(ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef message);
+
+        void handleExceptionThrownAsExpected();
+        void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown();
+        void handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected();
+        void handleThrowingCallSkipped();
+        void handleUnexpectedInflightException();
+
+        void complete();
+
+        // query
+        auto allowThrows() const -> bool;
+    };
+
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str );
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ASSERTION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_STRINGIFICATION)
+  #define CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(...) #__VA_ARGS__##_catch_sr
+#else
+  #define CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(...) "Disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_STRINGIFICATION"_catch_sr
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// We need this suppression to leak, because it took until GCC 10
+// for the front end to handle local suppression via _Pragma properly
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && __GNUC__ <= 9
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE) || defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Another way to speed-up compilation is to omit local try-catch for REQUIRE*
+// macros.
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( capturer )
+
+#else // CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY try
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( handler ) catch(...) { (handler).handleUnexpectedInflightException(); }
+
+#endif
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( handler ) handler.complete();
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { /* NOLINT(bugprone-infinite-loop) */ \
+        /* The expression should not be evaluated, but warnings should hopefully be checked */ \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(__VA_ARGS__); \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY { \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::Decomposer() <= __VA_ARGS__ ); /* NOLINT(bugprone-chained-comparison) */ \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        } INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( (void)0, (false) && static_cast<const bool&>( !!(__VA_ARGS__) ) ) // the expression here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+    // The double negation silences MSVC's C4800 warning, the static_cast forces short-circuit evaluation if the type has overloaded &&.
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, __VA_ARGS__ ); \
+    if( Catch::getResultCapture().lastAssertionPassed() )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, __VA_ARGS__ ); \
+    if( !Catch::getResultCapture().lastAssertionPassed() )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
+        try { \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+            static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected(); \
+        } \
+        catch( ... ) { \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+        } \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionThrownAsExpected(); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( macroName, exceptionType, resultDisposition, expr ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(expr) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType), resultDisposition ); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(expr); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( exceptionType const& ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionThrownAsExpected(); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Although this is matcher-based, it can be used with just a string
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( macroName, resultDisposition, matcher, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                Catch::handleExceptionMatchExpr( catchAssertionHandler, matcher ); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_MACRO_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SECTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SECTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT configuration option
+ *
+ * Some of Catch2's macros can be defined differently to work better with
+ * static analysis tools, like clang-tidy or coverity.
+ * Currently the main use case is to show that `SECTION`s are executed
+ * exclusively, and not all in one run of a `TEST_CASE`.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__) || defined(__COVERITY__)
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TIMER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TIMER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Timer {
+        uint64_t m_nanoseconds = 0;
+    public:
+        void start();
+        auto getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> uint64_t;
+        auto getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> uint64_t;
+        auto getElapsedMilliseconds() const -> unsigned int;
+        auto getElapsedSeconds() const -> double;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TIMER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Section : Detail::NonCopyable {
+    public:
+        Section( SectionInfo&& info );
+        Section( SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                 StringRef _name,
+                 const char* const = nullptr );
+        ~Section();
+
+        // This indicates whether the section should be executed or not
+        explicit operator bool() const;
+
+    private:
+        SectionInfo m_info;
+
+        Counts m_assertions;
+        bool m_sectionIncluded;
+        Timer m_timer;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT)
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( ... )                                 \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                         \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                  \
+        if ( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(            \
+                 catch_internal_Section ) =                               \
+                 Catch::Section( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, __VA_ARGS__ ) ) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )                     \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                     \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS              \
+        if ( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(        \
+                 catch_internal_Section ) =                           \
+                 Catch::SectionInfo(                                  \
+                     CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                         \
+                     ( Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__ ) \
+                         .str() ) )                                   \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#else
+
+// These section definitions imply that at most one section at one level
+// will be intered (because only one section's __LINE__ can be equal to
+// the dummy `catchInternalSectionHint` variable from `TEST_CASE`).
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        // Intentionally without linkage, as it should only be used as a dummy
+        // symbol for static analysis.
+        // The arguments are used as a dummy for checking warnings in the passed
+        // expressions.
+        int GetNewSectionHint( StringRef, const char* const = nullptr );
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( ... )                                   \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                    \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS                             \
+        if ( [[maybe_unused]] const int catchInternalPreviousSectionHint =  \
+                 catchInternalSectionHint,                                  \
+             catchInternalSectionHint =                                     \
+                 Catch::Detail::GetNewSectionHint(__VA_ARGS__);             \
+             catchInternalPreviousSectionHint == __LINE__ )                 \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                    \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS                             \
+        if ( [[maybe_unused]] const int catchInternalPreviousSectionHint =  \
+                 catchInternalSectionHint,                                  \
+             catchInternalSectionHint = Catch::Detail::GetNewSectionHint(   \
+                ( Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__ ).str());    \
+             catchInternalPreviousSectionHint == __LINE__ )                 \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_SECTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_TEST_INVOKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_TEST_INVOKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ITestInvoker {
+    public:
+        virtual void invoke() const = 0;
+        virtual ~ITestInvoker(); // = default
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_TEST_INVOKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_REMOVE_PARENS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_REMOVE_PARENS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND1( param ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND2( param )
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND2( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO##__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF __VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NOINTERNAL_CATCH_DEF
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS( ... ) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND1( INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#endif // CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_REMOVE_PARENS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// GCC 5 and older do not properly handle disabling unused-variable warning
+// with a _Pragma. This means that we have to leak the suppression to the
+// user code as well :-(
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ <= 5
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+template<typename C>
+class TestInvokerAsMethod : public ITestInvoker {
+    void (C::*m_testAsMethod)();
+public:
+    TestInvokerAsMethod( void (C::*testAsMethod)() ) noexcept : m_testAsMethod( testAsMethod ) {}
+
+    void invoke() const override {
+        C obj;
+        (obj.*m_testAsMethod)();
+    }
+};
+
+Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvoker( void(*testAsFunction)() );
+
+template<typename C>
+Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvoker( void (C::*testAsMethod)() ) {
+    return Detail::make_unique<TestInvokerAsMethod<C>>( testAsMethod );
+}
+
+struct NameAndTags {
+    constexpr NameAndTags( StringRef name_ = StringRef(),
+                           StringRef tags_ = StringRef() ) noexcept:
+        name( name_ ), tags( tags_ ) {}
+    StringRef name;
+    StringRef tags;
+};
+
+struct AutoReg : Detail::NonCopyable {
+    AutoReg( Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept;
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION( TestName, ... ) \
+        static inline void TestName()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( TestName, ClassName, ... ) \
+        namespace{                        \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName) { \
+                void test();              \
+            };                            \
+        }                                 \
+        void TestName::test()
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT)
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, ... ) \
+        static void TestName(); \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace{ const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); } /* NOLINT */ \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        static void TestName()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#else  // ^^ !CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT | vv CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+
+
+// Dummy registrator for the dumy test case macros
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        struct DummyUse {
+            DummyUse( void ( * )( int ), Catch::NameAndTags const& );
+        };
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+// Note that both the presence of the argument and its exact name are
+// necessary for the section support.
+
+// We provide a shadowed variable so that a `SECTION` inside non-`TEST_CASE`
+// tests can compile. The redefined `TEST_CASE` shadows this with param.
+static int catchInternalSectionHint = 0;
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( fname, ... )                         \
+        static void fname( int );                                          \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                          \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                   \
+        static const Catch::Detail::DummyUse INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(   \
+            dummyUser )( &(fname), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } );    \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS                            \
+        static void fname( [[maybe_unused]] int catchInternalSectionHint ) \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( dummyFunction ), __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestName, ClassName, ... )\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace{ \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName) { \
+                void test(); \
+            }; \
+            const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( \
+            Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName::test ),                    \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                                      \
+            #ClassName##_catch_sr,                                        \
+            Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
+        } \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        void TestName::test()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, ... ) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace {                                                           \
+        const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( \
+            Catch::makeTestInvoker( &QualifiedMethod ),                   \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                                      \
+            "&" #QualifiedMethod##_catch_sr,                              \
+            Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } );                          \
+    } /* NOLINT */ \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, ... ) \
+        do { \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( Function ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        } while(false)
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// All of our user-facing macros support configuration toggle, that
+// forces them to be defined prefixed with CATCH_. We also like to
+// support another toggle that can minimize (disable) their implementation.
+// Given this, we have 4 different configuration options below
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_REQUIRE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, expr )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "CATCH_REQUIRE_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_IF( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( "CATCH_CHECKED_IF", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( "CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, expr )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_FAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_FAIL", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_FAIL_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_FAIL_CHECK", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SUCCEED( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_SUCCEED", Catch::ResultWas::Ok, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SKIP( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SKIP", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitSkip, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+  #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNTIME_STATIC_REQUIRE)
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__ ,      #__VA_ARGS__ );     CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__ ,      #__VA_ARGS__ );     CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       CATCH_REQUIRE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK( ... )       CATCH_CHECK( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) CATCH_CHECK_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #endif
+
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) CATCH_TEST_CASE( "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )     INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "    Given: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_GIVEN( desc ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "And given: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_WHEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     When: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( " And when: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_THEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     Then: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "      And: " << desc )
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE) // ^^ prefixed, implemented | vv prefixed, disabled
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE( ... )        (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... )  (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK( ... )         (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_FALSE( ... )   (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_IF( ... )    if (__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE( ... )  if (!(__VA_ARGS__))
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL( ... )  (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS( ... )  (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... )
+  #define CATCH_REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_SECTION( ... )
+  #define CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )
+  #define CATCH_FAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_FAIL_CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_SUCCEED( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_SKIP( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), className )
+  #define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_GIVEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_WHEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_THEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE) // ^^ prefixed, disabled | vv unprefixed, implemented
+
+  #define REQUIRE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "REQUIRE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__  )
+  #define REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "REQUIRE_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "REQUIRE_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "REQUIRE_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, expr )
+  #define REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "REQUIRE_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CHECK", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECK_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CHECK_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECKED_IF( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( "CHECKED_IF", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( "CHECKED_ELSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CHECK_NOFAIL", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CHECK_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CHECK_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, expr )
+  #define CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "CHECK_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define FAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "FAIL", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define FAIL_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "FAIL_CHECK", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SUCCEED( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SUCCEED", Catch::ResultWas::Ok, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SKIP( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SKIP", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitSkip, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+  #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNTIME_STATIC_REQUIRE)
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__,  #__VA_ARGS__ ); SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); SUCCEED( "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__,  #__VA_ARGS__ ); SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); SUCCEED( "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" )
+  #else
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       REQUIRE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) REQUIRE_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK( ... )       CHECK( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) CHECK_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #endif
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define SCENARIO( ... ) TEST_CASE( "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define GIVEN( desc )     INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "    Given: " << desc )
+  #define AND_GIVEN( desc ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "And given: " << desc )
+  #define WHEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     When: " << desc )
+  #define AND_WHEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( " And when: " << desc )
+  #define THEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     Then: " << desc )
+  #define AND_THEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "      And: " << desc )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE) // ^^ unprefixed, implemented | vv unprefixed, disabled
+
+  #define REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CHECKED_IF( ... ) if (__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) if (!(__VA_ARGS__))
+  #define CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS( ... )  (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define TEST_CASE( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), __VA_ARGS__)
+  #define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... )
+  #define REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define SECTION( ... )
+  #define DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )
+  #define FAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define FAIL_CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define SUCCEED( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define SKIP( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define STATIC_CHECK( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ) )
+  #define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), className )
+
+  #define GIVEN( desc )
+  #define AND_GIVEN( desc )
+  #define WHEN( desc )
+  #define AND_WHEN( desc )
+  #define THEN( desc )
+  #define AND_THEN( desc )
+
+#endif // ^^ unprefixed, disabled
+
+// end of user facing macros
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+// We need to silence "empty __VA_ARGS__ warning", and using just _Pragma does not work
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(...) __VA_ARGS__
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(__VA_ARGS__)))
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(...) __VA_ARGS__
+// MSVC needs more evaluations
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSE(...)  CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(__VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+#define CATCH_RECURSE(...)  CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+#define CATCH_REC_END(...)
+#define CATCH_REC_OUT
+
+#define CATCH_EMPTY()
+#define CATCH_DEFER(id) id CATCH_EMPTY()
+
+#define CATCH_REC_GET_END2() 0, CATCH_REC_END
+#define CATCH_REC_GET_END1(...) CATCH_REC_GET_END2
+#define CATCH_REC_GET_END(...) CATCH_REC_GET_END1
+#define CATCH_REC_NEXT0(test, next, ...) next CATCH_REC_OUT
+#define CATCH_REC_NEXT1(test, next) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT0 ) ( test, next, 0)
+#define CATCH_REC_NEXT(test, next)  CATCH_REC_NEXT1(CATCH_REC_GET_END test, next)
+
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST0(f, x, peek, ...) , f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST1(f, x, peek, ...) , f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST0) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST2(f, x, peek, ...)   f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST0_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...) , f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...) , f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST0_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST2_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...)   f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+// Applies the function macro `f` to each of the remaining parameters, inserts commas between the results,
+// and passes userdata as the first parameter to each invocation,
+// e.g. CATCH_REC_LIST_UD(f, x, a, b, c) evaluates to f(x, a), f(x, b), f(x, c)
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST_UD(f, userdata, ...) CATCH_RECURSE(CATCH_REC_LIST2_UD(f, userdata, __VA_ARGS__, ()()(), ()()(), ()()(), 0))
+
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST(f, ...) CATCH_RECURSE(CATCH_REC_LIST2(f, __VA_ARGS__, ()()(), ()()(), ()()(), 0))
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(__VA_ARGS__)
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(...) #__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS(param) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(param))
+#else
+// MSVC is adding extra space and needs another indirection to expand INTERNAL_CATCH_NOINTERNAL_CATCH_DEF
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE3(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE3(...) #__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS(param) (INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(param)) + 1)
+#endif
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE2(...) ns_##__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(name) INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE2(name)
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(...) decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(__VA_ARGS__)>())
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(__VA_ARGS__)>()))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#endif
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(...)\
+    CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST,__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG(_0) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG(_0, _1) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG(_1)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG(_0, _1, _2) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG(_1, _2)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG(_1, _2, _3)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10)
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, N, ...) N
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+    template<typename...> struct TypeList {};\
+    template<typename...Ts>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> TypeList<Ts...> { return {}; }\
+    template<template<typename...> class...> struct TemplateTypeList{};\
+    template<template<typename...> class...Cs>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> TemplateTypeList<Cs...> { return {}; }\
+    template<typename...>\
+    struct append;\
+    template<typename...>\
+    struct rewrap;\
+    template<template<typename...> class, typename...>\
+    struct create;\
+    template<template<typename...> class, typename>\
+    struct convert;\
+    \
+    template<typename T> \
+    struct append<T> { using type = T; };\
+    template< template<typename...> class L1, typename...E1, template<typename...> class L2, typename...E2, typename...Rest>\
+    struct append<L1<E1...>, L2<E2...>, Rest...> { using type = typename append<L1<E1...,E2...>, Rest...>::type; };\
+    template< template<typename...> class L1, typename...E1, typename...Rest>\
+    struct append<L1<E1...>, TypeList<mpl_::na>, Rest...> { using type = L1<E1...>; };\
+    \
+    template< template<typename...> class Container, template<typename...> class List, typename...elems>\
+    struct rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, List<elems...>> { using type = TypeList<Container<elems...>>; };\
+    template< template<typename...> class Container, template<typename...> class List, class...Elems, typename...Elements>\
+    struct rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, List<Elems...>, Elements...> { using type = typename append<TypeList<Container<Elems...>>, typename rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, Elements...>::type>::type; };\
+    \
+    template<template <typename...> class Final, template< typename...> class...Containers, typename...Types>\
+    struct create<Final, TemplateTypeList<Containers...>, TypeList<Types...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>, typename rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Containers>, Types...>::type...>::type; };\
+    template<template <typename...> class Final, template <typename...> class List, typename...Ts>\
+    struct convert<Final, List<Ts...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>,TypeList<Ts>...>::type; };
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> struct Nttp{};\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> Nttp<__VA_ARGS__> { return {}; } \
+    template<template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...> struct NttpTemplateTypeList{};\
+    template<template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...Cs>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> NttpTemplateTypeList<Cs...> { return {}; } \
+    \
+    template< template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class Container, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class List, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    struct rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, List<__VA_ARGS__>> { using type = TypeList<Container<__VA_ARGS__>>; };\
+    template< template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class Container, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class List, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature), typename...Elements>\
+    struct rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, List<__VA_ARGS__>, Elements...> { using type = typename append<TypeList<Container<__VA_ARGS__>>, typename rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, Elements...>::type>::type; };\
+    template<template <typename...> class Final, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...Containers, typename...Types>\
+    struct create<Final, NttpTemplateTypeList<Containers...>, TypeList<Types...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>, typename rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Containers>, Types...>::type...>::type; };
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0(TestName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1(TestName, signature)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0(TestName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1(TestName, signature)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X(TestName, signature,...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0(TestFunc, signature)\
+    template<typename Type>\
+    void reg_test(TypeList<Type>, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestFunc<Type>), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER(TestFunc, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    void reg_test(Nttp<__VA_ARGS__>, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestFunc<__VA_ARGS__>), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<typename Type>\
+    void reg_test(TypeList<Type>, Catch::StringRef className, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestName<Type>::test), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, className, nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    void reg_test(Nttp<__VA_ARGS__>, Catch::StringRef className, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestName<__VA_ARGS__>::test), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, className, nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0(TestName, ClassName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1(TestName, ClassName, signature)\
+    template<typename TestType> \
+    struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName)<TestType> { \
+        void test();\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X(TestName, ClassName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> \
+    struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName)<__VA_ARGS__> { \
+        void test();\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0(TestName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1(TestName, signature)\
+    template<typename TestType> \
+    void INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName)::TestName<TestType>::test()
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> \
+    void INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName)::TestName<__VA_ARGS__>::test()
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__),INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, ClassName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0)(TestFunc, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG)(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0(signature)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1,INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0)( __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, ClassName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0)(TestFunc, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG)(__VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// GCC 5 and older do not properly handle disabling unused-variable warning
+// with a _Pragma. This means that we have to leak the suppression to the
+// user code as well :-(
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ <= 5
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )  \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )    \
+        namespace{                                                                                  \
+            namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName) {                                      \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
+        }                                                                                           \
+        }                                                                                           \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2(TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            template<typename...Types> \
+            struct TestName{\
+                TestName(){\
+                    size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, __VA_ARGS__)}; /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays) */\
+                    using expander = size_t[]; /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays) */\
+                    (void)expander{(reg_test(Types{}, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index]), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static const int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+            TestName<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(__VA_ARGS__)>();\
+            return 0;\
+        }();\
+        }\
+        }\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(TestName, TestFuncName, Name, Tags, Signature, TmplTypes, TypesList) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS                \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS       \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> static void TestFuncName();       \
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName) {                                     \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN                                                  \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))         \
+            template<typename... Types>                               \
+            struct TestName {                                         \
+                void reg_tests() {                                          \
+                    size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                    using expander = size_t[];                           \
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes))};\
+                    constexpr char const* types_list[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))};\
+                    constexpr auto num_types = sizeof(types_list) / sizeof(types_list[0]);\
+                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestFuncName<Types> ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index / num_types]) + '<' + std::string(types_list[index % num_types]) + '>', Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */\
+                }                                                     \
+            };                                                        \
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){ \
+                using TestInit = typename create<TestName, decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes)>()), TypeList<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))>>::type; \
+                TestInit t;                                           \
+                t.reg_tests();                                        \
+                return 0;                                             \
+            }();                                                      \
+        }                                                             \
+        }                                                             \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                       \
+        template<typename TestType>                                   \
+        static void TestFuncName()
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename T,__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_2(TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, TmplList)\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> static void TestFunc();       \
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+        template<typename... Types>                               \
+        struct TestName {                                         \
+            void reg_tests() {                                          \
+                size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                using expander = size_t[];                           \
+                (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestFunc<Types> ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(TmplList) " - " + std::to_string(index), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */\
+            }                                                     \
+        };\
+        static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){ \
+                using TestInit = typename convert<TestName, TmplList>::type; \
+                TestInit t;                                           \
+                t.reg_tests();                                        \
+                return 0;                                             \
+            }();                                                      \
+        }}\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                       \
+        template<typename TestType>                                   \
+        static void TestFunc()
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, TmplList) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, TmplList )
+
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){ \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            template<typename...Types> \
+            struct TestNameClass{\
+                TestNameClass(){\
+                    size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, __VA_ARGS__)};\
+                    using expander = size_t[];\
+                    (void)expander{(reg_test(Types{}, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index]), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+                TestNameClass<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(__VA_ARGS__)>();\
+                return 0;\
+        }();\
+        }\
+        }\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2(TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, TmplTypes, TypesList)\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName <TestType>) { \
+                void test();\
+            };\
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestNameClass) {\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN                  \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            template<typename...Types>\
+            struct TestNameClass{\
+                void reg_tests(){\
+                    std::size_t index = 0;\
+                    using expander = std::size_t[];\
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes))};\
+                    constexpr char const* types_list[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))};\
+                    constexpr auto num_types = sizeof(types_list) / sizeof(types_list[0]);\
+                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName<Types>::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index / num_types]) + '<' + std::string(types_list[index % num_types]) + '>', Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+                using TestInit = typename create<TestNameClass, decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes)>()), TypeList<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))>>::type;\
+                TestInit t;\
+                t.reg_tests();\
+                return 0;\
+            }(); \
+        }\
+        }\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+        void TestName<TestType>::test()
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T,__VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature,__VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+        struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName <TestType>) { \
+            void test();\
+        };\
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){ \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+            template<typename...Types>\
+            struct TestNameClass{\
+                void reg_tests(){\
+                    size_t index = 0;\
+                    using expander = size_t[];\
+                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName<Types>::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName##_catch_sr, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(TmplList) " - " + std::to_string(index), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+                using TestInit = typename convert<TestNameClass, TmplList>::type;\
+                TestInit t;\
+                t.reg_tests();\
+                return 0;\
+            }(); \
+        }}\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+        void TestName<TestType>::test()
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD(ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList )
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+  // When disabled, these can be shared between proper preprocessor and MSVC preprocessor
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+  // When disabled, these can be shared between proper preprocessor and MSVC preprocessor
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#endif // end of user facing macro declarations
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * A **view** of a tag string that provides case insensitive comparisons
+     *
+     * Note that in Catch2 internals, the square brackets around tags are
+     * not a part of tag's representation, so e.g. "[cool-tag]" is represented
+     * as "cool-tag" internally.
+     */
+    struct Tag {
+        constexpr Tag(StringRef original_):
+            original(original_)
+        {}
+        StringRef original;
+
+        friend bool operator< ( Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs );
+        friend bool operator==( Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs );
+    };
+
+    class ITestInvoker;
+    struct NameAndTags;
+
+    enum class TestCaseProperties : uint8_t {
+        None = 0,
+        IsHidden = 1 << 1,
+        ShouldFail = 1 << 2,
+        MayFail = 1 << 3,
+        Throws = 1 << 4,
+        NonPortable = 1 << 5,
+        Benchmark = 1 << 6
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Various metadata about the test case.
+     *
+     * A test case is uniquely identified by its (class)name and tags
+     * combination, with source location being ignored, and other properties
+     * being determined from tags.
+     *
+     * Tags are kept sorted.
+     */
+    struct TestCaseInfo : Detail::NonCopyable {
+
+        TestCaseInfo(StringRef _className,
+                     NameAndTags const& _nameAndTags,
+                     SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo);
+
+        bool isHidden() const;
+        bool throws() const;
+        bool okToFail() const;
+        bool expectedToFail() const;
+
+        // Adds the tag(s) with test's filename (for the -# flag)
+        void addFilenameTag();
+
+        //! Orders by name, classname and tags
+        friend bool operator<( TestCaseInfo const& lhs,
+                               TestCaseInfo const& rhs );
+
+
+        std::string tagsAsString() const;
+
+        std::string name;
+        StringRef className;
+    private:
+        std::string backingTags;
+        // Internally we copy tags to the backing storage and then add
+        // refs to this storage to the tags vector.
+        void internalAppendTag(StringRef tagString);
+    public:
+        std::vector<Tag> tags;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+        TestCaseProperties properties = TestCaseProperties::None;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper over the test case information and the test case invoker
+     *
+     * Does not own either, and is specifically made to be cheap
+     * to copy around.
+     */
+    class TestCaseHandle {
+        TestCaseInfo* m_info;
+        ITestInvoker* m_invoker;
+    public:
+        TestCaseHandle(TestCaseInfo* info, ITestInvoker* invoker) :
+            m_info(info), m_invoker(invoker) {}
+
+        void invoke() const {
+            m_invoker->invoke();
+        }
+
+        TestCaseInfo const& getTestCaseInfo() const;
+    };
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>
+    makeTestCaseInfo( StringRef className,
+                      NameAndTags const& nameAndTags,
+                      SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+}
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    using exceptionTranslateFunction = std::string(*)();
+
+    class IExceptionTranslator;
+    using ExceptionTranslators = std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator const>>;
+
+    class IExceptionTranslator {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslator(); // = default
+        virtual std::string translate( ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator it, ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator itEnd ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    class IExceptionTranslatorRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslatorRegistry(); // = default
+        virtual std::string translateActiveException() const = 0;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        void registerTranslatorImpl(
+            Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator );
+    }
+
+    class ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar {
+        template<typename T>
+        class ExceptionTranslator : public IExceptionTranslator {
+        public:
+
+            ExceptionTranslator( std::string(*translateFunction)( T const& ) )
+            : m_translateFunction( translateFunction )
+            {}
+
+            std::string translate( ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator it, ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator itEnd ) const override {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+                try {
+                    if( it == itEnd )
+                        std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+                    else
+                        return (*it)->translate( it+1, itEnd );
+                }
+                catch( T const& ex ) {
+                    return m_translateFunction( ex );
+                }
+#else
+                return "You should never get here!";
+#endif
+            }
+
+        protected:
+            std::string(*m_translateFunction)( T const& );
+        };
+
+    public:
+        template<typename T>
+        ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar( std::string(*translateFunction)( T const& ) ) {
+            Detail::registerTranslatorImpl(
+                Detail::make_unique<ExceptionTranslator<T>>(
+                    translateFunction ) );
+        }
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( translatorName, signature ) \
+    static std::string translatorName( signature ); \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &translatorName ); } \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+    static std::string translatorName( signature )
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_NO_REG( translatorName, signature) \
+            static std::string translatorName( signature )
+#endif
+
+
+// This macro is always prefixed
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+#define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature )
+#else
+#define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_NO_REG( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_VERSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_VERSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // Versioning information
+    struct Version {
+        Version( Version const& ) = delete;
+        Version& operator=( Version const& ) = delete;
+        Version(    unsigned int _majorVersion,
+                    unsigned int _minorVersion,
+                    unsigned int _patchNumber,
+                    char const * const _branchName,
+                    unsigned int _buildNumber );
+
+        unsigned int const majorVersion;
+        unsigned int const minorVersion;
+        unsigned int const patchNumber;
+
+        // buildNumber is only used if branchName is not null
+        char const * const branchName;
+        unsigned int const buildNumber;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Version const& version );
+    };
+
+    Version const& libraryVersion();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_VERSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_VERSION_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_VERSION_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#define CATCH_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define CATCH_VERSION_MINOR 6
+#define CATCH_VERSION_PATCH 0
+
+#endif // CATCH_VERSION_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's Generator support. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to generators.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `generators` folder,
+ * or to the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATOR_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATOR_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // Exception type to be thrown when a Generator runs into an error,
+    // e.g. it cannot initialize the first return value based on
+    // runtime information
+    class GeneratorException : public std::exception {
+        const char* const m_msg = "";
+
+    public:
+        GeneratorException(const char* msg):
+            m_msg(msg)
+        {}
+
+        const char* what() const noexcept override final;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATOR_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_GENERATORTRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_GENERATORTRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Generators {
+        class GeneratorUntypedBase {
+            // Caches result from `toStringImpl`, assume that when it is an
+            // empty string, the cache is invalidated.
+            mutable std::string m_stringReprCache;
+
+            // Counts based on `next` returning true
+            std::size_t m_currentElementIndex = 0;
+
+            /**
+             * Attempts to move the generator to the next element
+             *
+             * Returns true iff the move succeeded (and a valid element
+             * can be retrieved).
+             */
+            virtual bool next() = 0;
+
+            //! Customization point for `currentElementAsString`
+            virtual std::string stringifyImpl() const = 0;
+
+        public:
+            GeneratorUntypedBase() = default;
+            // Generation of copy ops is deprecated (and Clang will complain)
+            // if there is a user destructor defined
+            GeneratorUntypedBase(GeneratorUntypedBase const&) = default;
+            GeneratorUntypedBase& operator=(GeneratorUntypedBase const&) = default;
+
+            virtual ~GeneratorUntypedBase(); // = default;
+
+            /**
+             * Attempts to move the generator to the next element
+             *
+             * Serves as a non-virtual interface to `next`, so that the
+             * top level interface can provide sanity checking and shared
+             * features.
+             *
+             * As with `next`, returns true iff the move succeeded and
+             * the generator has new valid element to provide.
+             */
+            bool countedNext();
+
+            std::size_t currentElementIndex() const { return m_currentElementIndex; }
+
+            /**
+             * Returns generator's current element as user-friendly string.
+             *
+             * By default returns string equivalent to calling
+             * `Catch::Detail::stringify` on the current element, but generators
+             * can customize their implementation as needed.
+             *
+             * Not thread-safe due to internal caching.
+             *
+             * The returned ref is valid only until the generator instance
+             * is destructed, or it moves onto the next element, whichever
+             * comes first.
+             */
+            StringRef currentElementAsString() const;
+        };
+        using GeneratorBasePtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<GeneratorUntypedBase>;
+
+    } // namespace Generators
+
+    class IGeneratorTracker {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IGeneratorTracker(); // = default;
+        virtual auto hasGenerator() const -> bool = 0;
+        virtual auto getGenerator() const -> Generators::GeneratorBasePtr const& = 0;
+        virtual void setGenerator( Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) = 0;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_GENERATORTRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace Generators {
+
+namespace Detail {
+
+    //! Throws GeneratorException with the provided message
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_generator_exception(char const * msg);
+
+} // end namespace detail
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class IGenerator : public GeneratorUntypedBase {
+        std::string stringifyImpl() const override {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify( get() );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        // Returns the current element of the generator
+        //
+        // \Precondition The generator is either freshly constructed,
+        // or the last call to `next()` returned true
+        virtual T const& get() const = 0;
+        using type = T;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using GeneratorPtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<IGenerator<T>>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class GeneratorWrapper final {
+        GeneratorPtr<T> m_generator;
+    public:
+        //! Takes ownership of the passed pointer.
+        GeneratorWrapper(IGenerator<T>* generator):
+            m_generator(generator) {}
+        GeneratorWrapper(GeneratorPtr<T> generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)) {}
+
+        T const& get() const {
+            return m_generator->get();
+        }
+        bool next() {
+            return m_generator->countedNext();
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class SingleValueGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        T m_value;
+    public:
+        SingleValueGenerator(T const& value) :
+            m_value(value)
+        {}
+        SingleValueGenerator(T&& value):
+            m_value(CATCH_MOVE(value))
+        {}
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_value;
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class FixedValuesGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
+            "FixedValuesGenerator does not support bools because of std::vector<bool>"
+            "specialization, use SingleValue Generator instead.");
+        std::vector<T> m_values;
+        size_t m_idx = 0;
+    public:
+        FixedValuesGenerator( std::initializer_list<T> values ) : m_values( values ) {}
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_values[m_idx];
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            ++m_idx;
+            return m_idx < m_values.size();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename DecayedT = std::decay_t<T>>
+    GeneratorWrapper<DecayedT> value( T&& value ) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<DecayedT>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<SingleValueGenerator<DecayedT>>(
+                CATCH_FORWARD( value ) ) );
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> values(std::initializer_list<T> values) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<FixedValuesGenerator<T>>(values));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class Generators : public IGenerator<T> {
+        std::vector<GeneratorWrapper<T>> m_generators;
+        size_t m_current = 0;
+
+        void add_generator( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator ) {
+            m_generators.emplace_back( CATCH_MOVE( generator ) );
+        }
+        void add_generator( T const& val ) {
+            m_generators.emplace_back( value( val ) );
+        }
+        void add_generator( T&& val ) {
+            m_generators.emplace_back( value( CATCH_MOVE( val ) ) );
+        }
+        template <typename U>
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::decay_t<U>, T>::value>
+        add_generator( U&& val ) {
+            add_generator( T( CATCH_FORWARD( val ) ) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename U> void add_generators( U&& valueOrGenerator ) {
+            add_generator( CATCH_FORWARD( valueOrGenerator ) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename U, typename... Gs>
+        void add_generators( U&& valueOrGenerator, Gs&&... moreGenerators ) {
+            add_generator( CATCH_FORWARD( valueOrGenerator ) );
+            add_generators( CATCH_FORWARD( moreGenerators )... );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        template <typename... Gs>
+        Generators(Gs &&... moreGenerators) {
+            m_generators.reserve(sizeof...(Gs));
+            add_generators(CATCH_FORWARD(moreGenerators)...);
+        }
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_generators[m_current].get();
+        }
+
+        bool next() override {
+            if (m_current >= m_generators.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const bool current_status = m_generators[m_current].next();
+            if (!current_status) {
+                ++m_current;
+            }
+            return m_current < m_generators.size();
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    GeneratorWrapper<std::tuple<std::decay_t<Ts>...>>
+    table( std::initializer_list<std::tuple<std::decay_t<Ts>...>> tuples ) {
+        return values<std::tuple<Ts...>>( tuples );
+    }
+
+    // Tag type to signal that a generator sequence should convert arguments to a specific type
+    template <typename T>
+    struct as {};
+
+    template<typename T, typename... Gs>
+    auto makeGenerators( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
+        return Generators<T>(CATCH_MOVE(generator), CATCH_FORWARD(moreGenerators)...);
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    auto makeGenerators( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator ) -> Generators<T> {
+        return Generators<T>(CATCH_MOVE(generator));
+    }
+    template<typename T, typename... Gs>
+    auto makeGenerators( T&& val, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<std::decay_t<T>> {
+        return makeGenerators( value( CATCH_FORWARD( val ) ), CATCH_FORWARD( moreGenerators )... );
+    }
+    template<typename T, typename U, typename... Gs>
+    auto makeGenerators( as<T>, U&& val, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
+        return makeGenerators( value( T( CATCH_FORWARD( val ) ) ), CATCH_FORWARD( moreGenerators )... );
+    }
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                                SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+    IGeneratorTracker* createGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                               SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+                                               GeneratorBasePtr&& generator );
+
+    template<typename L>
+    auto generate( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, L const& generatorExpression ) -> typename decltype(generatorExpression())::type {
+        using UnderlyingType = typename decltype(generatorExpression())::type;
+
+        IGeneratorTracker* tracker = acquireGeneratorTracker( generatorName, lineInfo );
+        // Creation of tracker is delayed after generator creation, so
+        // that constructing generator can fail without breaking everything.
+        if (!tracker) {
+            tracker = createGeneratorTracker(
+                generatorName,
+                lineInfo,
+                Catch::Detail::make_unique<Generators<UnderlyingType>>(
+                    generatorExpression() ) );
+        }
+
+        auto const& generator = static_cast<IGenerator<UnderlyingType> const&>( *tracker->getGenerator() );
+        return generator.get();
+    }
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE_IMPL( ... ) #__VA_ARGS__##_catch_sr
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(...) CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define GENERATE( ... ) \
+    Catch::Generators::generate( CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
+                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
+                                 [ ]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
+#define GENERATE_COPY( ... ) \
+    Catch::Generators::generate( CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
+                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
+                                 [=]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
+#define GENERATE_REF( ... ) \
+    Catch::Generators::generate( CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
+                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
+                                 [&]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_ADAPTERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_ADAPTERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Generators {
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class TakeGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        size_t m_returned = 0;
+        size_t m_target;
+    public:
+        TakeGenerator(size_t target, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_target(target)
+        {
+            assert(target != 0 && "Empty generators are not allowed");
+        }
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_generator.get();
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            ++m_returned;
+            if (m_returned >= m_target) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const auto success = m_generator.next();
+            // If the underlying generator does not contain enough values
+            // then we cut short as well
+            if (!success) {
+                m_returned = m_target;
+            }
+            return success;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> take(size_t target, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<TakeGenerator<T>>(target, CATCH_MOVE(generator)));
+    }
+
+
+    template <typename T, typename Predicate>
+    class FilterGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        Predicate m_predicate;
+    public:
+        template <typename P = Predicate>
+        FilterGenerator(P&& pred, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_predicate(CATCH_FORWARD(pred))
+        {
+            if (!m_predicate(m_generator.get())) {
+                // It might happen that there are no values that pass the
+                // filter. In that case we throw an exception.
+                auto has_initial_value = next();
+                if (!has_initial_value) {
+                    Detail::throw_generator_exception("No valid value found in filtered generator");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_generator.get();
+        }
+
+        bool next() override {
+            bool success = m_generator.next();
+            if (!success) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            while (!m_predicate(m_generator.get()) && (success = m_generator.next()) == true);
+            return success;
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template <typename T, typename Predicate>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> filter(Predicate&& pred, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<FilterGenerator<T, Predicate>>(CATCH_FORWARD(pred), CATCH_MOVE(generator)));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class RepeatGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
+            "RepeatGenerator currently does not support bools"
+            "because of std::vector<bool> specialization");
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        mutable std::vector<T> m_returned;
+        size_t m_target_repeats;
+        size_t m_current_repeat = 0;
+        size_t m_repeat_index = 0;
+    public:
+        RepeatGenerator(size_t repeats, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_target_repeats(repeats)
+        {
+            assert(m_target_repeats > 0 && "Repeat generator must repeat at least once");
+        }
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            if (m_current_repeat == 0) {
+                m_returned.push_back(m_generator.get());
+                return m_returned.back();
+            }
+            return m_returned[m_repeat_index];
+        }
+
+        bool next() override {
+            // There are 2 basic cases:
+            // 1) We are still reading the generator
+            // 2) We are reading our own cache
+
+            // In the first case, we need to poke the underlying generator.
+            // If it happily moves, we are left in that state, otherwise it is time to start reading from our cache
+            if (m_current_repeat == 0) {
+                const auto success = m_generator.next();
+                if (!success) {
+                    ++m_current_repeat;
+                }
+                return m_current_repeat < m_target_repeats;
+            }
+
+            // In the second case, we need to move indices forward and check that we haven't run up against the end
+            ++m_repeat_index;
+            if (m_repeat_index == m_returned.size()) {
+                m_repeat_index = 0;
+                ++m_current_repeat;
+            }
+            return m_current_repeat < m_target_repeats;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> repeat(size_t repeats, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<RepeatGenerator<T>>(repeats, CATCH_MOVE(generator)));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename U, typename Func>
+    class MapGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        // TBD: provide static assert for mapping function, for friendly error message
+        GeneratorWrapper<U> m_generator;
+        Func m_function;
+        // To avoid returning dangling reference, we have to save the values
+        T m_cache;
+    public:
+        template <typename F2 = Func>
+        MapGenerator(F2&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) :
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_function(CATCH_FORWARD(function)),
+            m_cache(m_function(m_generator.get()))
+        {}
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_cache;
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            const auto success = m_generator.next();
+            if (success) {
+                m_cache = m_function(m_generator.get());
+            }
+            return success;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename Func, typename U, typename T = FunctionReturnType<Func, U>>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> map(Func&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<MapGenerator<T, U, Func>>(CATCH_FORWARD(function), CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename U, typename Func>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> map(Func&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<MapGenerator<T, U, Func>>(CATCH_FORWARD(function), CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ChunkGenerator final : public IGenerator<std::vector<T>> {
+        std::vector<T> m_chunk;
+        size_t m_chunk_size;
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        bool m_used_up = false;
+    public:
+        ChunkGenerator(size_t size, GeneratorWrapper<T> generator) :
+            m_chunk_size(size), m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        {
+            m_chunk.reserve(m_chunk_size);
+            if (m_chunk_size != 0) {
+                m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
+                for (size_t i = 1; i < m_chunk_size; ++i) {
+                    if (!m_generator.next()) {
+                        Detail::throw_generator_exception("Not enough values to initialize the first chunk");
+                    }
+                    m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        std::vector<T> const& get() const override {
+            return m_chunk;
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            m_chunk.clear();
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < m_chunk_size; ++idx) {
+                if (!m_generator.next()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<std::vector<T>> chunk(size_t size, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<std::vector<T>>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<ChunkGenerator<T>>(size, CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_ADAPTERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_RANDOM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_RANDOM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // This is a simple implementation of C++11 Uniform Random Number
+    // Generator. It does not provide all operators, because Catch2
+    // does not use it, but it should behave as expected inside stdlib's
+    // distributions.
+    // The implementation is based on the PCG family (http://pcg-random.org)
+    class SimplePcg32 {
+        using state_type = std::uint64_t;
+    public:
+        using result_type = std::uint32_t;
+        static constexpr result_type (min)() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        static constexpr result_type (max)() {
+            return static_cast<result_type>(-1);
+        }
+
+        // Provide some default initial state for the default constructor
+        SimplePcg32():SimplePcg32(0xed743cc4U) {}
+
+        explicit SimplePcg32(result_type seed_);
+
+        void seed(result_type seed_);
+        void discard(uint64_t skip);
+
+        result_type operator()();
+
+    private:
+        friend bool operator==(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs);
+        friend bool operator!=(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs);
+
+        // In theory we also need operator<< and operator>>
+        // In practice we do not use them, so we will skip them for now
+
+
+        std::uint64_t m_state;
+        // This part of the state determines which "stream" of the numbers
+        // is chosen -- we take it as a constant for Catch2, so we only
+        // need to deal with seeding the main state.
+        // Picked by reading 8 bytes from `/dev/random` :-)
+        static const std::uint64_t s_inc = (0x13ed0cc53f939476ULL << 1ULL) | 1ULL;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIFORM_INTEGER_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIFORM_INTEGER_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_INTEGER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_INTEGER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+// Note: We use the usual enable-disable-autodetect dance here even though
+//       we do not support these in CMake configuration options (yet?).
+//       It is highly unlikely that we will need to make these actually
+//       user-configurable, but this will make it simpler if weend up needing
+//       it, and it provides an escape hatch to the users who need it.
+#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_UINT128
+// Unlike GCC, MSVC does not polyfill umul as mulh + mul pair on ARM machines.
+// Currently we do not bother doing this ourselves, but we could if it became
+// important for perf.
+#elif defined( _MSC_VER ) && defined( _M_X64 )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_MSVC_UMUL128
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_UINT128 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_UINT128 ) &&      \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_UINT128 )
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_UINT128
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_MSVC_UMUL128 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_MSVC_UMUL128 ) &&      \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_MSVC_UMUL128 )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_MSVC_UMUL128
+#    include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <std::size_t>
+        struct SizedUnsignedType;
+#define SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( TYPE )        \
+    template <>                                \
+    struct SizedUnsignedType<sizeof( TYPE )> { \
+        using type = TYPE;                     \
+    }
+
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint8_t );
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint16_t );
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint32_t );
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint64_t );
+#undef SizedUnsignedTypeHelper
+
+        template <std::size_t sz>
+        using SizedUnsignedType_t = typename SizedUnsignedType<sz>::type;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using DoubleWidthUnsignedType_t = SizedUnsignedType_t<2 * sizeof( T )>;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct ExtendedMultResult {
+            T upper;
+            T lower;
+            bool operator==( ExtendedMultResult const& rhs ) const {
+                return upper == rhs.upper && lower == rhs.lower;
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns 128 bit result of lhs * rhs using portable C++ code
+         *
+         * This implementation is almost twice as fast as naive long multiplication,
+         * and unlike intrinsic-based approach, it supports constexpr evaluation.
+         */
+        constexpr ExtendedMultResult<std::uint64_t>
+        extendedMultPortable(std::uint64_t lhs, std::uint64_t rhs) {
+#define CarryBits( x ) ( x >> 32 )
+#define Digits( x ) ( x & 0xFF'FF'FF'FF )
+            std::uint64_t lhs_low = Digits( lhs );
+            std::uint64_t rhs_low = Digits( rhs );
+            std::uint64_t low_low = ( lhs_low * rhs_low );
+            std::uint64_t high_high = CarryBits( lhs ) * CarryBits( rhs );
+
+            // We add in carry bits from low-low already
+            std::uint64_t high_low =
+                ( CarryBits( lhs ) * rhs_low ) + CarryBits( low_low );
+            // Note that we can add only low bits from high_low, to avoid
+            // overflow with large inputs
+            std::uint64_t low_high =
+                ( lhs_low * CarryBits( rhs ) ) + Digits( high_low );
+
+            return { high_high + CarryBits( high_low ) + CarryBits( low_high ),
+                     ( low_high << 32 ) | Digits( low_low ) };
+#undef CarryBits
+#undef Digits
+        }
+
+        //! Returns 128 bit result of lhs * rhs
+        inline ExtendedMultResult<std::uint64_t>
+        extendedMult( std::uint64_t lhs, std::uint64_t rhs ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_UINT128 )
+            auto result = __uint128_t( lhs ) * __uint128_t( rhs );
+            return { static_cast<std::uint64_t>( result >> 64 ),
+                     static_cast<std::uint64_t>( result ) };
+#elif defined( CATCH_CONFIG_MSVC_UMUL128 )
+            std::uint64_t high;
+            std::uint64_t low = _umul128( lhs, rhs, &high );
+            return { high, low };
+#else
+            return extendedMultPortable( lhs, rhs );
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        template <typename UInt>
+        constexpr ExtendedMultResult<UInt> extendedMult( UInt lhs, UInt rhs ) {
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<UInt>::value,
+                           "extendedMult can only handle unsigned integers" );
+            static_assert( sizeof( UInt ) < sizeof( std::uint64_t ),
+                           "Generic extendedMult can only handle types smaller "
+                           "than uint64_t" );
+            using WideType = DoubleWidthUnsignedType_t<UInt>;
+
+            auto result = WideType( lhs ) * WideType( rhs );
+            return {
+                static_cast<UInt>( result >> ( CHAR_BIT * sizeof( UInt ) ) ),
+                static_cast<UInt>( result & UInt( -1 ) ) };
+        }
+
+
+        template <typename TargetType,
+                  typename Generator>
+            std::enable_if_t<sizeof(typename Generator::result_type) >= sizeof(TargetType),
+            TargetType> fillBitsFrom(Generator& gen) {
+            using gresult_type = typename Generator::result_type;
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<TargetType>::value, "Only unsigned integers are supported" );
+            static_assert( Generator::min() == 0 &&
+                           Generator::max() == static_cast<gresult_type>( -1 ),
+                           "Generator must be able to output all numbers in its result type (effectively it must be a random bit generator)" );
+
+            // We want to return the top bits from a generator, as they are
+            // usually considered higher quality.
+            constexpr auto generated_bits = sizeof( gresult_type ) * CHAR_BIT;
+            constexpr auto return_bits = sizeof( TargetType ) * CHAR_BIT;
+
+            return static_cast<TargetType>( gen() >>
+                                            ( generated_bits - return_bits) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename TargetType,
+                  typename Generator>
+            std::enable_if_t<sizeof(typename Generator::result_type) < sizeof(TargetType),
+            TargetType> fillBitsFrom(Generator& gen) {
+            using gresult_type = typename Generator::result_type;
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<TargetType>::value,
+                           "Only unsigned integers are supported" );
+            static_assert( Generator::min() == 0 &&
+                           Generator::max() == static_cast<gresult_type>( -1 ),
+                           "Generator must be able to output all numbers in its result type (effectively it must be a random bit generator)" );
+
+            constexpr auto generated_bits = sizeof( gresult_type ) * CHAR_BIT;
+            constexpr auto return_bits = sizeof( TargetType ) * CHAR_BIT;
+            std::size_t filled_bits = 0;
+            TargetType ret = 0;
+            do {
+                ret <<= generated_bits;
+                ret |= gen();
+                filled_bits += generated_bits;
+            } while ( filled_bits < return_bits );
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Transposes numbers into unsigned type while keeping their ordering
+         *
+         * This means that signed types are changed so that the ordering is
+         * [INT_MIN, ..., -1, 0, ..., INT_MAX], rather than order we would
+         * get by simple casting ([0, ..., INT_MAX, INT_MIN, ..., -1])
+         */
+        template <typename OriginalType, typename UnsignedType>
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<OriginalType>::value, UnsignedType>
+        transposeToNaturalOrder( UnsignedType in ) {
+            static_assert(
+                sizeof( OriginalType ) == sizeof( UnsignedType ),
+                "reordering requires the same sized types on both sides" );
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<UnsignedType>::value,
+                           "Input type must be unsigned" );
+            // Assuming 2s complement (standardized in current C++), the
+            // positive and negative numbers are already internally ordered,
+            // and their difference is in the top bit. Swapping it orders
+            // them the desired way.
+            constexpr auto highest_bit =
+                UnsignedType( 1 ) << ( sizeof( UnsignedType ) * CHAR_BIT - 1 );
+            return static_cast<UnsignedType>( in ^ highest_bit );
+        }
+
+
+
+        template <typename OriginalType,
+                  typename UnsignedType>
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<OriginalType>::value, UnsignedType>
+            transposeToNaturalOrder(UnsignedType in) {
+            static_assert(
+                sizeof( OriginalType ) == sizeof( UnsignedType ),
+                "reordering requires the same sized types on both sides" );
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<UnsignedType>::value, "Input type must be unsigned" );
+            // No reordering is needed for unsigned -> unsigned
+            return in;
+        }
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_INTEGER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of uniform distribution on integers.
+ *
+ * Unlike `std::uniform_int_distribution`, this implementation supports
+ * various 1 byte integral types, including bool (but you should not
+ * actually use it for bools).
+ *
+ * The underlying algorithm is based on the one described in "Fast Random
+ * Integer Generation in an Interval" by Daniel Lemire, but has been
+ * optimized under the assumption of reuse of the same distribution object.
+ */
+template <typename IntegerType>
+class uniform_integer_distribution {
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value, "...");
+
+    using UnsignedIntegerType = Detail::SizedUnsignedType_t<sizeof(IntegerType)>;
+
+    // Only the left bound is stored, and we store it converted to its
+    // unsigned image. This avoids having to do the conversions inside
+    // the operator(), at the cost of having to do the conversion in
+    // the a() getter. The right bound is only needed in the b() getter,
+    // so we recompute it there from other stored data.
+    UnsignedIntegerType m_a;
+
+    // How many different values are there in [a, b]. a == b => 1, can be 0 for distribution over all values in the type.
+    UnsignedIntegerType m_ab_distance;
+
+    // We hoisted this out of the main generation function. Technically,
+    // this means that using this distribution will be slower than Lemire's
+    // algorithm if this distribution instance will be used only few times,
+    // but it will be faster if it is used many times. Since Catch2 uses
+    // distributions only to implement random generators, we assume that each
+    // distribution will be reused many times and this is an optimization.
+    UnsignedIntegerType m_rejection_threshold = 0;
+
+    UnsignedIntegerType computeDistance(IntegerType a, IntegerType b) const {
+        // This overflows and returns 0 if a == 0 and b == TYPE_MAX.
+        // We handle that later when generating the number.
+        return transposeTo(b) - transposeTo(a) + 1;
+    }
+
+    static UnsignedIntegerType computeRejectionThreshold(UnsignedIntegerType ab_distance) {
+        // distance == 0 means that we will return all possible values from
+        // the type's range, and that we shouldn't reject anything.
+        if ( ab_distance == 0 ) { return 0; }
+        return ( ~ab_distance + 1 ) % ab_distance;
+    }
+
+    static UnsignedIntegerType transposeTo(IntegerType in) {
+        return Detail::transposeToNaturalOrder<IntegerType>(
+            static_cast<UnsignedIntegerType>( in ) );
+    }
+    static IntegerType transposeBack(UnsignedIntegerType in) {
+        return static_cast<IntegerType>(
+            Detail::transposeToNaturalOrder<IntegerType>(in) );
+    }
+
+public:
+    using result_type = IntegerType;
+
+    uniform_integer_distribution( IntegerType a, IntegerType b ):
+        m_a( transposeTo(a) ),
+        m_ab_distance( computeDistance(a, b) ),
+        m_rejection_threshold( computeRejectionThreshold(m_ab_distance) ) {
+        assert( a <= b );
+    }
+
+    template <typename Generator>
+    result_type operator()( Generator& g ) {
+        // All possible values of result_type are valid.
+        if ( m_ab_distance == 0 ) {
+            return transposeBack( Detail::fillBitsFrom<UnsignedIntegerType>( g ) );
+        }
+
+        auto random_number = Detail::fillBitsFrom<UnsignedIntegerType>( g );
+        auto emul = Detail::extendedMult( random_number, m_ab_distance );
+        // Unlike Lemire's algorithm we skip the ab_distance check, since
+        // we precomputed the rejection threshold, which is always tighter.
+        while (emul.lower < m_rejection_threshold) {
+            random_number = Detail::fillBitsFrom<UnsignedIntegerType>( g );
+            emul = Detail::extendedMult( random_number, m_ab_distance );
+        }
+
+        return transposeBack(m_a + emul.upper);
+    }
+
+    result_type a() const { return transposeBack(m_a); }
+    result_type b() const { return transposeBack(m_ab_distance + m_a - 1); }
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIFORM_INTEGER_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIFORM_FLOATING_POINT_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIFORM_FLOATING_POINT_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_POLYFILLS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_POLYFILLS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool isnan(float f);
+    bool isnan(double d);
+
+    float nextafter(float x, float y);
+    double nextafter(double x, double y);
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_POLYFILLS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        /**
+         * Returns the largest magnitude of 1-ULP distance inside the [a, b] range.
+         *
+         * Assumes `a < b`.
+         */
+        template <typename FloatType>
+        FloatType gamma(FloatType a, FloatType b) {
+            static_assert( std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value,
+                           "gamma returns the largest ULP magnitude within "
+                           "floating point range [a, b]. This only makes sense "
+                           "for floating point types" );
+            assert( a <= b );
+
+            const auto gamma_up = Catch::nextafter( a, std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::infinity() ) - a;
+            const auto gamma_down = b - Catch::nextafter( b, -std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::infinity() );
+
+            return gamma_up < gamma_down ? gamma_down : gamma_up;
+        }
+
+        template <typename FloatingPoint>
+        struct DistanceTypePicker;
+        template <>
+        struct DistanceTypePicker<float> {
+            using type = std::uint32_t;
+        };
+        template <>
+        struct DistanceTypePicker<double> {
+            using type = std::uint64_t;
+        };
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using DistanceType = typename DistanceTypePicker<T>::type;
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        /**
+         * Computes the number of equi-distant floats in [a, b]
+         *
+         * Since not every range can be split into equidistant floats
+         * exactly, we actually compute ceil(b/distance - a/distance),
+         * because in those cases we want to overcount.
+         *
+         * Uses modified Dekker's FastTwoSum algorithm to handle rounding.
+         */
+        template <typename FloatType>
+        DistanceType<FloatType>
+        count_equidistant_floats( FloatType a, FloatType b, FloatType distance ) {
+            assert( a <= b );
+            // We get distance as gamma for our uniform float distribution,
+            // so this will round perfectly.
+            const auto ag = a / distance;
+            const auto bg = b / distance;
+
+            const auto s = bg - ag;
+            const auto err = ( std::fabs( a ) <= std::fabs( b ) )
+                                 ? -ag - ( s - bg )
+                                 : bg - ( s + ag );
+            const auto ceil_s = static_cast<DistanceType<FloatType>>( std::ceil( s ) );
+
+            return ( ceil_s != s ) ? ceil_s : ceil_s + ( err > 0 );
+        }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        // The issue with overflow only happens with maximal ULP and HUGE
+        // distance, e.g. when generating numbers in [-inf, inf] for given
+        // type. So we only check for the largest possible ULP in the
+        // type, and return something that does not overflow to inf in 1 mult.
+        constexpr std::uint64_t calculate_max_steps_in_one_go(double gamma) {
+            if ( gamma == 1.99584030953472e+292 ) { return 9007199254740991; }
+            return static_cast<std::uint64_t>( -1 );
+        }
+        constexpr std::uint32_t calculate_max_steps_in_one_go(float gamma) {
+            if ( gamma == 2.028241e+31f ) { return 16777215; }
+            return static_cast<std::uint32_t>( -1 );
+        }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    }
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of uniform distribution on floating point numbers.
+ *
+ * Note that we support only `float` and `double` types, because these
+ * usually mean the same thing across different platform. `long double`
+ * varies wildly by platform and thus we cannot provide reproducible
+ * implementation. Also note that we don't implement all parts of
+ * distribution per standard: this distribution is not serializable, nor
+ * can the range be arbitrarily reset.
+ *
+ * The implementation also uses different approach than the one taken by
+ * `std::uniform_real_distribution`, where instead of generating a number
+ * between [0, 1) and then multiplying the range bounds with it, we first
+ * split the [a, b] range into a set of equidistributed floating point
+ * numbers, and then use uniform int distribution to pick which one to
+ * return.
+ *
+ * This has the advantage of guaranteeing uniformity (the multiplication
+ * method loses uniformity due to rounding when multiplying floats), except
+ * for small non-uniformity at one side of the interval, where we have
+ * to deal with the fact that not every interval is splittable into
+ * equidistributed floats.
+ *
+ * Based on "Drawing random floating-point numbers from an interval" by
+ * Frederic Goualard.
+ */
+template <typename FloatType>
+class uniform_floating_point_distribution {
+    static_assert(std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value, "...");
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<FloatType, long double>::value,
+                  "We do not support long double due to inconsistent behaviour between platforms");
+
+    using WidthType = Detail::DistanceType<FloatType>;
+
+    FloatType m_a, m_b;
+    FloatType m_ulp_magnitude;
+    WidthType m_floats_in_range;
+    uniform_integer_distribution<WidthType> m_int_dist;
+
+    // In specific cases, we can overflow into `inf` when computing the
+    // `steps * g` offset. To avoid this, we don't offset by more than this
+    // in one multiply + addition.
+    WidthType m_max_steps_in_one_go;
+    // We don't want to do the magnitude check every call to `operator()`
+    bool m_a_has_leq_magnitude;
+
+public:
+    using result_type = FloatType;
+
+    uniform_floating_point_distribution( FloatType a, FloatType b ):
+        m_a( a ),
+        m_b( b ),
+        m_ulp_magnitude( Detail::gamma( m_a, m_b ) ),
+        m_floats_in_range( Detail::count_equidistant_floats( m_a, m_b, m_ulp_magnitude ) ),
+        m_int_dist(0, m_floats_in_range),
+        m_max_steps_in_one_go( Detail::calculate_max_steps_in_one_go(m_ulp_magnitude)),
+        m_a_has_leq_magnitude(std::fabs(m_a) <= std::fabs(m_b))
+    {
+        assert( a <= b );
+    }
+
+    template <typename Generator>
+    result_type operator()( Generator& g ) {
+        WidthType steps = m_int_dist( g );
+        if ( m_a_has_leq_magnitude ) {
+            if ( steps == m_floats_in_range ) { return m_a; }
+            auto b = m_b;
+            while (steps > m_max_steps_in_one_go) {
+                b -= m_max_steps_in_one_go * m_ulp_magnitude;
+                steps -= m_max_steps_in_one_go;
+            }
+            return b - steps * m_ulp_magnitude;
+        } else {
+            if ( steps == m_floats_in_range ) { return m_b; }
+            auto a = m_a;
+            while (steps > m_max_steps_in_one_go) {
+                a += m_max_steps_in_one_go * m_ulp_magnitude;
+                steps -= m_max_steps_in_one_go;
+            }
+            return a + steps * m_ulp_magnitude;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result_type a() const { return m_a; }
+    result_type b() const { return m_b; }
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIFORM_FLOATING_POINT_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Generators {
+namespace Detail {
+    // Returns a suitable seed for a random floating generator based off
+    // the primary internal rng. It does so by taking current value from
+    // the rng and returning it as the seed.
+    std::uint32_t getSeed();
+}
+
+template <typename Float>
+class RandomFloatingGenerator final : public IGenerator<Float> {
+    Catch::SimplePcg32 m_rng;
+    Catch::uniform_floating_point_distribution<Float> m_dist;
+    Float m_current_number;
+public:
+    RandomFloatingGenerator( Float a, Float b, std::uint32_t seed ):
+        m_rng(seed),
+        m_dist(a, b) {
+        static_cast<void>(next());
+    }
+
+    Float const& get() const override {
+        return m_current_number;
+    }
+    bool next() override {
+        m_current_number = m_dist(m_rng);
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+class RandomFloatingGenerator<long double> final : public IGenerator<long double> {
+    // We still rely on <random> for this specialization, but we don't
+    // want to drag it into the header.
+    struct PImpl;
+    Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<PImpl> m_pimpl;
+    long double m_current_number;
+
+public:
+    RandomFloatingGenerator( long double a, long double b, std::uint32_t seed );
+
+    long double const& get() const override { return m_current_number; }
+    bool next() override;
+
+    ~RandomFloatingGenerator() override; // = default
+};
+
+template <typename Integer>
+class RandomIntegerGenerator final : public IGenerator<Integer> {
+    Catch::SimplePcg32 m_rng;
+    Catch::uniform_integer_distribution<Integer> m_dist;
+    Integer m_current_number;
+public:
+    RandomIntegerGenerator( Integer a, Integer b, std::uint32_t seed ):
+        m_rng(seed),
+        m_dist(a, b) {
+        static_cast<void>(next());
+    }
+
+    Integer const& get() const override {
+        return m_current_number;
+    }
+    bool next() override {
+        m_current_number = m_dist(m_rng);
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, GeneratorWrapper<T>>
+random(T a, T b) {
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+        Catch::Detail::make_unique<RandomIntegerGenerator<T>>(a, b, Detail::getSeed())
+    );
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value,
+GeneratorWrapper<T>>
+random(T a, T b) {
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+        Catch::Detail::make_unique<RandomFloatingGenerator<T>>(a, b, Detail::getSeed())
+    );
+}
+
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_RANDOM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_RANGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_RANGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Generators {
+
+
+template <typename T>
+class RangeGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+    T m_current;
+    T m_end;
+    T m_step;
+    bool m_positive;
+
+public:
+    RangeGenerator(T const& start, T const& end, T const& step):
+        m_current(start),
+        m_end(end),
+        m_step(step),
+        m_positive(m_step > T(0))
+    {
+        assert(m_current != m_end && "Range start and end cannot be equal");
+        assert(m_step != T(0) && "Step size cannot be zero");
+        assert(((m_positive && m_current <= m_end) || (!m_positive && m_current >= m_end)) && "Step moves away from end");
+    }
+
+    RangeGenerator(T const& start, T const& end):
+        RangeGenerator(start, end, (start < end) ? T(1) : T(-1))
+    {}
+
+    T const& get() const override {
+        return m_current;
+    }
+
+    bool next() override {
+        m_current += m_step;
+        return (m_positive) ? (m_current < m_end) : (m_current > m_end);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+GeneratorWrapper<T> range(T const& start, T const& end, T const& step) {
+    static_assert(std::is_arithmetic<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, "Type must be numeric");
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<RangeGenerator<T>>(start, end, step));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+GeneratorWrapper<T> range(T const& start, T const& end) {
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, "Type must be an integer");
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<RangeGenerator<T>>(start, end));
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+class IteratorGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
+        "IteratorGenerator currently does not support bools"
+        "because of std::vector<bool> specialization");
+
+    std::vector<T> m_elems;
+    size_t m_current = 0;
+public:
+    template <typename InputIterator, typename InputSentinel>
+    IteratorGenerator(InputIterator first, InputSentinel last):m_elems(first, last) {
+        if (m_elems.empty()) {
+            Detail::throw_generator_exception("IteratorGenerator received no valid values");
+        }
+    }
+
+    T const& get() const override {
+        return m_elems[m_current];
+    }
+
+    bool next() override {
+        ++m_current;
+        return m_current != m_elems.size();
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename InputIterator,
+          typename InputSentinel,
+          typename ResultType = typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::value_type>
+GeneratorWrapper<ResultType> from_range(InputIterator from, InputSentinel to) {
+    return GeneratorWrapper<ResultType>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<IteratorGenerator<ResultType>>(from, to));
+}
+
+template <typename Container>
+auto from_range(Container const& cnt) {
+    using std::begin;
+    using std::end;
+    return from_range( begin( cnt ), end( cnt ) );
+}
+
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_RANGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's interfaces. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to interfaces.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of somewhat increased compilation
+ * times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `interfaces` folder, or to
+ * the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_RUN_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_RUN_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TestRunInfo {
+        constexpr TestRunInfo(StringRef _name) : name(_name) {}
+        StringRef name;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_RUN_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ReporterDescription;
+    struct ListenerDescription;
+    struct TagInfo;
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class IConfig;
+    class IStream;
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t;
+
+    struct ReporterConfig {
+        ReporterConfig( IConfig const* _fullConfig,
+                        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> _stream,
+                        ColourMode colourMode,
+                        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions );
+
+        ReporterConfig( ReporterConfig&& ) = default;
+        ReporterConfig& operator=( ReporterConfig&& ) = default;
+        ~ReporterConfig(); // = default
+
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> takeStream() &&;
+        IConfig const* fullConfig() const;
+        ColourMode colourMode() const;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> const& customOptions() const;
+
+    private:
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> m_stream;
+        IConfig const* m_fullConfig;
+        ColourMode m_colourMode;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m_customOptions;
+    };
+
+    struct AssertionStats {
+        AssertionStats( AssertionResult const& _assertionResult,
+                        std::vector<MessageInfo> const& _infoMessages,
+                        Totals const& _totals );
+
+        AssertionStats( AssertionStats const& )              = default;
+        AssertionStats( AssertionStats && )                  = default;
+        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats const& ) = delete;
+        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats && )     = delete;
+
+        AssertionResult assertionResult;
+        std::vector<MessageInfo> infoMessages;
+        Totals totals;
+    };
+
+    struct SectionStats {
+        SectionStats(   SectionInfo&& _sectionInfo,
+                        Counts const& _assertions,
+                        double _durationInSeconds,
+                        bool _missingAssertions );
+
+        SectionInfo sectionInfo;
+        Counts assertions;
+        double durationInSeconds;
+        bool missingAssertions;
+    };
+
+    struct TestCaseStats {
+        TestCaseStats(  TestCaseInfo const& _testInfo,
+                        Totals const& _totals,
+                        std::string&& _stdOut,
+                        std::string&& _stdErr,
+                        bool _aborting );
+
+        TestCaseInfo const * testInfo;
+        Totals totals;
+        std::string stdOut;
+        std::string stdErr;
+        bool aborting;
+    };
+
+    struct TestRunStats {
+        TestRunStats(   TestRunInfo const& _runInfo,
+                        Totals const& _totals,
+                        bool _aborting );
+
+        TestRunInfo runInfo;
+        Totals totals;
+        bool aborting;
+    };
+
+    //! By setting up its preferences, a reporter can modify Catch2's behaviour
+    //! in some regards, e.g. it can request Catch2 to capture writes to
+    //! stdout/stderr during test execution, and pass them to the reporter.
+    struct ReporterPreferences {
+        //! Catch2 should redirect writes to stdout and pass them to the
+        //! reporter
+        bool shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
+        //! Catch2 should call `Reporter::assertionEnded` even for passing
+        //! assertions
+        bool shouldReportAllAssertions = false;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The common base for all reporters and event listeners
+     *
+     * Implementing classes must also implement:
+     *
+     *     //! User-friendly description of the reporter/listener type
+     *     static std::string getDescription()
+     *
+     * Generally shouldn't be derived from by users of Catch2 directly,
+     * instead they should derive from one of the utility bases that
+     * derive from this class.
+     */
+    class IEventListener {
+    protected:
+        //! Derived classes can set up their preferences here
+        ReporterPreferences m_preferences;
+        //! The test run's config as filled in from CLI and defaults
+        IConfig const* m_config;
+
+    public:
+        IEventListener( IConfig const* config ): m_config( config ) {}
+
+        virtual ~IEventListener(); // = default;
+
+        // Implementing class must also provide the following static methods:
+        // static std::string getDescription();
+
+        ReporterPreferences const& getPreferences() const {
+            return m_preferences;
+        }
+
+        //! Called when no test cases match provided test spec
+        virtual void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) = 0;
+        //! Called for all invalid test specs from the cli
+        virtual void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef invalidArgument ) = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Called once in a testing run before tests are started
+         *
+         * Not called if tests won't be run (e.g. only listing will happen)
+         */
+        virtual void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called _once_ for each TEST_CASE, no matter how many times it is entered
+        virtual void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+        //! Called _every time_ a TEST_CASE is entered, including repeats (due to sections)
+        virtual void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo, uint64_t partNumber ) = 0;
+        //! Called when a `SECTION` is being entered. Not called for skipped sections
+        virtual void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called when user-code is being probed before the actual benchmark runs
+        virtual void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef benchmarkName ) = 0;
+        //! Called after probe but before the user-code is being benchmarked
+        virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) = 0;
+        //! Called with the benchmark results if benchmark successfully finishes
+        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) = 0;
+        //! Called if running the benchmarks fails for any reason
+        virtual void benchmarkFailed( StringRef benchmarkName ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called before assertion success/failure is evaluated
+        virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called after assertion was fully evaluated
+        virtual void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called after a `SECTION` has finished running
+        virtual void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) = 0;
+        //! Called _every time_ a TEST_CASE is entered, including repeats (due to sections)
+        virtual void testCasePartialEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats, uint64_t partNumber ) = 0;
+        //! Called _once_ for each TEST_CASE, no matter how many times it is entered
+        virtual void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) = 0;
+        /**
+         * Called once after all tests in a testing run are finished
+         *
+         * Not called if tests weren't run (e.g. only listings happened)
+         */
+        virtual void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Called with test cases that are skipped due to the test run aborting.
+         * NOT called for test cases that are explicitly skipped using the `SKIP` macro.
+         *
+         * Deprecated - will be removed in the next major release.
+         */
+        virtual void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called if a fatal error (signal/structured exception) occurred
+        virtual void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) = 0;
+
+        //! Writes out information about provided reporters using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) = 0;
+        //! Writes out the provided listeners descriptions using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) = 0;
+        //! Writes out information about provided tests using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) = 0;
+        //! Writes out information about the provided tags using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) = 0;
+    };
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_FACTORY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_FACTORY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ReporterConfig;
+    class IConfig;
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+
+    class IReporterFactory {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IReporterFactory(); // = default
+
+        virtual IEventListenerPtr
+        create( ReporterConfig&& config ) const = 0;
+        virtual std::string getDescription() const = 0;
+    };
+    using IReporterFactoryPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+
+    class EventListenerFactory {
+    public:
+        virtual ~EventListenerFactory(); // = default
+        virtual IEventListenerPtr create( IConfig const* config ) const = 0;
+        //! Return a meaningful name for the listener, e.g. its type name
+        virtual StringRef getName() const = 0;
+        //! Return listener's description if available
+        virtual std::string getDescription() const = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_FACTORY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TagAlias;
+
+    class ITagAliasRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~ITagAliasRegistry(); // = default
+        // Nullptr if not present
+        virtual TagAlias const* find( std::string const& alias ) const = 0;
+        virtual std::string expandAliases( std::string const& unexpandedTestSpec ) const = 0;
+
+        static ITagAliasRegistry const& get();
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_TESTCASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_TESTCASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class IConfig;
+
+    class ITestCaseRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~ITestCaseRegistry(); // = default
+        // TODO: this exists only for adding filenames to test cases -- let's expose this in a saner way later
+        virtual std::vector<TestCaseInfo* > const& getAllInfos() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTests() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_TESTCASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CASE_INSENSITIVE_COMPARISONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CASE_INSENSITIVE_COMPARISONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        //! Provides case-insensitive `op<` semantics when called
+        struct CaseInsensitiveLess {
+            bool operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                             StringRef rhs ) const;
+        };
+
+        //! Provides case-insensitive `op==` semantics when called
+        struct CaseInsensitiveEqualTo {
+            bool operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                             StringRef rhs ) const;
+        };
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CASE_INSENSITIVE_COMPARISONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for ANDROID_LOGWRITE configuration option
+ *
+ * We want to default to enabling it when compiled for android, but
+ * users of the library should also be able to disable it if they want
+ * to.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_ANDROID_LOGWRITE ) &&      \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS configuration option
+ *
+ * For some functionality, Catch2 requires to know whether there is
+ * an active exception. Because `std::uncaught_exception` is deprecated
+ * in C++17, we want to use `std::uncaught_exceptions` if possible.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  if _MSC_VER >= 1900 // Visual Studio 2015 or newer
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) \
+    && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS) \
+    && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS) \
+    && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONSOLE_COLOUR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONSOLE_COLOUR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t;
+    class IStream;
+
+    struct Colour {
+        enum Code {
+            None = 0,
+
+            White,
+            Red,
+            Green,
+            Blue,
+            Cyan,
+            Yellow,
+            Grey,
+
+            Bright = 0x10,
+
+            BrightRed = Bright | Red,
+            BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+            LightGrey = Bright | Grey,
+            BrightWhite = Bright | White,
+            BrightYellow = Bright | Yellow,
+
+            // By intention
+            FileName = LightGrey,
+            Warning = BrightYellow,
+            ResultError = BrightRed,
+            ResultSuccess = BrightGreen,
+            ResultExpectedFailure = Warning,
+
+            Error = BrightRed,
+            Success = Green,
+            Skip = LightGrey,
+
+            OriginalExpression = Cyan,
+            ReconstructedExpression = BrightYellow,
+
+            SecondaryText = LightGrey,
+            Headers = White
+        };
+    };
+
+    class ColourImpl {
+    protected:
+        //! The associated stream of this ColourImpl instance
+        IStream* m_stream;
+    public:
+        ColourImpl( IStream* stream ): m_stream( stream ) {}
+
+        //! RAII wrapper around writing specific colour of text using specific
+        //! colour impl into a stream.
+        class ColourGuard {
+            ColourImpl const* m_colourImpl;
+            Colour::Code m_code;
+            bool m_engaged = false;
+
+        public:
+            //! Does **not** engage the guard/start the colour
+            ColourGuard( Colour::Code code,
+                         ColourImpl const* colour );
+
+            ColourGuard( ColourGuard const& rhs ) = delete;
+            ColourGuard& operator=( ColourGuard const& rhs ) = delete;
+
+            ColourGuard( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept;
+            ColourGuard& operator=( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept;
+
+            //! Removes colour _if_ the guard was engaged
+            ~ColourGuard();
+
+            /**
+             * Explicitly engages colour for given stream.
+             *
+             * The API based on operator<< should be preferred.
+             */
+            ColourGuard& engage( std::ostream& stream ) &;
+            /**
+             * Explicitly engages colour for given stream.
+             *
+             * The API based on operator<< should be preferred.
+             */
+            ColourGuard&& engage( std::ostream& stream ) &&;
+
+        private:
+            //! Engages the guard and starts using colour
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& lhs,
+                                             ColourGuard& guard ) {
+                guard.engageImpl( lhs );
+                return lhs;
+            }
+            //! Engages the guard and starts using colour
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& lhs,
+                                            ColourGuard&& guard) {
+                guard.engageImpl( lhs );
+                return lhs;
+            }
+
+            void engageImpl( std::ostream& stream );
+
+        };
+
+        virtual ~ColourImpl(); // = default
+        /**
+         * Creates a guard object for given colour and this colour impl
+         *
+         * **Important:**
+         * the guard starts disengaged, and has to be engaged explicitly.
+         */
+        ColourGuard guardColour( Colour::Code colourCode );
+
+    private:
+        virtual void use( Colour::Code colourCode ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    //! Provides ColourImpl based on global config and target compilation platform
+    Detail::unique_ptr<ColourImpl> makeColourImpl( ColourMode colourSelection,
+                                                   IStream* stream );
+
+    //! Checks if specific colour impl has been compiled into the binary
+    bool isColourImplAvailable( ColourMode colourSelection );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONSOLE_COLOUR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONSOLE_WIDTH_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONSOLE_WIDTH_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// This include must be kept so that user's configured value for CONSOLE_WIDTH
+// is used before we attempt to provide a default value
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH 80
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONSOLE_WIDTH_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONTAINER_NONMEMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONTAINER_NONMEMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+// We want a simple polyfill over `std::empty`, `std::size` and so on
+// for C++14 or C++ libraries with incomplete support.
+// We also have to handle that MSVC std lib will happily provide these
+// under older standards.
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// We are already using this header either way, so there shouldn't
+// be much additional overhead in including it to get the feature
+// test macros
+#include <string>
+
+#  if !defined(__cpp_lib_nonmember_container_access)
+#      define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS
+#  endif
+
+#else
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+    template <typename Container>
+    constexpr auto empty(Container const& cont) -> decltype(cont.empty()) {
+        return cont.empty();
+    }
+    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+    constexpr bool empty(const T (&)[N]) noexcept {
+        // GCC < 7 does not support the const T(&)[] parameter syntax
+        // so we have to ignore the length explicitly
+        (void)N;
+        return false;
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    constexpr bool empty(std::initializer_list<T> list) noexcept {
+        return list.size() > 0;
+    }
+
+
+    template <typename Container>
+    constexpr auto size(Container const& cont) -> decltype(cont.size()) {
+        return cont.size();
+    }
+    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+    constexpr std::size_t size(const T(&)[N]) noexcept {
+        return N;
+    }
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONTAINER_NONMEMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_DEBUG_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_DEBUG_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text );
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_DEBUG_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    bool isDebuggerActive();
+}
+
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+
+    #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("int $3\n" : : ) /* NOLINT */
+    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__(".inst 0xd43e0000")
+    #elif defined(__POWERPC__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("li r0, 20\nsc\nnop\nli r0, 37\nli r4, 2\nsc\nnop\n" \
+        : : : "memory","r0","r3","r4" ) /* NOLINT */
+    #endif
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+
+    // use inline assembler
+    #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__("int $3")
+    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xd4200000")
+    #elif defined(__arm__) && !defined(__thumb__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xe7f001f0")
+    #elif defined(__arm__) &&  defined(__thumb__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xde01")
+    #endif
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    // If we can use inline assembler, do it because this allows us to break
+    // directly at the location of the failing check instead of breaking inside
+    // raise() called from it, i.e. one stack frame below.
+    #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64))
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() asm volatile ("int $3") /* NOLINT */
+    #else // Fall back to the generic way.
+        #include <signal.h>
+
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() raise(SIGTRAP)
+    #endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define CATCH_TRAP() __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+    #define CATCH_TRAP() DebugBreak()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+    #ifdef CATCH_TRAP
+        #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() []{ if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { CATCH_TRAP(); } }()
+    #else
+        #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() []{}()
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ENFORCE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ENFORCE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    template <typename Ex>
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
+        throw e;
+    }
+#else // ^^ Exceptions are enabled //  Exceptions are disabled vv
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_exception(std::exception const& e);
+#endif
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_logic_error(std::string const& msg);
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_domain_error(std::string const& msg);
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_runtime_error(std::string const& msg);
+
+} // namespace Catch;
+
+#define CATCH_MAKE_MSG(...) \
+    (Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__).str()
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR(...) \
+    Catch::throw_logic_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO << ": Internal Catch2 error: " << __VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define CATCH_ERROR(...) \
+    Catch::throw_domain_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( __VA_ARGS__ ))
+
+#define CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR(...) \
+    Catch::throw_runtime_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( __VA_ARGS__ ))
+
+#define CATCH_ENFORCE( condition, ... ) \
+    do{ if( !(condition) ) CATCH_ERROR( __VA_ARGS__ ); } while(false)
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_ENFORCE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> makeEnumInfo( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values );
+
+        class EnumValuesRegistry : public IMutableEnumValuesRegistry {
+
+            std::vector<Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<EnumInfo>> m_enumInfos;
+
+            EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values) override;
+        };
+
+        std::vector<StringRef> parseEnums( StringRef enums );
+
+    } // Detail
+
+} // Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ERRNO_GUARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ERRNO_GUARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    //! Simple RAII class that stores the value of `errno`
+    //! at construction and restores it at destruction.
+    class ErrnoGuard {
+    public:
+        // Keep these outlined to avoid dragging in macros from <cerrno>
+
+        ErrnoGuard();
+        ~ErrnoGuard();
+    private:
+        int m_oldErrno;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_ERRNO_GUARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ExceptionTranslatorRegistry : public IExceptionTranslatorRegistry {
+    public:
+        ~ExceptionTranslatorRegistry() override;
+        void registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator );
+        std::string translateActiveException() const override;
+
+    private:
+        ExceptionTranslators m_translators;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for platform-specific fatal error (signals/SEH) handlers
+     *
+     * Tries to be cooperative with other handlers, and not step over
+     * other handlers. This means that unknown structured exceptions
+     * are passed on, previous signal handlers are called, and so on.
+     *
+     * Can only be instantiated once, and assumes that once a signal
+     * is caught, the binary will end up terminating. Thus, there
+     */
+    class FatalConditionHandler {
+        bool m_started = false;
+
+        // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
+        // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
+        // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
+        void engage_platform();
+        void disengage_platform() noexcept;
+    public:
+        // Should also have platform-specific implementations as needed
+        FatalConditionHandler();
+        ~FatalConditionHandler();
+
+        void engage() {
+            assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
+            m_started = true;
+            engage_platform();
+        }
+
+        void disengage() noexcept {
+            assert(m_started && "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
+            m_started = false;
+            disengage_platform();
+        }
+    };
+
+    //! Simple RAII guard for (dis)engaging the FatalConditionHandler
+    class FatalConditionHandlerGuard {
+        FatalConditionHandler* m_handler;
+    public:
+        FatalConditionHandlerGuard(FatalConditionHandler* handler):
+            m_handler(handler) {
+            m_handler->engage();
+        }
+        ~FatalConditionHandlerGuard() {
+            m_handler->disengage();
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        uint32_t convertToBits(float f);
+        uint64_t convertToBits(double d);
+
+        // Used when we know we want == comparison of two doubles
+        // to centralize warning suppression
+        bool directCompare( float lhs, float rhs );
+        bool directCompare( double lhs, double rhs );
+
+    } // end namespace Detail
+
+
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+    // We do a bunch of direct compensations of floating point numbers,
+    // because we know what we are doing and actually do want the direct
+    // comparison behaviour.
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the ULP distance between two floating point numbers
+     *
+     * The ULP distance of two floating point numbers is the count of
+     * valid floating point numbers representable between them.
+     *
+     * There are some exceptions between how this function counts the
+     * distance, and the interpretation of the standard as implemented.
+     * by e.g. `nextafter`. For this function it always holds that:
+     * * `(x == y) => ulpDistance(x, y) == 0` (so `ulpDistance(-0, 0) == 0`)
+     * * `ulpDistance(maxFinite, INF) == 1`
+     * * `ulpDistance(x, -x) == 2 * ulpDistance(x, 0)`
+     *
+     * \pre `!isnan( lhs )`
+     * \pre `!isnan( rhs )`
+     * \pre floating point numbers are represented in IEEE-754 format
+     */
+    template <typename FP>
+    uint64_t ulpDistance( FP lhs, FP rhs ) {
+        assert( std::numeric_limits<FP>::is_iec559 &&
+            "ulpDistance assumes IEEE-754 format for floating point types" );
+        assert( !Catch::isnan( lhs ) &&
+                "Distance between NaN and number is not meaningful" );
+        assert( !Catch::isnan( rhs ) &&
+                "Distance between NaN and number is not meaningful" );
+
+        // We want X == Y to imply 0 ULP distance even if X and Y aren't
+        // bit-equal (-0 and 0), or X - Y != 0 (same sign infinities).
+        if ( lhs == rhs ) { return 0; }
+
+        // We need a properly typed positive zero for type inference.
+        static constexpr FP positive_zero{};
+
+        // We want to ensure that +/- 0 is always represented as positive zero
+        if ( lhs == positive_zero ) { lhs = positive_zero; }
+        if ( rhs == positive_zero ) { rhs = positive_zero; }
+
+        // If arguments have different signs, we can handle them by summing
+        // how far are they from 0 each.
+        if ( std::signbit( lhs ) != std::signbit( rhs ) ) {
+            return ulpDistance( std::abs( lhs ), positive_zero ) +
+                   ulpDistance( std::abs( rhs ), positive_zero );
+        }
+
+        // When both lhs and rhs are of the same sign, we can just
+        // read the numbers bitwise as integers, and then subtract them
+        // (assuming IEEE).
+        uint64_t lc = Detail::convertToBits( lhs );
+        uint64_t rc = Detail::convertToBits( rhs );
+
+        // The ulp distance between two numbers is symmetric, so to avoid
+        // dealing with overflows we want the bigger converted number on the lhs
+        if ( lc < rc ) {
+            std::swap( lc, rc );
+        }
+
+        return lc - rc;
+    }
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GETENV_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GETENV_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+
+    //! Wrapper over `std::getenv` that compiles on UWP (and always returns nullptr there)
+    char const* getEnv(char const* varName);
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_GETENV_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_IS_PERMUTATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_IS_PERMUTATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter,
+                  typename Sentinel,
+                  typename T,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        ForwardIter find_sentinel( ForwardIter start,
+                                   Sentinel sentinel,
+                                   T const& value,
+                                   Comparator cmp ) {
+            while ( start != sentinel ) {
+                if ( cmp( *start, value ) ) { break; }
+                ++start;
+            }
+            return start;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter,
+                  typename Sentinel,
+                  typename T,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        std::ptrdiff_t count_sentinel( ForwardIter start,
+                                       Sentinel sentinel,
+                                       T const& value,
+                                       Comparator cmp ) {
+            std::ptrdiff_t count = 0;
+            while ( start != sentinel ) {
+                if ( cmp( *start, value ) ) { ++count; }
+                ++start;
+            }
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter, typename Sentinel>
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<ForwardIter, Sentinel>::value,
+                         std::ptrdiff_t>
+        sentinel_distance( ForwardIter iter, const Sentinel sentinel ) {
+            std::ptrdiff_t dist = 0;
+            while ( iter != sentinel ) {
+                ++iter;
+                ++dist;
+            }
+            return dist;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter>
+        std::ptrdiff_t sentinel_distance( ForwardIter first,
+                                          ForwardIter last ) {
+            return std::distance( first, last );
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter1,
+                  typename Sentinel1,
+                  typename ForwardIter2,
+                  typename Sentinel2,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        bool check_element_counts( ForwardIter1 first_1,
+                                   const Sentinel1 end_1,
+                                   ForwardIter2 first_2,
+                                   const Sentinel2 end_2,
+                                   Comparator cmp ) {
+            auto cursor = first_1;
+            while ( cursor != end_1 ) {
+                if ( find_sentinel( first_1, cursor, *cursor, cmp ) ==
+                     cursor ) {
+                    // we haven't checked this element yet
+                    const auto count_in_range_2 =
+                        count_sentinel( first_2, end_2, *cursor, cmp );
+                    // Not a single instance in 2nd range, so it cannot be a
+                    // permutation of 1st range
+                    if ( count_in_range_2 == 0 ) { return false; }
+
+                    const auto count_in_range_1 =
+                        count_sentinel( cursor, end_1, *cursor, cmp );
+                    if ( count_in_range_1 != count_in_range_2 ) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ++cursor;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter1,
+                  typename Sentinel1,
+                  typename ForwardIter2,
+                  typename Sentinel2,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        bool is_permutation( ForwardIter1 first_1,
+                             const Sentinel1 end_1,
+                             ForwardIter2 first_2,
+                             const Sentinel2 end_2,
+                             Comparator cmp ) {
+            // TODO: no optimization for stronger iterators, because we would also have to constrain on sentinel vs not sentinel types
+            // TODO: Comparator has to be "both sides", e.g. a == b => b == a
+            // This skips shared prefix of the two ranges
+            while (first_1 != end_1 && first_2 != end_2 && cmp(*first_1, *first_2)) {
+                ++first_1;
+                ++first_2;
+            }
+
+            // We need to handle case where at least one of the ranges has no more elements
+            if (first_1 == end_1 || first_2 == end_2) {
+                return first_1 == end_1 && first_2 == end_2;
+            }
+
+            // pair counting is n**2, so we pay linear walk to compare the sizes first
+            auto dist_1 = sentinel_distance( first_1, end_1 );
+            auto dist_2 = sentinel_distance( first_2, end_2 );
+
+            if (dist_1 != dist_2) { return false; }
+
+            // Since we do not try to handle stronger iterators pair (e.g.
+            // bidir) optimally, the only thing left to do is to check counts in
+            // the remaining ranges.
+            return check_element_counts( first_1, end_1, first_2, end_2, cmp );
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_IS_PERMUTATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ISTREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ISTREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IStream {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IStream(); // = default
+        virtual std::ostream& stream() = 0;
+        /**
+         * Best guess on whether the instance is writing to a console (e.g. via stdout/stderr)
+         *
+         * This is useful for e.g. Win32 colour support, because the Win32
+         * API manipulates console directly, unlike POSIX escape codes,
+         * that can be written anywhere.
+         *
+         * Due to variety of ways to change where the stdout/stderr is
+         * _actually_ being written, users should always assume that
+         * the answer might be wrong.
+         */
+        virtual bool isConsole() const { return false; }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a stream wrapper that writes to specific file.
+     *
+     * Also recognizes 4 special filenames
+     * * `-` for stdout
+     * * `%stdout` for stdout
+     * * `%stderr` for stderr
+     * * `%debug` for platform specific debugging output
+     *
+     * \throws if passed an unrecognized %-prefixed stream
+     */
+    auto makeStream( std::string const& filename ) -> Detail::unique_ptr<IStream>;
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_JSONWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_JSONWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class JsonObjectWriter;
+    class JsonArrayWriter;
+
+    struct JsonUtils {
+        static void indent( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t level );
+        static void appendCommaNewline( std::ostream& os,
+                                        bool& should_comma,
+                                        std::uint64_t level );
+    };
+
+    class JsonValueWriter {
+    public:
+        JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t indent_level );
+
+        JsonObjectWriter writeObject() &&;
+        JsonArrayWriter writeArray() &&;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        void write( T const& value ) && {
+            writeImpl( value, !std::is_arithmetic<T>::value );
+        }
+        void write( StringRef value ) &&;
+        void write( bool value ) &&;
+
+    private:
+        void writeImpl( StringRef value, bool quote );
+
+        // Without this SFINAE, this overload is a better match
+        // for `std::string`, `char const*`, `char const[N]` args.
+        // While it would still work, it would cause code bloat
+        // and multiple iteration over the strings
+        template <typename T,
+                  typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                      !std::is_convertible<T, StringRef>::value>>
+        void writeImpl( T const& value, bool quote_value ) {
+            m_sstream << value;
+            writeImpl( m_sstream.str(), quote_value );
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+        std::stringstream m_sstream;
+        std::uint64_t m_indent_level;
+    };
+
+    class JsonObjectWriter {
+    public:
+        JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t indent_level );
+
+        JsonObjectWriter( JsonObjectWriter&& source ) noexcept;
+        JsonObjectWriter& operator=( JsonObjectWriter&& source ) = delete;
+
+        ~JsonObjectWriter();
+
+        JsonValueWriter write( StringRef key );
+
+    private:
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+        std::uint64_t m_indent_level;
+        bool m_should_comma = false;
+        bool m_active = true;
+    };
+
+    class JsonArrayWriter {
+    public:
+        JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t indent_level );
+
+        JsonArrayWriter( JsonArrayWriter&& source ) noexcept;
+        JsonArrayWriter& operator=( JsonArrayWriter&& source ) = delete;
+
+        ~JsonArrayWriter();
+
+        JsonObjectWriter writeObject();
+        JsonArrayWriter writeArray();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        JsonArrayWriter& write( T const& value ) {
+            return writeImpl( value );
+        }
+
+        JsonArrayWriter& write( bool value );
+
+    private:
+        template <typename T>
+        JsonArrayWriter& writeImpl( T const& value ) {
+            JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+                m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+            JsonValueWriter{ m_os }.write( value );
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+        std::uint64_t m_indent_level;
+        bool m_should_comma = false;
+        bool m_active = true;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_JSONWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LEAK_DETECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LEAK_DETECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct LeakDetector {
+        LeakDetector();
+        ~LeakDetector();
+    };
+
+}
+#endif // CATCH_LEAK_DETECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IEventListener;
+    class Config;
+
+
+    struct ReporterDescription {
+        std::string name, description;
+    };
+    struct ListenerDescription {
+        StringRef name;
+        std::string description;
+    };
+
+    struct TagInfo {
+        void add(StringRef spelling);
+        std::string all() const;
+
+        std::set<StringRef> spellings;
+        std::size_t count = 0;
+    };
+
+    bool list( IEventListener& reporter, Config const& config );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class RedirectedStream {
+        std::ostream& m_originalStream;
+        std::ostream& m_redirectionStream;
+        std::streambuf* m_prevBuf;
+
+    public:
+        RedirectedStream( std::ostream& originalStream, std::ostream& redirectionStream );
+        ~RedirectedStream();
+    };
+
+    class RedirectedStdOut {
+        ReusableStringStream m_rss;
+        RedirectedStream m_cout;
+    public:
+        RedirectedStdOut();
+        auto str() const -> std::string;
+    };
+
+    // StdErr has two constituent streams in C++, std::cerr and std::clog
+    // This means that we need to redirect 2 streams into 1 to keep proper
+    // order of writes
+    class RedirectedStdErr {
+        ReusableStringStream m_rss;
+        RedirectedStream m_cerr;
+        RedirectedStream m_clog;
+    public:
+        RedirectedStdErr();
+        auto str() const -> std::string;
+    };
+
+    class RedirectedStreams {
+    public:
+        RedirectedStreams(RedirectedStreams const&) = delete;
+        RedirectedStreams& operator=(RedirectedStreams const&) = delete;
+        RedirectedStreams(RedirectedStreams&&) = delete;
+        RedirectedStreams& operator=(RedirectedStreams&&) = delete;
+
+        RedirectedStreams(std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr);
+        ~RedirectedStreams();
+    private:
+        std::string& m_redirectedCout;
+        std::string& m_redirectedCerr;
+        RedirectedStdOut m_redirectedStdOut;
+        RedirectedStdErr m_redirectedStdErr;
+    };
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
+
+    // Windows's implementation of std::tmpfile is terrible (it tries
+    // to create a file inside system folder, thus requiring elevated
+    // privileges for the binary), so we have to use tmpnam(_s) and
+    // create the file ourselves there.
+    class TempFile {
+    public:
+        TempFile(TempFile const&) = delete;
+        TempFile& operator=(TempFile const&) = delete;
+        TempFile(TempFile&&) = delete;
+        TempFile& operator=(TempFile&&) = delete;
+
+        TempFile();
+        ~TempFile();
+
+        std::FILE* getFile();
+        std::string getContents();
+
+    private:
+        std::FILE* m_file = nullptr;
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+        char m_buffer[L_tmpnam] = { 0 };
+    #endif
+    };
+
+
+    class OutputRedirect {
+    public:
+        OutputRedirect(OutputRedirect const&) = delete;
+        OutputRedirect& operator=(OutputRedirect const&) = delete;
+        OutputRedirect(OutputRedirect&&) = delete;
+        OutputRedirect& operator=(OutputRedirect&&) = delete;
+
+
+        OutputRedirect(std::string& stdout_dest, std::string& stderr_dest);
+        ~OutputRedirect();
+
+    private:
+        int m_originalStdout = -1;
+        int m_originalStderr = -1;
+        TempFile m_stdoutFile;
+        TempFile m_stderrFile;
+        std::string& m_stdoutDest;
+        std::string& m_stderrDest;
+    };
+
+#endif
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PARSE_NUMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PARSE_NUMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * Parses unsigned int from the input, using provided base
+     *
+     * Effectively a wrapper around std::stoul but with better error checking
+     * e.g. "-1" is rejected, instead of being parsed as UINT_MAX.
+     */
+    Optional<unsigned int> parseUInt(std::string const& input, int base = 10);
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_PARSE_NUMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+    class IReporterFactory;
+    using IReporterFactoryPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+    struct ReporterConfig;
+    class EventListenerFactory;
+
+    class ReporterRegistry {
+        struct ReporterRegistryImpl;
+        Detail::unique_ptr<ReporterRegistryImpl> m_impl;
+
+    public:
+        ReporterRegistry();
+        ~ReporterRegistry(); // = default;
+
+        IEventListenerPtr create( std::string const& name,
+                                  ReporterConfig&& config ) const;
+
+        void registerReporter( std::string const& name,
+                               IReporterFactoryPtr factory );
+
+        void
+        registerListener( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory );
+
+        std::map<std::string,
+                 IReporterFactoryPtr,
+                 Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess> const&
+        getFactories() const;
+
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory>> const&
+        getListeners() const;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RUN_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RUN_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_TRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_TRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace TestCaseTracking {
+
+    struct NameAndLocation {
+        std::string name;
+        SourceLineInfo location;
+
+        NameAndLocation( std::string&& _name, SourceLineInfo const& _location );
+        friend bool operator==(NameAndLocation const& lhs, NameAndLocation const& rhs) {
+            // This is a very cheap check that should have a very high hit rate.
+            // If we get to SourceLineInfo::operator==, we will redo it, but the
+            // cost of repeating is trivial at that point (we will be paying
+            // multiple strcmp/memcmps at that point).
+            if ( lhs.location.line != rhs.location.line ) { return false; }
+            return lhs.name == rhs.name && lhs.location == rhs.location;
+        }
+        friend bool operator!=(NameAndLocation const& lhs,
+                               NameAndLocation const& rhs) {
+            return !( lhs == rhs );
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * This is a variant of `NameAndLocation` that does not own the name string
+     *
+     * This avoids extra allocations when trying to locate a tracker by its
+     * name and location, as long as we make sure that trackers only keep
+     * around the owning variant.
+     */
+    struct NameAndLocationRef {
+        StringRef name;
+        SourceLineInfo location;
+
+        constexpr NameAndLocationRef( StringRef name_,
+                                      SourceLineInfo location_ ):
+            name( name_ ), location( location_ ) {}
+
+        friend bool operator==( NameAndLocation const& lhs,
+                                NameAndLocationRef const& rhs ) {
+            // This is a very cheap check that should have a very high hit rate.
+            // If we get to SourceLineInfo::operator==, we will redo it, but the
+            // cost of repeating is trivial at that point (we will be paying
+            // multiple strcmp/memcmps at that point).
+            if ( lhs.location.line != rhs.location.line ) { return false; }
+            return StringRef( lhs.name ) == rhs.name &&
+                   lhs.location == rhs.location;
+        }
+        friend bool operator==( NameAndLocationRef const& lhs,
+                                NameAndLocation const& rhs ) {
+            return rhs == lhs;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class ITracker;
+
+    using ITrackerPtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<ITracker>;
+
+    class ITracker {
+        NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
+
+        using Children = std::vector<ITrackerPtr>;
+
+    protected:
+        enum CycleState {
+            NotStarted,
+            Executing,
+            ExecutingChildren,
+            NeedsAnotherRun,
+            CompletedSuccessfully,
+            Failed
+        };
+
+        ITracker* m_parent = nullptr;
+        Children m_children;
+        CycleState m_runState = NotStarted;
+
+    public:
+        ITracker( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLoc, ITracker* parent ):
+            m_nameAndLocation( CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLoc) ),
+            m_parent( parent )
+        {}
+
+
+        // static queries
+        NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const {
+            return m_nameAndLocation;
+        }
+        ITracker* parent() const {
+            return m_parent;
+        }
+
+        virtual ~ITracker(); // = default
+
+
+        // dynamic queries
+
+        //! Returns true if tracker run to completion (successfully or not)
+        virtual bool isComplete() const = 0;
+        //! Returns true if tracker run to completion successfully
+        bool isSuccessfullyCompleted() const {
+            return m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully;
+        }
+        //! Returns true if tracker has started but hasn't been completed
+        bool isOpen() const;
+        //! Returns true iff tracker has started
+        bool hasStarted() const;
+
+        // actions
+        virtual void close() = 0; // Successfully complete
+        virtual void fail() = 0;
+        void markAsNeedingAnotherRun();
+
+        //! Register a nested ITracker
+        void addChild( ITrackerPtr&& child );
+        /**
+         * Returns ptr to specific child if register with this tracker.
+         *
+         * Returns nullptr if not found.
+         */
+        ITracker* findChild( NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation );
+        //! Have any children been added?
+        bool hasChildren() const {
+            return !m_children.empty();
+        }
+
+
+        //! Marks tracker as executing a child, doing se recursively up the tree
+        void openChild();
+
+        /**
+         * Returns true if the instance is a section tracker
+         *
+         * Subclasses should override to true if they are, replaces RTTI
+         * for internal debug checks.
+         */
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const;
+        /**
+         * Returns true if the instance is a generator tracker
+         *
+         * Subclasses should override to true if they are, replaces RTTI
+         * for internal debug checks.
+         */
+        virtual bool isGeneratorTracker() const;
+    };
+
+    class TrackerContext {
+
+        enum RunState {
+            NotStarted,
+            Executing,
+            CompletedCycle
+        };
+
+        ITrackerPtr m_rootTracker;
+        ITracker* m_currentTracker = nullptr;
+        RunState m_runState = NotStarted;
+
+    public:
+
+        ITracker& startRun();
+
+        void startCycle() {
+            m_currentTracker = m_rootTracker.get();
+            m_runState = Executing;
+        }
+        void completeCycle();
+
+        bool completedCycle() const;
+        ITracker& currentTracker() { return *m_currentTracker; }
+        void setCurrentTracker( ITracker* tracker );
+    };
+
+    class TrackerBase : public ITracker {
+    protected:
+
+        TrackerContext& m_ctx;
+
+    public:
+        TrackerBase( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent );
+
+        bool isComplete() const override;
+
+        void open();
+
+        void close() override;
+        void fail() override;
+
+    private:
+        void moveToParent();
+        void moveToThis();
+    };
+
+    class SectionTracker : public TrackerBase {
+        std::vector<StringRef> m_filters;
+        // Note that lifetime-wise we piggy back off the name stored in the `ITracker` parent`.
+        // Currently it allocates owns the name, so this is safe. If it is later refactored
+        // to not own the name, the name still has to outlive the `ITracker` parent, so
+        // this should still be safe.
+        StringRef m_trimmed_name;
+    public:
+        SectionTracker( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent );
+
+        bool isSectionTracker() const override;
+
+        bool isComplete() const override;
+
+        static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation );
+
+        void tryOpen();
+
+        void addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters );
+        void addNextFilters( std::vector<StringRef> const& filters );
+        //! Returns filters active in this tracker
+        std::vector<StringRef> const& getFilters() const { return m_filters; }
+        //! Returns whitespace-trimmed name of the tracked section
+        StringRef trimmedName() const;
+    };
+
+} // namespace TestCaseTracking
+
+using TestCaseTracking::ITracker;
+using TestCaseTracking::TrackerContext;
+using TestCaseTracking::SectionTracker;
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_CASE_TRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IGeneratorTracker;
+    class IConfig;
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    class RunContext final : public IResultCapture {
+
+    public:
+        RunContext( RunContext const& ) = delete;
+        RunContext& operator =( RunContext const& ) = delete;
+
+        explicit RunContext( IConfig const* _config, IEventListenerPtr&& reporter );
+
+        ~RunContext() override;
+
+        Totals runTest(TestCaseHandle const& testCase);
+
+    public: // IResultCapture
+
+        // Assertion handlers
+        void handleExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ITransientExpression const& expr,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleMessage
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    StringRef message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleUnexpectedInflightException
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    std::string&& message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleIncomplete
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info ) override;
+        void handleNonExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    AssertionReaction &reaction ) override;
+
+        void notifyAssertionStarted( AssertionInfo const& info ) override;
+        bool sectionStarted( StringRef sectionName,
+                             SourceLineInfo const& sectionLineInfo,
+                             Counts& assertions ) override;
+
+        void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) override;
+        void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) override;
+
+        IGeneratorTracker*
+        acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) override;
+        IGeneratorTracker* createGeneratorTracker(
+            StringRef generatorName,
+            SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+            Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) override;
+
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) override;
+        void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) override;
+
+        void emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ) override;
+
+        std::string getCurrentTestName() const override;
+
+        const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const override;
+
+        void exceptionEarlyReported() override;
+
+        void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) override;
+
+        bool lastAssertionPassed() override;
+
+        void assertionPassed() override;
+
+    public:
+        // !TBD We need to do this another way!
+        bool aborting() const;
+
+    private:
+
+        void runCurrentTest( std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr );
+        void invokeActiveTestCase();
+
+        void resetAssertionInfo();
+        bool testForMissingAssertions( Counts& assertions );
+
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionResult&& result );
+        void reportExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    ITransientExpression const *expr,
+                    bool negated );
+
+        void populateReaction( AssertionReaction& reaction );
+
+    private:
+
+        void handleUnfinishedSections();
+
+        TestRunInfo m_runInfo;
+        TestCaseHandle const* m_activeTestCase = nullptr;
+        ITracker* m_testCaseTracker = nullptr;
+        Optional<AssertionResult> m_lastResult;
+
+        IConfig const* m_config;
+        Totals m_totals;
+        IEventListenerPtr m_reporter;
+        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
+        std::vector<ScopedMessage> m_messageScopes; /* Keeps owners of so-called unscoped messages. */
+        AssertionInfo m_lastAssertionInfo;
+        std::vector<SectionEndInfo> m_unfinishedSections;
+        std::vector<ITracker*> m_activeSections;
+        TrackerContext m_trackerContext;
+        FatalConditionHandler m_fatalConditionhandler;
+        bool m_lastAssertionPassed = false;
+        bool m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
+        bool m_includeSuccessfulResults;
+    };
+
+    void seedRng(IConfig const& config);
+    unsigned int rngSeed();
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RUN_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SHARDING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SHARDING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    template<typename Container>
+    Container createShard(Container const& container, std::size_t const shardCount, std::size_t const shardIndex) {
+        assert(shardCount > shardIndex);
+
+        if (shardCount == 1) {
+            return container;
+        }
+
+        const std::size_t totalTestCount = container.size();
+
+        const std::size_t shardSize = totalTestCount / shardCount;
+        const std::size_t leftoverTests = totalTestCount % shardCount;
+
+        const std::size_t startIndex = shardIndex * shardSize + (std::min)(shardIndex, leftoverTests);
+        const std::size_t endIndex = (shardIndex + 1) * shardSize + (std::min)(shardIndex + 1, leftoverTests);
+
+        auto startIterator = std::next(container.begin(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(startIndex));
+        auto endIterator = std::next(container.begin(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(endIndex));
+
+        return Container(startIterator, endIterator);
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_SHARDING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SINGLETONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SINGLETONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ISingleton {
+        virtual ~ISingleton(); // = default
+    };
+
+
+    void addSingleton( ISingleton* singleton );
+    void cleanupSingletons();
+
+
+    template<typename SingletonImplT, typename InterfaceT = SingletonImplT, typename MutableInterfaceT = InterfaceT>
+    class Singleton : SingletonImplT, public ISingleton {
+
+        static auto getInternal() -> Singleton* {
+            static Singleton* s_instance = nullptr;
+            if( !s_instance ) {
+                s_instance = new Singleton;
+                addSingleton( s_instance );
+            }
+            return s_instance;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        static auto get() -> InterfaceT const& {
+            return *getInternal();
+        }
+        static auto getMutable() -> MutableInterfaceT& {
+            return *getInternal();
+        }
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SINGLETONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STARTUP_EXCEPTION_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STARTUP_EXCEPTION_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class StartupExceptionRegistry {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    public:
+        void add(std::exception_ptr const& exception) noexcept;
+        std::vector<std::exception_ptr> const& getExceptions() const noexcept;
+    private:
+        std::vector<std::exception_ptr> m_exceptions;
+#endif
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_STARTUP_EXCEPTION_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STDSTREAMS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STDSTREAMS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    std::ostream& cout();
+    std::ostream& cerr();
+    std::ostream& clog();
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STRING_MANIP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STRING_MANIP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix );
+    bool startsWith( StringRef s, char prefix );
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& suffix );
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, char suffix );
+    bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix );
+    void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s );
+    std::string toLower( std::string const& s );
+    char toLower( char c );
+    //! Returns a new string without whitespace at the start/end
+    std::string trim( std::string const& str );
+    //! Returns a substring of the original ref without whitespace. Beware lifetimes!
+    StringRef trim(StringRef ref);
+
+    // !!! Be aware, returns refs into original string - make sure original string outlives them
+    std::vector<StringRef> splitStringRef( StringRef str, char delimiter );
+    bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis );
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for streaming a "count [maybe-plural-of-label]" human-friendly string
+     *
+     * Usage example:
+     * ```cpp
+     * std::cout << "Found " << pluralise(count, "error") << '\n';
+     * ```
+     *
+     * **Important:** The provided string must outlive the instance
+     */
+    class pluralise {
+        std::uint64_t m_count;
+        StringRef m_label;
+
+    public:
+        constexpr pluralise(std::uint64_t count, StringRef label):
+            m_count(count),
+            m_label(label)
+        {}
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, pluralise const& pluraliser );
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_STRING_MANIP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+
+    class TagAliasRegistry : public ITagAliasRegistry {
+    public:
+        ~TagAliasRegistry() override;
+        TagAlias const* find( std::string const& alias ) const override;
+        std::string expandAliases( std::string const& unexpandedTestSpec ) const override;
+        void add( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+
+    private:
+        std::map<std::string, TagAlias> m_registry;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HASHER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HASHER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+
+    class TestCaseInfoHasher {
+    public:
+        using hash_t = std::uint64_t;
+        TestCaseInfoHasher( hash_t seed );
+        uint32_t operator()( TestCaseInfo const& t ) const;
+
+    private:
+        hash_t m_seed;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif /* CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HASHER_HPP_INCLUDED */
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_REGISTRY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_REGISTRY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IConfig;
+    class ITestInvoker;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class TestSpec;
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& unsortedTestCases );
+
+    bool isThrowSafe( TestCaseHandle const& testCase, IConfig const& config );
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> filterTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config );
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestCasesSorted( IConfig const& config );
+
+    class TestRegistry : public ITestCaseRegistry {
+    public:
+        void registerTest( Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo> testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> testInvoker );
+
+        std::vector<TestCaseInfo*> const& getAllInfos() const override;
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTests() const override;
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const override;
+
+        ~TestRegistry() override; // = default
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>> m_owned_test_infos;
+        // Keeps a materialized vector for `getAllInfos`.
+        // We should get rid of that eventually (see interface note)
+        std::vector<TestCaseInfo*> m_viewed_test_infos;
+
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker>> m_invokers;
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> m_handles;
+        mutable TestRunOrder m_currentSortOrder = TestRunOrder::Declared;
+        mutable std::vector<TestCaseHandle> m_sortedFunctions;
+    };
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_CASE_REGISTRY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ITagAliasRegistry;
+
+    class TestSpecParser {
+        enum Mode{ None, Name, QuotedName, Tag, EscapedName };
+        Mode m_mode = None;
+        Mode lastMode = None;
+        bool m_exclusion = false;
+        std::size_t m_pos = 0;
+        std::size_t m_realPatternPos = 0;
+        std::string m_arg;
+        std::string m_substring;
+        std::string m_patternName;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_escapeChars;
+        TestSpec::Filter m_currentFilter;
+        TestSpec m_testSpec;
+        ITagAliasRegistry const* m_tagAliases = nullptr;
+
+    public:
+        TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry const& tagAliases );
+
+        TestSpecParser& parse( std::string const& arg );
+        TestSpec testSpec();
+
+    private:
+        bool visitChar( char c );
+        void startNewMode( Mode mode );
+        bool processNoneChar( char c );
+        void processNameChar( char c );
+        bool processOtherChar( char c );
+        void endMode();
+        void escape();
+        bool isControlChar( char c ) const;
+        void saveLastMode();
+        void revertBackToLastMode();
+        void addFilter();
+        bool separate();
+
+        // Handles common preprocessing of the pattern for name/tag patterns
+        std::string preprocessPattern();
+        // Adds the current pattern as a test name
+        void addNamePattern();
+        // Adds the current pattern as a tag
+        void addTagPattern();
+
+        inline void addCharToPattern(char c) {
+            m_substring += c;
+            m_patternName += c;
+            m_realPatternPos++;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEXTFLOW_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEXTFLOW_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace TextFlow {
+
+        class Columns;
+
+        /**
+         * Abstraction for a string with ansi escape sequences that
+         * automatically skips over escapes when iterating. Only graphical
+         * escape sequences are considered.
+         *
+         * Internal representation:
+         * An escape sequence looks like \033[39;49m
+         * We need bidirectional iteration and the unbound length of escape
+         * sequences poses a problem for operator-- To make this work we'll
+         * replace the last `m` with a 0xff (this is a codepoint that won't have
+         * any utf-8 meaning).
+         */
+        class AnsiSkippingString {
+            std::string m_string;
+            std::size_t m_size = 0;
+
+            // perform 0xff replacement and calculate m_size
+            void preprocessString();
+
+        public:
+            class const_iterator;
+            using iterator = const_iterator;
+            // note: must be u-suffixed or this will cause a "truncation of
+            // constant value" warning on MSVC
+            static constexpr char sentinel = static_cast<char>( 0xffu );
+
+            explicit AnsiSkippingString( std::string const& text );
+            explicit AnsiSkippingString( std::string&& text );
+
+            const_iterator begin() const;
+            const_iterator end() const;
+
+            size_t size() const { return m_size; }
+
+            std::string substring( const_iterator begin,
+                                   const_iterator end ) const;
+        };
+
+        class AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator {
+            friend AnsiSkippingString;
+            struct EndTag {};
+
+            const std::string* m_string;
+            std::string::const_iterator m_it;
+
+            explicit const_iterator( const std::string& string, EndTag ):
+                m_string( &string ), m_it( string.end() ) {}
+
+            void tryParseAnsiEscapes();
+            void advance();
+            void unadvance();
+
+        public:
+            using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+            using value_type = char;
+            using pointer = value_type*;
+            using reference = value_type&;
+            using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+
+            explicit const_iterator( const std::string& string ):
+                m_string( &string ), m_it( string.begin() ) {
+                tryParseAnsiEscapes();
+            }
+
+            char operator*() const { return *m_it; }
+
+            const_iterator& operator++() {
+                advance();
+                return *this;
+            }
+            const_iterator operator++( int ) {
+                iterator prev( *this );
+                operator++();
+                return prev;
+            }
+            const_iterator& operator--() {
+                unadvance();
+                return *this;
+            }
+            const_iterator operator--( int ) {
+                iterator prev( *this );
+                operator--();
+                return prev;
+            }
+
+            bool operator==( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                return m_it == other.m_it;
+            }
+            bool operator!=( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                return !operator==( other );
+            }
+            bool operator<=( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                return m_it <= other.m_it;
+            }
+
+            const_iterator oneBefore() const {
+                auto it = *this;
+                return --it;
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Represents a column of text with specific width and indentation
+         *
+         * When written out to a stream, it will perform linebreaking
+         * of the provided text so that the written lines fit within
+         * target width.
+         */
+        class Column {
+            // String to be written out
+            AnsiSkippingString m_string;
+            // Width of the column for linebreaking
+            size_t m_width = CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1;
+            // Indentation of other lines (including first if initial indent is
+            // unset)
+            size_t m_indent = 0;
+            // Indentation of the first line
+            size_t m_initialIndent = std::string::npos;
+
+        public:
+            /**
+             * Iterates "lines" in `Column` and returns them
+             */
+            class const_iterator {
+                friend Column;
+                struct EndTag {};
+
+                Column const& m_column;
+                // Where does the current line start?
+                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator m_lineStart;
+                // How long should the current line be?
+                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator m_lineEnd;
+                // How far have we checked the string to iterate?
+                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator m_parsedTo;
+                // Should a '-' be appended to the line?
+                bool m_addHyphen = false;
+
+                const_iterator( Column const& column, EndTag ):
+                    m_column( column ),
+                    m_lineStart( m_column.m_string.end() ),
+                    m_lineEnd( column.m_string.end() ),
+                    m_parsedTo( column.m_string.end() ) {}
+
+                // Calculates the length of the current line
+                void calcLength();
+
+                // Returns current indentation width
+                size_t indentSize() const;
+
+                // Creates an indented and (optionally) suffixed string from
+                // current iterator position, indentation and length.
+                std::string addIndentAndSuffix(
+                    AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator start,
+                    AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator end ) const;
+
+            public:
+                using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+                using value_type = std::string;
+                using pointer = value_type*;
+                using reference = value_type&;
+                using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+                explicit const_iterator( Column const& column );
+
+                std::string operator*() const;
+
+                const_iterator& operator++();
+                const_iterator operator++( int );
+
+                bool operator==( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                    return m_lineStart == other.m_lineStart &&
+                           &m_column == &other.m_column;
+                }
+                bool operator!=( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                    return !operator==( other );
+                }
+            };
+            using iterator = const_iterator;
+
+            explicit Column( std::string const& text ): m_string( text ) {}
+            explicit Column( std::string&& text ):
+                m_string( CATCH_MOVE( text ) ) {}
+
+            Column& width( size_t newWidth ) & {
+                assert( newWidth > 0 );
+                m_width = newWidth;
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Column&& width( size_t newWidth ) && {
+                assert( newWidth > 0 );
+                m_width = newWidth;
+                return CATCH_MOVE( *this );
+            }
+            Column& indent( size_t newIndent ) & {
+                m_indent = newIndent;
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Column&& indent( size_t newIndent ) && {
+                m_indent = newIndent;
+                return CATCH_MOVE( *this );
+            }
+            Column& initialIndent( size_t newIndent ) & {
+                m_initialIndent = newIndent;
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Column&& initialIndent( size_t newIndent ) && {
+                m_initialIndent = newIndent;
+                return CATCH_MOVE( *this );
+            }
+
+            size_t width() const { return m_width; }
+            const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator( *this ); }
+            const_iterator end() const {
+                return { *this, const_iterator::EndTag{} };
+            }
+
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os,
+                                             Column const& col );
+
+            friend Columns operator+( Column const& lhs, Column const& rhs );
+            friend Columns operator+( Column&& lhs, Column&& rhs );
+        };
+
+        //! Creates a column that serves as an empty space of specific width
+        Column Spacer( size_t spaceWidth );
+
+        class Columns {
+            std::vector<Column> m_columns;
+
+        public:
+            class iterator {
+                friend Columns;
+                struct EndTag {};
+
+                std::vector<Column> const& m_columns;
+                std::vector<Column::const_iterator> m_iterators;
+                size_t m_activeIterators;
+
+                iterator( Columns const& columns, EndTag );
+
+            public:
+                using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+                using value_type = std::string;
+                using pointer = value_type*;
+                using reference = value_type&;
+                using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+                explicit iterator( Columns const& columns );
+
+                auto operator==( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+                    return m_iterators == other.m_iterators;
+                }
+                auto operator!=( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+                    return m_iterators != other.m_iterators;
+                }
+                std::string operator*() const;
+                iterator& operator++();
+                iterator operator++( int );
+            };
+            using const_iterator = iterator;
+
+            iterator begin() const { return iterator( *this ); }
+            iterator end() const { return { *this, iterator::EndTag() }; }
+
+            friend Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column const& rhs );
+            friend Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column&& rhs );
+            friend Columns operator+( Columns const& lhs, Column const& rhs );
+            friend Columns operator+( Columns&& lhs, Column&& rhs );
+
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os,
+                                             Columns const& cols );
+        };
+
+    } // namespace TextFlow
+} // namespace Catch
+#endif // CATCH_TEXTFLOW_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TO_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TO_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    template <typename T>
+    std::string to_string(T const& t) {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING)
+        return std::to_string(t);
+#else
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << t;
+        return rss.str();
+#endif
+    }
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TO_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    bool uncaught_exceptions();
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_XMLWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_XMLWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    enum class XmlFormatting {
+        None = 0x00,
+        Indent = 0x01,
+        Newline = 0x02,
+    };
+
+    XmlFormatting operator | (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs);
+    XmlFormatting operator & (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs);
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for XML-encoding text (escaping angle brackets, quotes, etc)
+     *
+     * Note: doesn't take ownership of passed strings, and thus the
+     *       encoded string must outlive the encoding instance.
+     */
+    class XmlEncode {
+    public:
+        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+
+        XmlEncode( StringRef str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
+
+        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+
+    private:
+        StringRef m_str;
+        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+    };
+
+    class XmlWriter {
+    public:
+
+        class ScopedElement {
+        public:
+            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer, XmlFormatting fmt );
+
+            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
+            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
+
+            ~ScopedElement();
+
+            ScopedElement&
+            writeText( StringRef text,
+                       XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline |
+                                           XmlFormatting::Indent );
+
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                           StringRef attribute );
+            template <typename T,
+                      // Without this SFINAE, this overload is a better match
+                      // for `std::string`, `char const*`, `char const[N]` args.
+                      // While it would still work, it would cause code bloat
+                      // and multiple iteration over the strings
+                      typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                          !std::is_convertible<T, StringRef>::value>>
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                           T const& attribute ) {
+                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+            XmlFormatting m_fmt;
+        };
+
+        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        ~XmlWriter();
+
+        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+
+        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
+
+        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
+
+        XmlWriter& endElement(XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
+
+        //! The attribute content is XML-encoded
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, StringRef attribute );
+
+        //! Writes the attribute as "true/false"
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, bool attribute );
+
+        //! The attribute content is XML-encoded
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, char const* attribute );
+
+        //! The attribute value must provide op<<(ostream&, T). The resulting
+        //! serialization is XML-encoded
+        template <typename T,
+                  // Without this SFINAE, this overload is a better match
+                  // for `std::string`, `char const*`, `char const[N]` args.
+                  // While it would still work, it would cause code bloat
+                  // and multiple iteration over the strings
+                  typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                      !std::is_convertible<T, StringRef>::value>>
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, T const& attribute ) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << attribute;
+            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
+        }
+
+        //! Writes escaped `text` in a element
+        XmlWriter& writeText( StringRef text,
+                              XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline |
+                                                  XmlFormatting::Indent );
+
+        //! Writes XML comment as "<!-- text -->"
+        XmlWriter& writeComment( StringRef text,
+                                 XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline |
+                                                     XmlFormatting::Indent );
+
+        void writeStylesheetRef( StringRef url );
+
+        void ensureTagClosed();
+
+    private:
+
+        void applyFormatting(XmlFormatting fmt);
+
+        void writeDeclaration();
+
+        void newlineIfNecessary();
+
+        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+        std::string m_indent;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_XMLWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's Matcher support. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to matchers.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of increased compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `matchers` folder, or to
+ * the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#endif
+
+    template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+    class MatchExpr : public ITransientExpression {
+        ArgT && m_arg;
+        MatcherT const& m_matcher;
+    public:
+        MatchExpr( ArgT && arg, MatcherT const& matcher )
+        :   ITransientExpression{ true, matcher.match( arg ) }, // not forwarding arg here on purpose
+            m_arg( CATCH_FORWARD(arg) ),
+            m_matcher( matcher )
+        {}
+
+        void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream& os ) const override {
+            os << Catch::Detail::stringify( m_arg )
+               << ' '
+               << m_matcher.toString();
+        }
+    };
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    namespace Matchers {
+        template <typename ArgT>
+        class MatcherBase;
+    }
+
+    using StringMatcher = Matchers::MatcherBase<std::string>;
+
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher );
+
+    template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+    auto makeMatchExpr( ArgT && arg, MatcherT const& matcher ) -> MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT> {
+        return MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT>( CATCH_FORWARD(arg), matcher );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( macroName, matcher, resultDisposition, arg ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(arg) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY { \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::makeMatchExpr( arg, matcher ) ); \
+        } INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( macroName, exceptionType, resultDisposition, matcher, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__ ); \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( exceptionType const& ex ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::makeMatchExpr( ex, matcher ) ); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+    } while( false )
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    class MatcherUntypedBase {
+    public:
+        MatcherUntypedBase() = default;
+
+        MatcherUntypedBase(MatcherUntypedBase const&) = default;
+        MatcherUntypedBase(MatcherUntypedBase&&) = default;
+
+        MatcherUntypedBase& operator = (MatcherUntypedBase const&) = delete;
+        MatcherUntypedBase& operator = (MatcherUntypedBase&&) = delete;
+
+        std::string toString() const;
+
+    protected:
+        virtual ~MatcherUntypedBase(); // = default;
+        virtual std::string describe() const = 0;
+        mutable std::string m_cachedToString;
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class MatcherBase : public MatcherUntypedBase {
+    public:
+        virtual bool match( T const& arg ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        class MatchAllOf final : public MatcherBase<ArgT> {
+            std::vector<MatcherBase<ArgT> const*> m_matchers;
+
+        public:
+            MatchAllOf() = default;
+            MatchAllOf(MatchAllOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOf& operator=(MatchAllOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOf(MatchAllOf&&) = default;
+            MatchAllOf& operator=(MatchAllOf&&) = default;
+
+
+            bool match( ArgT const& arg ) const override {
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if (!matcher->match(arg))
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                std::string description;
+                description.reserve( 4 + m_matchers.size()*32 );
+                description += "( ";
+                bool first = true;
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if( first )
+                        first = false;
+                    else
+                        description += " and ";
+                    description += matcher->toString();
+                }
+                description += " )";
+                return description;
+            }
+
+            friend MatchAllOf operator&& (MatchAllOf&& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) {
+                lhs.m_matchers.push_back(&rhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(lhs);
+            }
+            friend MatchAllOf operator&& (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAllOf&& rhs) {
+                rhs.m_matchers.insert(rhs.m_matchers.begin(), &lhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(rhs);
+            }
+        };
+
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAllOf<ArgT> operator&& (MatchAllOf<ArgT> const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAllOf<ArgT> operator&& (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAllOf<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        class MatchAnyOf final : public MatcherBase<ArgT> {
+            std::vector<MatcherBase<ArgT> const*> m_matchers;
+        public:
+            MatchAnyOf() = default;
+            MatchAnyOf(MatchAnyOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOf& operator=(MatchAnyOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOf(MatchAnyOf&&) = default;
+            MatchAnyOf& operator=(MatchAnyOf&&) = default;
+
+            bool match( ArgT const& arg ) const override {
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if (matcher->match(arg))
+                        return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                std::string description;
+                description.reserve( 4 + m_matchers.size()*32 );
+                description += "( ";
+                bool first = true;
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if( first )
+                        first = false;
+                    else
+                        description += " or ";
+                    description += matcher->toString();
+                }
+                description += " )";
+                return description;
+            }
+
+            friend MatchAnyOf operator|| (MatchAnyOf&& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) {
+                lhs.m_matchers.push_back(&rhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(lhs);
+            }
+            friend MatchAnyOf operator|| (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAnyOf&& rhs) {
+                rhs.m_matchers.insert(rhs.m_matchers.begin(), &lhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(rhs);
+            }
+        };
+
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAnyOf<ArgT> operator|| (MatchAnyOf<ArgT> const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAnyOf<ArgT> operator|| (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAnyOf<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        class MatchNotOf final : public MatcherBase<ArgT> {
+            MatcherBase<ArgT> const& m_underlyingMatcher;
+
+        public:
+            explicit MatchNotOf( MatcherBase<ArgT> const& underlyingMatcher ):
+                m_underlyingMatcher( underlyingMatcher )
+            {}
+
+            bool match( ArgT const& arg ) const override {
+                return !m_underlyingMatcher.match( arg );
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "not " + m_underlyingMatcher.toString();
+            }
+        };
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    template <typename T>
+    Detail::MatchAllOf<T> operator&& (MatcherBase<T> const& lhs, MatcherBase<T> const& rhs) {
+        return Detail::MatchAllOf<T>{} && lhs && rhs;
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    Detail::MatchAnyOf<T> operator|| (MatcherBase<T> const& lhs, MatcherBase<T> const& rhs) {
+        return Detail::MatchAnyOf<T>{} || lhs || rhs;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    Detail::MatchNotOf<T> operator! (MatcherBase<T> const& matcher) {
+        return Detail::MatchNotOf<T>{ matcher };
+    }
+
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "CATCH_CHECK_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, arg )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, arg )
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                   (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                     (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher )   (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher )                             (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher )                           (void)(0)
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CHECK_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "CHECK_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, arg )
+  #define REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "REQUIRE_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, arg )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                   (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                     (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher )   (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher )                             (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher )                           (void)(0)
+
+#endif // end of user facing macro declarations
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_TEMPLATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_TEMPLATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <array>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+    class MatcherGenericBase : public MatcherUntypedBase {
+    public:
+        MatcherGenericBase() = default;
+        ~MatcherGenericBase() override; // = default;
+
+        MatcherGenericBase(MatcherGenericBase const&) = default;
+        MatcherGenericBase(MatcherGenericBase&&) = default;
+
+        MatcherGenericBase& operator=(MatcherGenericBase const&) = delete;
+        MatcherGenericBase& operator=(MatcherGenericBase&&) = delete;
+    };
+
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        template<std::size_t N, std::size_t M>
+        std::array<void const*, N + M> array_cat(std::array<void const*, N> && lhs, std::array<void const*, M> && rhs) {
+            std::array<void const*, N + M> arr{};
+            std::copy_n(lhs.begin(), N, arr.begin());
+            std::copy_n(rhs.begin(), M, arr.begin() + N);
+            return arr;
+        }
+
+        template<std::size_t N>
+        std::array<void const*, N+1> array_cat(std::array<void const*, N> && lhs, void const* rhs) {
+            std::array<void const*, N+1> arr{};
+            std::copy_n(lhs.begin(), N, arr.begin());
+            arr[N] = rhs;
+            return arr;
+        }
+
+        template<std::size_t N>
+        std::array<void const*, N+1> array_cat(void const* lhs, std::array<void const*, N> && rhs) {
+            std::array<void const*, N + 1> arr{ {lhs} };
+            std::copy_n(rhs.begin(), N, arr.begin() + 1);
+            return arr;
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        using is_generic_matcher = std::is_base_of<
+            Catch::Matchers::MatcherGenericBase,
+            std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>
+        >;
+
+        template<typename... Ts>
+        using are_generic_matchers = Catch::Detail::conjunction<is_generic_matcher<Ts>...>;
+
+        template<typename T>
+        using is_matcher = std::is_base_of<
+            Catch::Matchers::MatcherUntypedBase,
+            std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>
+        >;
+
+
+        template<std::size_t N, typename Arg>
+        bool match_all_of(Arg&&, std::array<void const*, N> const&, std::index_sequence<>) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... MatcherTs, std::size_t N, typename Arg, std::size_t Idx, std::size_t... Indices>
+        bool match_all_of(Arg&& arg, std::array<void const*, N> const& matchers, std::index_sequence<Idx, Indices...>) {
+            return static_cast<T const*>(matchers[Idx])->match(arg) && match_all_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, matchers, std::index_sequence<Indices...>{});
+        }
+
+
+        template<std::size_t N, typename Arg>
+        bool match_any_of(Arg&&, std::array<void const*, N> const&, std::index_sequence<>) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... MatcherTs, std::size_t N, typename Arg, std::size_t Idx, std::size_t... Indices>
+        bool match_any_of(Arg&& arg, std::array<void const*, N> const& matchers, std::index_sequence<Idx, Indices...>) {
+            return static_cast<T const*>(matchers[Idx])->match(arg) || match_any_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, matchers, std::index_sequence<Indices...>{});
+        }
+
+        std::string describe_multi_matcher(StringRef combine, std::string const* descriptions_begin, std::string const* descriptions_end);
+
+        template<typename... MatcherTs, std::size_t... Idx>
+        std::string describe_multi_matcher(StringRef combine, std::array<void const*, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> const& matchers, std::index_sequence<Idx...>) {
+            std::array<std::string, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> descriptions {{
+                static_cast<MatcherTs const*>(matchers[Idx])->toString()...
+            }};
+
+            return describe_multi_matcher(combine, descriptions.data(), descriptions.data() + descriptions.size());
+        }
+
+
+        template<typename... MatcherTs>
+        class MatchAllOfGeneric final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            MatchAllOfGeneric(MatchAllOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAllOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOfGeneric(MatchAllOfGeneric&&) = default;
+            MatchAllOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAllOfGeneric&&) = default;
+
+            MatchAllOfGeneric(MatcherTs const&... matchers) : m_matchers{ {std::addressof(matchers)...} } {}
+            explicit MatchAllOfGeneric(std::array<void const*, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> matchers) : m_matchers{matchers} {}
+
+            template<typename Arg>
+            bool match(Arg&& arg) const {
+                return match_all_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return describe_multi_matcher<MatcherTs...>(" and "_sr, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+            // Has to be public to enable the concatenating operators
+            // below, because they are not friend of the RHS, only LHS,
+            // and thus cannot access private fields of RHS
+            std::array<void const*, sizeof...( MatcherTs )> m_matchers;
+
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAllOf && GenericAllOf` case
+            template<typename... MatchersRHS>
+            friend
+            MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...> operator && (
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatchersRHS...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAllOf && some matcher` case
+            template<typename MatcherRHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value,
+            MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>> operator && (
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+                return MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), static_cast<void const*>(&rhs))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `some matcher && GenericAllOf` case
+            template<typename MatcherLHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value,
+            MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>> operator && (
+                    MatcherLHS const& lhs,
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>{array_cat(static_cast<void const*>(std::addressof(lhs)), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        template<typename... MatcherTs>
+        class MatchAnyOfGeneric final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric(MatchAnyOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAnyOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric(MatchAnyOfGeneric&&) = default;
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAnyOfGeneric&&) = default;
+
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric(MatcherTs const&... matchers) : m_matchers{ {std::addressof(matchers)...} } {}
+            explicit MatchAnyOfGeneric(std::array<void const*, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> matchers) : m_matchers{matchers} {}
+
+            template<typename Arg>
+            bool match(Arg&& arg) const {
+                return match_any_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return describe_multi_matcher<MatcherTs...>(" or "_sr, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+
+            // Has to be public to enable the concatenating operators
+            // below, because they are not friend of the RHS, only LHS,
+            // and thus cannot access private fields of RHS
+            std::array<void const*, sizeof...( MatcherTs )> m_matchers;
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAnyOf || GenericAnyOf` case
+            template<typename... MatchersRHS>
+            friend MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...> operator || (
+                    MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatchersRHS...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAnyOf || some matcher` case
+            template<typename MatcherRHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value,
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>> operator || (
+                    MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+                return MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), static_cast<void const*>(std::addressof(rhs)))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `some matcher || GenericAnyOf` case
+            template<typename MatcherLHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value,
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>> operator || (
+                MatcherLHS const& lhs,
+                MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>{array_cat(static_cast<void const*>(std::addressof(lhs)), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        template<typename MatcherT>
+        class MatchNotOfGeneric final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            MatcherT const& m_matcher;
+
+        public:
+            MatchNotOfGeneric(MatchNotOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchNotOfGeneric& operator=(MatchNotOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchNotOfGeneric(MatchNotOfGeneric&&) = default;
+            MatchNotOfGeneric& operator=(MatchNotOfGeneric&&) = default;
+
+            explicit MatchNotOfGeneric(MatcherT const& matcher) : m_matcher{matcher} {}
+
+            template<typename Arg>
+            bool match(Arg&& arg) const {
+                return !m_matcher.match(arg);
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "not " + m_matcher.toString();
+            }
+
+            //! Negating negation can just unwrap and return underlying matcher
+            friend MatcherT const& operator ! (MatchNotOfGeneric<MatcherT> const& matcher) {
+                return matcher.m_matcher;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+
+    // compose only generic matchers
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::are_generic_matchers<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator && (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::are_generic_matchers<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator || (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    //! Wrap provided generic matcher in generic negator
+    template<typename MatcherT>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherT>::value, Detail::MatchNotOfGeneric<MatcherT>>
+        operator ! (MatcherT const& matcher) {
+        return Detail::MatchNotOfGeneric<MatcherT>{matcher};
+    }
+
+
+    // compose mixed generic and non-generic matchers
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename ArgRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value, Detail::MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherBase<ArgRHS>>>
+        operator && (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgRHS> const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename ArgLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherBase<ArgLHS>, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator && (MatcherBase<ArgLHS> const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename ArgRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value, Detail::MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherBase<ArgRHS>>>
+        operator || (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgRHS> const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename ArgLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherBase<ArgLHS>, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator || (MatcherBase<ArgLHS> const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_TEMPLATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+
+        class IsEmptyMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+                using Catch::Detail::empty;
+#else
+                using std::empty;
+#endif
+                return empty(rng);
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override;
+        };
+
+        class HasSizeMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            std::size_t m_target_size;
+        public:
+            explicit HasSizeMatcher(std::size_t target_size):
+                m_target_size(target_size)
+            {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+                using Catch::Detail::size;
+#else
+                using std::size;
+#endif
+                return size(rng) == m_target_size;
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override;
+        };
+
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class SizeMatchesMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            explicit SizeMatchesMatcher(Matcher m):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(m))
+            {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+                using Catch::Detail::size;
+#else
+                using std::size;
+#endif
+                return m_matcher.match(size(rng));
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "size matches " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        //! Creates a matcher that accepts empty ranges/containers
+        IsEmptyMatcher IsEmpty();
+        //! Creates a matcher that accepts ranges/containers with specific size
+        HasSizeMatcher SizeIs(std::size_t sz);
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_matcher<Matcher>::value,
+        SizeMatchesMatcher<Matcher>> SizeIs(Matcher&& m) {
+            return SizeMatchesMatcher<Matcher>{CATCH_FORWARD(m)};
+        }
+
+    } // end namespace Matchers
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+        //! Matcher for checking that an element in range is equal to specific element
+        template <typename T, typename Equality>
+        class ContainsElementMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            T m_desired;
+            Equality m_eq;
+        public:
+            template <typename T2, typename Equality2>
+            ContainsElementMatcher(T2&& target, Equality2&& predicate):
+                m_desired(CATCH_FORWARD(target)),
+                m_eq(CATCH_FORWARD(predicate))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "contains element " + Catch::Detail::stringify(m_desired);
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match( RangeLike&& rng ) const {
+                for ( auto&& elem : rng ) {
+                    if ( m_eq( elem, m_desired ) ) { return true; }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        //! Meta-matcher for checking that an element in a range matches a specific matcher
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class ContainsMatcherMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            // Note that we do a copy+move to avoid having to SFINAE this
+            // constructor (and also avoid some perfect forwarding failure
+            // cases)
+            ContainsMatcherMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "contains element matching " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks whether a range contains a specific element.
+         *
+         * Uses `std::equal_to` to do the comparison
+         */
+        template <typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<!Detail::is_matcher<T>::value,
+        ContainsElementMatcher<T, std::equal_to<>>> Contains(T&& elem) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(elem), std::equal_to<>{} };
+        }
+
+        //! Creates a matcher that checks whether a range contains element matching a matcher
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_matcher<Matcher>::value,
+        ContainsMatcherMatcher<Matcher>> Contains(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks whether a range contains a specific element.
+         *
+         * Uses `eq` to do the comparisons, the element is provided on the rhs
+         */
+        template <typename T, typename Equality>
+        ContainsElementMatcher<T, Equality> Contains(T&& elem, Equality&& eq) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(elem), CATCH_FORWARD(eq) };
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+class ExceptionMessageMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::exception> {
+    std::string m_message;
+public:
+
+    ExceptionMessageMatcher(std::string const& message):
+        m_message(message)
+    {}
+
+    bool match(std::exception const& ex) const override;
+
+    std::string describe() const override;
+};
+
+//! Creates a matcher that checks whether a std derived exception has the provided message
+ExceptionMessageMatcher Message(std::string const& message);
+
+template <typename StringMatcherType>
+class ExceptionMessageMatchesMatcher final
+    : public MatcherBase<std::exception> {
+    StringMatcherType m_matcher;
+
+public:
+    ExceptionMessageMatchesMatcher( StringMatcherType matcher ):
+        m_matcher( CATCH_MOVE( matcher ) ) {}
+
+    bool match( std::exception const& ex ) const override {
+        return m_matcher.match( ex.what() );
+    }
+
+    std::string describe() const override {
+        return " matches \"" + m_matcher.describe() + '"';
+    }
+};
+
+//! Creates a matcher that checks whether a message from an std derived
+//! exception matches a provided matcher
+template <typename StringMatcherType>
+ExceptionMessageMatchesMatcher<StringMatcherType>
+MessageMatches( StringMatcherType&& matcher ) {
+    return { CATCH_FORWARD( matcher ) };
+}
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_FLOATING_POINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_FLOATING_POINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        enum class FloatingPointKind : uint8_t;
+    }
+
+    class  WithinAbsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        WithinAbsMatcher(double target, double margin);
+        bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    private:
+        double m_target;
+        double m_margin;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts numbers within certain range of target
+    WithinAbsMatcher WithinAbs( double target, double margin );
+
+
+
+    class WithinUlpsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        WithinUlpsMatcher( double target,
+                           uint64_t ulps,
+                           Detail::FloatingPointKind baseType );
+        bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    private:
+        double m_target;
+        uint64_t m_ulps;
+        Detail::FloatingPointKind m_type;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within certain ULP range of target
+    WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(double target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts floats within certain ULP range of target
+    WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(float target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff);
+
+
+
+    // Given IEEE-754 format for floats and doubles, we can assume
+    // that float -> double promotion is lossless. Given this, we can
+    // assume that if we do the standard relative comparison of
+    // |lhs - rhs| <= epsilon * max(fabs(lhs), fabs(rhs)), then we get
+    // the same result if we do this for floats, as if we do this for
+    // doubles that were promoted from floats.
+    class WithinRelMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        WithinRelMatcher( double target, double epsilon );
+        bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    private:
+        double m_target;
+        double m_epsilon;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within certain relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target, double eps);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within 100*DBL_EPS relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within certain relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target, float eps);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts floats within 100*FLT_EPS relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target);
+
+
+
+    class IsNaNMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        IsNaNMatcher() = default;
+        bool match( double const& matchee ) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    };
+
+    IsNaNMatcher IsNaN();
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_FLOATING_POINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_PREDICATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_PREDICATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+namespace Detail {
+    std::string finalizeDescription(const std::string& desc);
+} // namespace Detail
+
+template <typename T, typename Predicate>
+class PredicateMatcher final : public MatcherBase<T> {
+    Predicate m_predicate;
+    std::string m_description;
+public:
+
+    PredicateMatcher(Predicate&& elem, std::string const& descr)
+        :m_predicate(CATCH_FORWARD(elem)),
+        m_description(Detail::finalizeDescription(descr))
+    {}
+
+    bool match( T const& item ) const override {
+        return m_predicate(item);
+    }
+
+    std::string describe() const override {
+        return m_description;
+    }
+};
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a matcher that calls delegates `match` to the provided predicate.
+     *
+     * The user has to explicitly specify the argument type to the matcher
+     */
+    template<typename T, typename Pred>
+    PredicateMatcher<T, Pred> Predicate(Pred&& predicate, std::string const& description = "") {
+        static_assert(is_callable<Pred(T)>::value, "Predicate not callable with argument T");
+        static_assert(std::is_same<bool, FunctionReturnType<Pred, T>>::value, "Predicate does not return bool");
+        return PredicateMatcher<T, Pred>(CATCH_FORWARD(predicate), description);
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_PREDICATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_QUANTIFIERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_QUANTIFIERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+        // Matcher for checking that all elements in range matches a given matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class AllMatchMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            AllMatchMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "all match " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (!m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that no element in range matches a given matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class NoneMatchMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            NoneMatchMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "none match " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that at least one element in range matches a given matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class AnyMatchMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            AnyMatchMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "any match " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that all elements in range are true.
+        class AllTrueMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            std::string describe() const override;
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (!elem) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that no element in range is true.
+        class NoneTrueMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            std::string describe() const override;
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (elem) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that any element in range is true.
+        class AnyTrueMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            std::string describe() const override;
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (elem) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether all elements in a range match a matcher
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        AllMatchMatcher<Matcher> AllMatch(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether no element in a range matches a matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        NoneMatchMatcher<Matcher> NoneMatch(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether any element in a range matches a matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        AnyMatchMatcher<Matcher> AnyMatch(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether all elements in a range are true
+        AllTrueMatcher AllTrue();
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether no element in a range is true
+        NoneTrueMatcher NoneTrue();
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether any element in a range is true
+        AnyTrueMatcher AnyTrue();
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_QUANTIFIERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_RANGE_EQUALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_RANGE_EQUALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+
+        /**
+         * Matcher for checking that an element contains the same
+         * elements in the same order
+         */
+        template <typename TargetRangeLike, typename Equality>
+        class RangeEqualsMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            TargetRangeLike m_desired;
+            Equality m_predicate;
+
+        public:
+            template <typename TargetRangeLike2, typename Equality2>
+            RangeEqualsMatcher( TargetRangeLike2&& range,
+                                Equality2&& predicate ):
+                m_desired( CATCH_FORWARD( range ) ),
+                m_predicate( CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) ) {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match( RangeLike&& rng ) const {
+                auto rng_start = begin( rng );
+                const auto rng_end = end( rng );
+                auto target_start = begin( m_desired );
+                const auto target_end = end( m_desired );
+
+                while (rng_start != rng_end && target_start != target_end) {
+                    if (!m_predicate(*rng_start, *target_start)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    ++rng_start;
+                    ++target_start;
+                }
+                return rng_start == rng_end && target_start == target_end;
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "elements are " + Catch::Detail::stringify( m_desired );
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Matcher for checking that an element contains the same
+         * elements (but not necessarily in the same order)
+         */
+        template <typename TargetRangeLike, typename Equality>
+        class UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            TargetRangeLike m_desired;
+            Equality m_predicate;
+
+        public:
+            template <typename TargetRangeLike2, typename Equality2>
+            UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher( TargetRangeLike2&& range,
+                                         Equality2&& predicate ):
+                m_desired( CATCH_FORWARD( range ) ),
+                m_predicate( CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) ) {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match( RangeLike&& rng ) const {
+                using std::begin;
+                using std::end;
+                return Catch::Detail::is_permutation( begin( m_desired ),
+                                                      end( m_desired ),
+                                                      begin( rng ),
+                                                      end( rng ),
+                                                      m_predicate );
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "unordered elements are " +
+                       ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_desired );
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range.
+         *
+         * Uses `std::equal_to` to do the comparison
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike>
+        std::enable_if_t<!Detail::is_matcher<RangeLike>::value,
+                         RangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, std::equal_to<>>>
+        RangeEquals( RangeLike&& range ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), std::equal_to<>{} };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range.
+         *
+         * Uses to provided predicate `predicate` to do the comparisons
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike, typename Equality>
+        RangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, Equality>
+        RangeEquals( RangeLike&& range, Equality&& predicate ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range, in some permutation
+         *
+         * Uses `std::equal_to` to do the comparison
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            !Detail::is_matcher<RangeLike>::value,
+            UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, std::equal_to<>>>
+        UnorderedRangeEquals( RangeLike&& range ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), std::equal_to<>{} };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range, in some permutation.
+         *
+         * Uses to provided predicate `predicate` to do the comparisons
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike, typename Equality>
+        UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, Equality>
+        UnorderedRangeEquals( RangeLike&& range, Equality&& predicate ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) };
+        }
+    } // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_RANGE_EQUALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    struct CasedString {
+        CasedString( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity );
+        std::string adjustString( std::string const& str ) const;
+        StringRef caseSensitivitySuffix() const;
+
+        CaseSensitive m_caseSensitivity;
+        std::string m_str;
+    };
+
+    class StringMatcherBase : public MatcherBase<std::string> {
+    protected:
+        CasedString m_comparator;
+        StringRef m_operation;
+
+    public:
+        StringMatcherBase( StringRef operation,
+                           CasedString const& comparator );
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    };
+
+    class StringEqualsMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        StringEqualsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+    class StringContainsMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        StringContainsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+    class StartsWithMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        StartsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+    class EndsWithMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        EndsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+
+    class RegexMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::string> {
+        std::string m_regex;
+        CaseSensitive m_caseSensitivity;
+
+    public:
+        RegexMatcher( std::string regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity );
+        bool match( std::string const& matchee ) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that are exactly equal to `str`
+    StringEqualsMatcher Equals( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that contain `str`
+    StringContainsMatcher ContainsSubstring( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that _end_ with `str`
+    EndsWithMatcher EndsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that _start_ with `str`
+    StartsWithMatcher StartsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings matching `regex`
+    RegexMatcher Matches( std::string const& regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_VECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_VECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    template<typename T, typename Alloc>
+    class VectorContainsElementMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, Alloc>> {
+        T const& m_comparator;
+
+    public:
+        VectorContainsElementMatcher(T const& comparator):
+            m_comparator(comparator)
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, Alloc> const& v) const override {
+            for (auto const& el : v) {
+                if (el == m_comparator) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "Contains: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class ContainsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+
+    public:
+        ContainsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator):
+            m_comparator( comparator )
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& v) const override {
+            // !TBD: see note in EqualsMatcher
+            if (m_comparator.size() > v.size())
+                return false;
+            for (auto const& comparator : m_comparator) {
+                auto present = false;
+                for (const auto& el : v) {
+                    if (el == comparator) {
+                        present = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!present) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "Contains: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class EqualsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+
+    public:
+        EqualsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator):
+            m_comparator( comparator )
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& v) const override {
+            // !TBD: This currently works if all elements can be compared using !=
+            // - a more general approach would be via a compare template that defaults
+            // to using !=. but could be specialised for, e.g. std::vector<T> etc
+            // - then just call that directly
+            if ( m_comparator.size() != v.size() ) { return false; }
+            for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i ) {
+                if ( !( m_comparator[i] == v[i] ) ) { return false; }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "Equals: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class ApproxMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+        mutable Catch::Approx approx = Catch::Approx::custom();
+
+    public:
+        ApproxMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator):
+            m_comparator( comparator )
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& v) const override {
+            if (m_comparator.size() != v.size())
+                return false;
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+                if (m_comparator[i] != approx(v[i]))
+                    return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "is approx: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+        template <typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        ApproxMatcher& epsilon( T const& newEpsilon ) {
+            approx.epsilon(static_cast<double>(newEpsilon));
+            return *this;
+        }
+        template <typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        ApproxMatcher& margin( T const& newMargin ) {
+            approx.margin(static_cast<double>(newMargin));
+            return *this;
+        }
+        template <typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        ApproxMatcher& scale( T const& newScale ) {
+            approx.scale(static_cast<double>(newScale));
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class UnorderedEqualsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_target;
+
+    public:
+        UnorderedEqualsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& target):
+            m_target(target)
+        {}
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& vec) const override {
+            if (m_target.size() != vec.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return std::is_permutation(m_target.begin(), m_target.end(), vec.begin());
+        }
+
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "UnorderedEquals: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    // The following functions create the actual matcher objects.
+    // This allows the types to be inferred
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that contain all elements in `comparator`
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    ContainsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Contains( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
+        return ContainsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that contain `comparator` as an element
+    template<typename T, typename Alloc = std::allocator<T>>
+    VectorContainsElementMatcher<T, Alloc> VectorContains( T const& comparator ) {
+        return VectorContainsElementMatcher<T, Alloc>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that are exactly equal to `comparator`
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    EqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Equals( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
+        return EqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that `comparator` as an element
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    ApproxMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Approx( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
+        return ApproxMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that is equal to `target` modulo permutation
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    UnorderedEqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> UnorderedEquals(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& target) {
+        return UnorderedEqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(target);
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_VECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's Reporter support. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to reporters, including all reporters.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header (reporter) is added to either the `reporter` folder,
+ * or to the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_STREAMING_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_STREAMING_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_COMMON_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_COMMON_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class ColourImpl;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the base class for all reporters.
+     *
+     * If are writing a reporter, you must derive from this type, or one
+     * of the helper reporter bases that are derived from this type.
+     *
+     * ReporterBase centralizes handling of various common tasks in reporters,
+     * like storing the right stream for the reporters to write to, and
+     * providing the default implementation of the different listing events.
+     */
+    class ReporterBase : public IEventListener {
+    protected:
+        //! The stream wrapper as passed to us by outside code
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> m_wrapped_stream;
+        //! Cached output stream from `m_wrapped_stream` to reduce
+        //! number of indirect calls needed to write output.
+        std::ostream& m_stream;
+        //! Colour implementation this reporter was configured for
+        Detail::unique_ptr<ColourImpl> m_colour;
+        //! The custom reporter options user passed down to the reporter
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m_customOptions;
+
+    public:
+        ReporterBase( ReporterConfig&& config );
+        ~ReporterBase() override; // = default;
+
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of reporters.
+         *
+         * Should look roughly like the reporter listing in v2 and earlier
+         * versions of Catch2.
+         */
+        void listReporters(
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of listeners
+         *
+         * Looks similarly to listing of reporters, but with listener type
+         * instead of reporter name.
+         */
+        void listListeners(
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of tests.
+         *
+         * Should look roughly like the test listing in v2 and earlier versions
+         * of Catch2. Especially supports low-verbosity listing that mimics the
+         * old `--list-test-names-only` output.
+         */
+        void listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) override;
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of tags.
+         *
+         * Should look roughly like the tag listing in v2 and earlier versions
+         * of Catch2.
+         */
+        void listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags ) override;
+    };
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_COMMON_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class StreamingReporterBase : public ReporterBase {
+    public:
+        // GCC5 compat: we cannot use inherited constructor, because it
+        //              doesn't implement backport of P0136
+        StreamingReporterBase(ReporterConfig&& _config):
+            ReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(_config))
+        {}
+        ~StreamingReporterBase() override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef ) override {}
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) override {}
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) override {}
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef ) override {}
+
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef /*error*/ ) override {}
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef /*unmatchedSpec*/ ) override {}
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef /*invalidArgument*/ ) override {}
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo ) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& _testInfo) override  {
+            currentTestCaseInfo = &_testInfo;
+        }
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) override {
+            m_sectionStack.push_back(_sectionInfo);
+        }
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& ) override {}
+
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& /* _sectionStats */) override {
+            m_sectionStack.pop_back();
+        }
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& /* _testCaseStats */) override {
+            currentTestCaseInfo = nullptr;
+        }
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& /* _testRunStats */ ) override;
+
+        void skipTest(TestCaseInfo const&) override {
+            // Don't do anything with this by default.
+            // It can optionally be overridden in the derived class.
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        TestRunInfo currentTestRunInfo{ "test run has not started yet"_sr };
+        TestCaseInfo const* currentTestCaseInfo = nullptr;
+
+        //! Stack of all _active_ sections in the _current_ test case
+        std::vector<SectionInfo> m_sectionStack;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_STREAMING_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class AutomakeReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        // GCC5 compat: we cannot use inherited constructor, because it
+        //              doesn't implement backport of P0136
+        AutomakeReporter(ReporterConfig&& _config):
+            StreamingReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(_config))
+        {}
+        ~AutomakeReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results in the format of Automake .trs files"s;
+        }
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) override;
+        void skipTest(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_COMPACT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_COMPACT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class CompactReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        using StreamingReporterBase::StreamingReporterBase;
+
+        ~CompactReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& _testInfo ) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
+
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_COMPACT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    // Fwd decls
+    class TablePrinter;
+
+    class ConsoleReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+        Detail::unique_ptr<TablePrinter> m_tablePrinter;
+
+    public:
+        ConsoleReporter(ReporterConfig&& config);
+        ~ConsoleReporter() override;
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) override;
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const& info) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& stats) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) override;
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
+        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo) override;
+
+    private:
+        void lazyPrint();
+
+        void lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+        void lazyPrintRunInfo();
+        void printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
+
+        void printClosedHeader(std::string const& _name);
+        void printOpenHeader(std::string const& _name);
+
+        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
+        // subsequent lines
+        void printHeaderString(std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0);
+
+        void printTotalsDivider(Totals const& totals);
+
+        bool m_headerPrinted = false;
+        bool m_testRunInfoPrinted = false;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_CUMULATIVE_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_CUMULATIVE_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        //! Represents either an assertion or a benchmark result to be handled by cumulative reporter later
+        class AssertionOrBenchmarkResult {
+            // This should really be a variant, but this is much faster
+            // to write and the data layout here is already terrible
+            // enough that we do not have to care about the object size.
+            Optional<AssertionStats> m_assertion;
+            Optional<BenchmarkStats<>> m_benchmark;
+        public:
+            AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(AssertionStats const& assertion);
+            AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmark);
+
+            bool isAssertion() const;
+            bool isBenchmark() const;
+
+            AssertionStats const& asAssertion() const;
+            BenchmarkStats<> const& asBenchmark() const;
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility base for reporters that need to handle all results at once
+     *
+     * It stores tree of all test cases, sections and assertions, and after the
+     * test run is finished, calls into `testRunEndedCumulative` to pass the
+     * control to the deriving class.
+     *
+     * If you are deriving from this class and override any testing related
+     * member functions, you should first call into the base's implementation to
+     * avoid breaking the tree construction.
+     *
+     * Due to the way this base functions, it has to expand assertions up-front,
+     * even if they are later unused (e.g. because the deriving reporter does
+     * not report successful assertions, or because the deriving reporter does
+     * not use assertion expansion at all). Derived classes can use two
+     * customization points, `m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions` and
+     * `m_shouldStoreFailedAssertions`, to disable the expansion and gain extra
+     * performance. **Accessing the assertion expansions if it wasn't stored is
+     * UB.**
+     */
+    class CumulativeReporterBase : public ReporterBase {
+    public:
+        template<typename T, typename ChildNodeT>
+        struct Node {
+            explicit Node( T const& _value ) : value( _value ) {}
+
+            using ChildNodes = std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<ChildNodeT>>;
+            T value;
+            ChildNodes children;
+        };
+        struct SectionNode {
+            explicit SectionNode(SectionStats const& _stats) : stats(_stats) {}
+
+            bool operator == (SectionNode const& other) const {
+                return stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo == other.stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo;
+            }
+
+            bool hasAnyAssertions() const;
+
+            SectionStats stats;
+            std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<SectionNode>> childSections;
+            std::vector<Detail::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult> assertionsAndBenchmarks;
+            std::string stdOut;
+            std::string stdErr;
+        };
+
+
+        using TestCaseNode = Node<TestCaseStats, SectionNode>;
+        using TestRunNode = Node<TestRunStats, TestCaseNode>;
+
+        // GCC5 compat: we cannot use inherited constructor, because it
+        //              doesn't implement backport of P0136
+        CumulativeReporterBase(ReporterConfig&& _config):
+            ReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(_config))
+        {}
+        ~CumulativeReporterBase() override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef ) override {}
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) override {}
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef ) override {}
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef ) override {}
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef ) override {}
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef /*error*/ ) override {}
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& ) override {}
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override;
+        //! Customization point: called after last test finishes (testRunEnded has been handled)
+        virtual void testRunEndedCumulative() = 0;
+
+        void skipTest(TestCaseInfo const&) override {}
+
+    protected:
+        //! Should the cumulative base store the assertion expansion for successful assertions?
+        bool m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions = true;
+        //! Should the cumulative base store the assertion expansion for failed assertions?
+        bool m_shouldStoreFailedAssertions = true;
+
+        // We need lazy construction here. We should probably refactor it
+        // later, after the events are redone.
+        //! The root node of the test run tree.
+        Detail::unique_ptr<TestRunNode> m_testRun;
+
+    private:
+        // Note: We rely on pointer identity being stable, which is why
+        //       we store pointers to the nodes rather than the values.
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseNode>> m_testCases;
+        // Root section of the _current_ test case
+        Detail::unique_ptr<SectionNode> m_rootSection;
+        // Deepest section of the _current_ test case
+        SectionNode* m_deepestSection = nullptr;
+        // Stack of _active_ sections in the _current_ test case
+        std::vector<SectionNode*> m_sectionStack;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_CUMULATIVE_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_EVENT_LISTENER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_EVENT_LISTENER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * Base class to simplify implementing listeners.
+     *
+     * Provides empty default implementation for all IEventListener member
+     * functions, so that a listener implementation can pick which
+     * member functions it actually cares about.
+     */
+    class EventListenerBase : public IEventListener {
+    public:
+        using IEventListener::IEventListener;
+
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) override;
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listListeners(
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) override;
+        void listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tagInfos ) override;
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo,
+                                      uint64_t partNumber ) override;
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats,
+                                   uint64_t partNumber ) override;
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override;
+        void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_EVENT_LISTENER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IConfig;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class ColourImpl;
+
+    // Returns double formatted as %.3f (format expected on output)
+    std::string getFormattedDuration( double duration );
+
+    //! Should the reporter show duration of test given current configuration?
+    bool shouldShowDuration( IConfig const& config, double duration );
+
+    std::string serializeFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters );
+
+    struct lineOfChars {
+        char c;
+        constexpr lineOfChars( char c_ ): c( c_ ) {}
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& out, lineOfChars value );
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Lists reporter descriptions to the provided stream in user-friendly
+     * format
+     *
+     * Used as the default listing implementation by the first party reporter
+     * bases. The output should be backwards compatible with the output of
+     * Catch2 v2 binaries.
+     */
+    void
+    defaultListReporters( std::ostream& out,
+                          std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions,
+                          Verbosity verbosity );
+
+    /**
+     * Lists listeners descriptions to the provided stream in user-friendly
+     * format
+     */
+    void defaultListListeners( std::ostream& out,
+                               std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions );
+
+    /**
+     * Lists tag information to the provided stream in user-friendly format
+     *
+     * Used as the default listing implementation by the first party reporter
+     * bases. The output should be backwards compatible with the output of
+     * Catch2 v2 binaries.
+     */
+    void defaultListTags( std::ostream& out, std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags, bool isFiltered );
+
+    /**
+     * Lists test case information to the provided stream in user-friendly
+     * format
+     *
+     * Used as the default listing implementation by the first party reporter
+     * bases. The output is backwards compatible with the output of Catch2
+     * v2 binaries, and also supports the format specific to the old
+     * `--list-test-names-only` option, for people who used it in integrations.
+     */
+    void defaultListTests( std::ostream& out,
+                           ColourImpl* streamColour,
+                           std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests,
+                           bool isFiltered,
+                           Verbosity verbosity );
+
+    /**
+     * Prints test run totals to the provided stream in user-friendly format
+     *
+     * Used by the console and compact reporters.
+     */
+    void printTestRunTotals( std::ostream& stream,
+                      ColourImpl& streamColour,
+                      Totals const& totals );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_JSON_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_JSON_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <stack>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class JsonReporter : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        JsonReporter( ReporterConfig&& config );
+
+        ~JsonReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+    public: // StreamingReporterBase
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& runStats ) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& tcInfo ) override;
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats ) override;
+
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& tcInfo,
+                                      uint64_t index ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats,
+                                   uint64_t index ) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) override;
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+
+        //void testRunEndedCumulative() override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listListeners(
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) override;
+        void listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags ) override;
+
+    private:
+        Timer m_testCaseTimer;
+        enum class Writer {
+            Object,
+            Array
+        };
+
+        JsonArrayWriter& startArray();
+        JsonArrayWriter& startArray( StringRef key );
+
+        JsonObjectWriter& startObject();
+        JsonObjectWriter& startObject( StringRef key );
+
+        void endObject();
+        void endArray();
+
+        bool isInside( Writer writer );
+
+        void startListing();
+        void endListing();
+
+        // Invariant:
+        // When m_writers is not empty and its top element is
+        // - Writer::Object, then m_objectWriters is not be empty
+        // - Writer::Array,  then m_arrayWriters shall not be empty
+        std::stack<JsonObjectWriter> m_objectWriters{};
+        std::stack<JsonArrayWriter> m_arrayWriters{};
+        std::stack<Writer> m_writers{};
+
+        bool m_startedListing = false;
+
+        // std::size_t m_sectionDepth = 0;
+        // std::size_t m_sectionStarted = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_JSON_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_JUNIT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_JUNIT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class JunitReporter final : public CumulativeReporterBase {
+    public:
+        JunitReporter(ReporterConfig&& _config);
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& runInfo) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo) override;
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEndedCumulative() override;
+
+    private:
+        void writeRun(TestRunNode const& testRunNode, double suiteTime);
+
+        void writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode);
+
+        void writeSection( std::string const& className,
+                           std::string const& rootName,
+                           SectionNode const& sectionNode,
+                           bool testOkToFail );
+
+        void writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode);
+        void writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats);
+
+        XmlWriter xml;
+        Timer suiteTimer;
+        std::string stdOutForSuite;
+        std::string stdErrForSuite;
+        unsigned int unexpectedExceptions = 0;
+        bool m_okToFail = false;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_JUNIT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_MULTI_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_MULTI_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class MultiReporter final : public IEventListener {
+        /*
+         * Stores all added reporters and listeners
+         *
+         * All Listeners are stored before all reporters, and individual
+         * listeners/reporters are stored in order of insertion.
+         */
+        std::vector<IEventListenerPtr> m_reporterLikes;
+        bool m_haveNoncapturingReporters = false;
+
+        // Keep track of how many listeners we have already inserted,
+        // so that we can insert them into the main vector at the right place
+        size_t m_insertedListeners = 0;
+
+        void updatePreferences(IEventListener const& reporterish);
+
+    public:
+        using IEventListener::IEventListener;
+
+        void addListener( IEventListenerPtr&& listener );
+        void addReporter( IEventListenerPtr&& reporter );
+
+    public: // IEventListener
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) override;
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+        void testCasePartialStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo, uint64_t partNumber) override;
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded(TestCaseStats const& testStats, uint64_t partNumber) override;
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override;
+
+        void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) override;
+        void listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) override;
+
+
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_MULTI_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRARS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRARS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <typename T, typename = void>
+        struct has_description : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct has_description<
+            T,
+            void_t<decltype( T::getDescription() )>>
+            : std::true_type {};
+
+        //! Indirection for reporter registration, so that the error handling is
+        //! independent on the reporter's concrete type
+        void registerReporterImpl( std::string const& name,
+                                   IReporterFactoryPtr reporterPtr );
+        //! Actually registers the factory, independent on listener's concrete type
+        void registerListenerImpl( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> listenerFactory );
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ReporterFactory : public IReporterFactory {
+
+        IEventListenerPtr create( ReporterConfig&& config ) const override {
+            return Detail::make_unique<T>( CATCH_MOVE(config) );
+        }
+
+        std::string getDescription() const override {
+            return T::getDescription();
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class ReporterRegistrar {
+    public:
+        explicit ReporterRegistrar( std::string const& name ) {
+            registerReporterImpl( name,
+                                  Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<T>>() );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class ListenerRegistrar {
+
+        class TypedListenerFactory : public EventListenerFactory {
+            StringRef m_listenerName;
+
+            std::string getDescriptionImpl( std::true_type ) const {
+                return T::getDescription();
+            }
+
+            std::string getDescriptionImpl( std::false_type ) const {
+                return "(No description provided)";
+            }
+
+        public:
+            TypedListenerFactory( StringRef listenerName ):
+                m_listenerName( listenerName ) {}
+
+            IEventListenerPtr create( IConfig const* config ) const override {
+                return Detail::make_unique<T>( config );
+            }
+
+            StringRef getName() const override {
+                return m_listenerName;
+            }
+
+            std::string getDescription() const override {
+                return getDescriptionImpl( Detail::has_description<T>{} );
+            }
+        };
+
+    public:
+        ListenerRegistrar(StringRef listenerName) {
+            registerListenerImpl( Detail::make_unique<TypedListenerFactory>(listenerName) );
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+#    define CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( name, reporterType )                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                              \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                               \
+        namespace {                                                            \
+            Catch::ReporterRegistrar<reporterType> INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( \
+                catch_internal_RegistrarFor )( name );                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#    define CATCH_REGISTER_LISTENER( listenerType )                            \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                              \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                               \
+        namespace {                                                            \
+            Catch::ListenerRegistrar<listenerType> INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( \
+                catch_internal_RegistrarFor )( #listenerType##_catch_sr );     \
+        }                                                                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#else // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, reporterType)
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_LISTENER(listenerType)
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRARS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_SONARQUBE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_SONARQUBE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class SonarQubeReporter final : public CumulativeReporterBase {
+    public:
+        SonarQubeReporter(ReporterConfig&& config)
+        : CumulativeReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(config))
+        , xml(m_stream) {
+            m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+            m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+            m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions = false;
+        }
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results in the Generic Test Data SonarQube XML format"s;
+        }
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+
+        void testRunEndedCumulative() override {
+            writeRun( *m_testRun );
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void writeRun( TestRunNode const& runNode );
+
+        void writeTestFile(StringRef filename, std::vector<TestCaseNode const*> const& testCaseNodes);
+
+        void writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode);
+
+        void writeSection(std::string const& rootName, SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail);
+
+        void writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail);
+
+        void writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats, bool okToFail);
+
+    private:
+        XmlWriter xml;
+    };
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_SONARQUBE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class TAPReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        TAPReporter( ReporterConfig&& config ):
+            StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(config) ) {
+            m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+        }
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results in TAP format, suitable for test harnesses"s;
+        }
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
+
+    private:
+        std::size_t counter = 0;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#   pragma clang diagnostic push
+#   pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class TeamCityReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        TeamCityReporter( ReporterConfig&& _config )
+        :   StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(_config) )
+        {
+            m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        }
+
+        ~TeamCityReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results as TeamCity service messages"s;
+        }
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& runStats ) override;
+
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& sectionInfo) override {
+            m_headerPrintedForThisSection = false;
+            StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        }
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
+
+    private:
+        void printSectionHeader(std::ostream& os);
+
+        bool m_headerPrintedForThisSection = false;
+        Timer m_testTimer;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#   pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_XML_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_XML_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class XmlReporter : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        XmlReporter(ReporterConfig&& _config);
+
+        ~XmlReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        virtual std::string getStylesheetRef() const;
+
+        void writeSourceInfo(SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo);
+
+    public: // StreamingReporterBase
+
+        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& testInfo) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& sectionInfo) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& sectionStats) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& testRunStats) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const&) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const&) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) override;
+        void listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) override;
+
+    private:
+        Timer m_testCaseTimer;
+        XmlWriter m_xml;
+        int m_sectionDepth = 0;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_XML_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#endif // CATCH_AMALGAMATED_HPP_INCLUDED
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/main.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/main.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6bc0deb
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,11638 @@
+
+//              Copyright Catch2 Authors
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//   (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+//        https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSL-1.0
+
+//  Catch v3.6.0
+//  Generated: 2024-05-05 20:53:27.562886
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+//  This file is an amalgamation of multiple different files.
+//  You probably shouldn't edit it directly.
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+// We might end up with the define made globally through the compiler,
+// and we don't want to trigger warnings for this
+#if !defined(NOMINMAX)
+#  define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#if !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
+#  define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#endif // defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+#endif // CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            ChronometerConcept::~ChronometerConcept() = default;
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            SampleAnalysis analyse(const IConfig &cfg, FDuration* first, FDuration* last) {
+                if (!cfg.benchmarkNoAnalysis()) {
+                    std::vector<double> samples;
+                    samples.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(last - first));
+                    for (auto current = first; current != last; ++current) {
+                        samples.push_back( current->count() );
+                    }
+
+                    auto analysis = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::analyse_samples(
+                        cfg.benchmarkConfidenceInterval(),
+                        cfg.benchmarkResamples(),
+                        samples.data(),
+                        samples.data() + samples.size() );
+                    auto outliers = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::classify_outliers(
+                        samples.data(), samples.data() + samples.size() );
+
+                    auto wrap_estimate = [](Estimate<double> e) {
+                        return Estimate<FDuration> {
+                            FDuration(e.point),
+                                FDuration(e.lower_bound),
+                                FDuration(e.upper_bound),
+                                e.confidence_interval,
+                        };
+                    };
+                    std::vector<FDuration> samples2;
+                    samples2.reserve(samples.size());
+                    for (auto s : samples) {
+                        samples2.push_back( FDuration( s ) );
+                    }
+
+                    return {
+                        CATCH_MOVE(samples2),
+                        wrap_estimate(analysis.mean),
+                        wrap_estimate(analysis.standard_deviation),
+                        outliers,
+                        analysis.outlier_variance,
+                    };
+                } else {
+                    std::vector<FDuration> samples;
+                    samples.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(last - first));
+
+                    FDuration mean = FDuration(0);
+                    int i = 0;
+                    for (auto it = first; it < last; ++it, ++i) {
+                        samples.push_back(*it);
+                        mean += *it;
+                    }
+                    mean /= i;
+
+                    return SampleAnalysis{
+                        CATCH_MOVE(samples),
+                        Estimate<FDuration>{ mean, mean, mean, 0.0 },
+                        Estimate<FDuration>{ FDuration( 0 ),
+                                             FDuration( 0 ),
+                                             FDuration( 0 ),
+                                             0.0 },
+                        OutlierClassification{},
+                        0.0
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            BenchmarkFunction::callable::~callable() = default;
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct optimized_away_error : std::exception {
+                const char* what() const noexcept override;
+            };
+
+            const char* optimized_away_error::what() const noexcept {
+                return "could not measure benchmark, maybe it was optimized away";
+            }
+
+            void throw_optimized_away_error() {
+                Catch::throw_exception(optimized_away_error{});
+            }
+
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <random>
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
+#include <future>
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            namespace {
+
+                template <typename URng, typename Estimator>
+                static sample
+                resample( URng& rng,
+                          unsigned int resamples,
+                          double const* first,
+                          double const* last,
+                          Estimator& estimator ) {
+                    auto n = static_cast<size_t>( last - first );
+                    Catch::uniform_integer_distribution<size_t> dist( 0, n - 1 );
+
+                    sample out;
+                    out.reserve( resamples );
+                    std::vector<double> resampled;
+                    resampled.reserve( n );
+                    for ( size_t i = 0; i < resamples; ++i ) {
+                        resampled.clear();
+                        for ( size_t s = 0; s < n; ++s ) {
+                            resampled.push_back( first[dist( rng )] );
+                        }
+                        const auto estimate =
+                            estimator( resampled.data(), resampled.data() + resampled.size() );
+                        out.push_back( estimate );
+                    }
+                    std::sort( out.begin(), out.end() );
+                    return out;
+                }
+
+                static double outlier_variance( Estimate<double> mean,
+                                                Estimate<double> stddev,
+                                                int n ) {
+                    double sb = stddev.point;
+                    double mn = mean.point / n;
+                    double mg_min = mn / 2.;
+                    double sg = (std::min)( mg_min / 4., sb / std::sqrt( n ) );
+                    double sg2 = sg * sg;
+                    double sb2 = sb * sb;
+
+                    auto c_max = [n, mn, sb2, sg2]( double x ) -> double {
+                        double k = mn - x;
+                        double d = k * k;
+                        double nd = n * d;
+                        double k0 = -n * nd;
+                        double k1 = sb2 - n * sg2 + nd;
+                        double det = k1 * k1 - 4 * sg2 * k0;
+                        return static_cast<int>( -2. * k0 /
+                                                 ( k1 + std::sqrt( det ) ) );
+                    };
+
+                    auto var_out = [n, sb2, sg2]( double c ) {
+                        double nc = n - c;
+                        return ( nc / n ) * ( sb2 - nc * sg2 );
+                    };
+
+                    return (std::min)( var_out( 1 ),
+                                       var_out(
+                                           (std::min)( c_max( 0. ),
+                                                       c_max( mg_min ) ) ) ) /
+                           sb2;
+                }
+
+                static double erf_inv( double x ) {
+                    // Code accompanying the article "Approximating the erfinv
+                    // function" in GPU Computing Gems, Volume 2
+                    double w, p;
+
+                    w = -log( ( 1.0 - x ) * ( 1.0 + x ) );
+
+                    if ( w < 6.250000 ) {
+                        w = w - 3.125000;
+                        p = -3.6444120640178196996e-21;
+                        p = -1.685059138182016589e-19 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.2858480715256400167e-18 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.115787767802518096e-17 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.333171662854620906e-16 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.0972767875968561637e-17 + p * w;
+                        p = 6.6376381343583238325e-15 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.0545662729752068639e-14 + p * w;
+                        p = -8.1519341976054721522e-14 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.6335093153082322977e-12 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.2975133253453532498e-11 + p * w;
+                        p = -5.4154120542946279317e-11 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.051212273321532285e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.1126339803469836976e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -2.9070369957882005086e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 4.2347877827932403518e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.3654692000834678645e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.3882523362786468719e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.0001867342080340571352 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.00074070253416626697512 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0060336708714301490533 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.24015818242558961693 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.6536545626831027356 + p * w;
+                    } else if ( w < 16.000000 ) {
+                        w = sqrt( w ) - 3.250000;
+                        p = 2.2137376921775787049e-09;
+                        p = 9.0756561938885390979e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = -2.7517406297064545428e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.8239629214389227755e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.5027403968909827627e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.013867526981545969e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.9234449089955446044e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.2475304481671778723e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.7318229009055733981e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 6.8284851459573175448e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.4031110387097893999e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0003550375203628474796 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.00095328937973738049703 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0016882755560235047313 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.0024914420961078508066 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0037512085075692412107 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.005370914553590063617 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.0052589676941592334 + p * w;
+                        p = 3.0838856104922207635 + p * w;
+                    } else {
+                        w = sqrt( w ) - 5.000000;
+                        p = -2.7109920616438573243e-11;
+                        p = -2.5556418169965252055e-10 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.5076572693500548083e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -3.7894654401267369937e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = 7.6157012080783393804e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.4960026627149240478e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.9147953450901080826e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = -6.7711997758452339498e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.2900482228026654717e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = -9.9298272942317002539e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = 4.5260625972231537039e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.9681778105531670567e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 7.5995277030017761139e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.00021503011930044477347 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.00013871931833623122026 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.0103004648645343977 + p * w;
+                        p = 4.8499064014085844221 + p * w;
+                    }
+                    return p * x;
+                }
+
+                static double
+                standard_deviation( double const* first, double const* last ) {
+                    auto m = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::mean( first, last );
+                    double variance =
+                        std::accumulate( first,
+                                         last,
+                                         0.,
+                                         [m]( double a, double b ) {
+                                             double diff = b - m;
+                                             return a + diff * diff;
+                                         } ) /
+                        ( last - first );
+                    return std::sqrt( variance );
+                }
+
+                static sample jackknife( double ( *estimator )( double const*,
+                                                                double const* ),
+                                         double* first,
+                                         double* last ) {
+                    const auto second = first + 1;
+                    sample results;
+                    results.reserve( static_cast<size_t>( last - first ) );
+
+                    for ( auto it = first; it != last; ++it ) {
+                        std::iter_swap( it, first );
+                        results.push_back( estimator( second, last ) );
+                    }
+
+                    return results;
+                }
+
+
+            } // namespace
+        }     // namespace Detail
+    }         // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+
+            double weighted_average_quantile( int k,
+                                              int q,
+                                              double* first,
+                                              double* last ) {
+                auto count = last - first;
+                double idx = (count - 1) * k / static_cast<double>(q);
+                int j = static_cast<int>(idx);
+                double g = idx - j;
+                std::nth_element(first, first + j, last);
+                auto xj = first[j];
+                if ( Catch::Detail::directCompare( g, 0 ) ) {
+                    return xj;
+                }
+
+                auto xj1 = *std::min_element(first + (j + 1), last);
+                return xj + g * (xj1 - xj);
+            }
+
+            OutlierClassification
+            classify_outliers( double const* first, double const* last ) {
+                std::vector<double> copy( first, last );
+
+                auto q1 = weighted_average_quantile( 1, 4, copy.data(), copy.data() + copy.size() );
+                auto q3 = weighted_average_quantile( 3, 4, copy.data(), copy.data() + copy.size() );
+                auto iqr = q3 - q1;
+                auto los = q1 - ( iqr * 3. );
+                auto lom = q1 - ( iqr * 1.5 );
+                auto him = q3 + ( iqr * 1.5 );
+                auto his = q3 + ( iqr * 3. );
+
+                OutlierClassification o;
+                for ( ; first != last; ++first ) {
+                    const double t = *first;
+                    if ( t < los ) {
+                        ++o.low_severe;
+                    } else if ( t < lom ) {
+                        ++o.low_mild;
+                    } else if ( t > his ) {
+                        ++o.high_severe;
+                    } else if ( t > him ) {
+                        ++o.high_mild;
+                    }
+                    ++o.samples_seen;
+                }
+                return o;
+            }
+
+            double mean( double const* first, double const* last ) {
+                auto count = last - first;
+                double sum = 0.;
+                while (first != last) {
+                    sum += *first;
+                    ++first;
+                }
+                return sum / static_cast<double>(count);
+            }
+
+            double normal_cdf( double x ) {
+                return std::erfc( -x / std::sqrt( 2.0 ) ) / 2.0;
+            }
+
+            double erfc_inv(double x) {
+                return erf_inv(1.0 - x);
+            }
+
+            double normal_quantile(double p) {
+                static const double ROOT_TWO = std::sqrt(2.0);
+
+                double result = 0.0;
+                assert(p >= 0 && p <= 1);
+                if (p < 0 || p > 1) {
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                result = -erfc_inv(2.0 * p);
+                // result *= normal distribution standard deviation (1.0) * sqrt(2)
+                result *= /*sd * */ ROOT_TWO;
+                // result += normal disttribution mean (0)
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            Estimate<double>
+            bootstrap( double confidence_level,
+                       double* first,
+                       double* last,
+                       sample const& resample,
+                       double ( *estimator )( double const*, double const* ) ) {
+                auto n_samples = last - first;
+
+                double point = estimator( first, last );
+                // Degenerate case with a single sample
+                if ( n_samples == 1 )
+                    return { point, point, point, confidence_level };
+
+                sample jack = jackknife( estimator, first, last );
+                double jack_mean =
+                    mean( jack.data(), jack.data() + jack.size() );
+                double sum_squares = 0, sum_cubes = 0;
+                for ( double x : jack ) {
+                    auto difference = jack_mean - x;
+                    auto square = difference * difference;
+                    auto cube = square * difference;
+                    sum_squares += square;
+                    sum_cubes += cube;
+                }
+
+                double accel = sum_cubes / ( 6 * std::pow( sum_squares, 1.5 ) );
+                long n = static_cast<long>( resample.size() );
+                double prob_n =
+                    std::count_if( resample.begin(),
+                                   resample.end(),
+                                   [point]( double x ) { return x < point; } ) /
+                    static_cast<double>( n );
+                // degenerate case with uniform samples
+                if ( Catch::Detail::directCompare( prob_n, 0. ) ) {
+                    return { point, point, point, confidence_level };
+                }
+
+                double bias = normal_quantile( prob_n );
+                double z1 = normal_quantile( ( 1. - confidence_level ) / 2. );
+
+                auto cumn = [n]( double x ) -> long {
+                    return std::lround( normal_cdf( x ) *
+                                        static_cast<double>( n ) );
+                };
+                auto a = [bias, accel]( double b ) {
+                    return bias + b / ( 1. - accel * b );
+                };
+                double b1 = bias + z1;
+                double b2 = bias - z1;
+                double a1 = a( b1 );
+                double a2 = a( b2 );
+                auto lo = static_cast<size_t>( (std::max)( cumn( a1 ), 0l ) );
+                auto hi =
+                    static_cast<size_t>( (std::min)( cumn( a2 ), n - 1 ) );
+
+                return { point, resample[lo], resample[hi], confidence_level };
+            }
+
+            bootstrap_analysis analyse_samples(double confidence_level,
+                                               unsigned int n_resamples,
+                                               double* first,
+                                               double* last) {
+                auto mean = &Detail::mean;
+                auto stddev = &standard_deviation;
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
+                auto Estimate = [=](double(*f)(double const*, double const*)) {
+                    std::random_device rd;
+                    auto seed = rd();
+                    return std::async(std::launch::async, [=] {
+                        SimplePcg32 rng( seed );
+                        auto resampled = resample(rng, n_resamples, first, last, f);
+                        return bootstrap(confidence_level, first, last, resampled, f);
+                    });
+                };
+
+                auto mean_future = Estimate(mean);
+                auto stddev_future = Estimate(stddev);
+
+                auto mean_estimate = mean_future.get();
+                auto stddev_estimate = stddev_future.get();
+#else
+                auto Estimate = [=](double(*f)(double const* , double const*)) {
+                    std::random_device rd;
+                    auto seed = rd();
+                    SimplePcg32 rng( seed );
+                    auto resampled = resample(rng, n_resamples, first, last, f);
+                    return bootstrap(confidence_level, first, last, resampled, f);
+                };
+
+                auto mean_estimate = Estimate(mean);
+                auto stddev_estimate = Estimate(stddev);
+#endif // CATCH_USE_ASYNC
+
+                auto n = static_cast<int>(last - first); // seriously, one can't use integral types without hell in C++
+                double outlier_variance = Detail::outlier_variance(mean_estimate, stddev_estimate, n);
+
+                return { mean_estimate, stddev_estimate, outlier_variance };
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace {
+
+// Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
+// But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
+bool marginComparison(double lhs, double rhs, double margin) {
+    return (lhs + margin >= rhs) && (rhs + margin >= lhs);
+}
+
+}
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Approx::Approx ( double value )
+    :   m_epsilon( static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon())*100. ),
+        m_margin( 0.0 ),
+        m_scale( 0.0 ),
+        m_value( value )
+    {}
+
+    Approx Approx::custom() {
+        return Approx( 0 );
+    }
+
+    Approx Approx::operator-() const {
+        auto temp(*this);
+        temp.m_value = -temp.m_value;
+        return temp;
+    }
+
+
+    std::string Approx::toString() const {
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << "Approx( " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_value ) << " )";
+        return rss.str();
+    }
+
+    bool Approx::equalityComparisonImpl(const double other) const {
+        // First try with fixed margin, then compute margin based on epsilon, scale and Approx's value
+        // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining the scaled margin value
+        return marginComparison(m_value, other, m_margin)
+            || marginComparison(m_value, other, m_epsilon * (m_scale + std::fabs(std::isinf(m_value)? 0 : m_value)));
+    }
+
+    void Approx::setMargin(double newMargin) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(newMargin >= 0,
+            "Invalid Approx::margin: " << newMargin << '.'
+            << " Approx::Margin has to be non-negative.");
+        m_margin = newMargin;
+    }
+
+    void Approx::setEpsilon(double newEpsilon) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(newEpsilon >= 0 && newEpsilon <= 1.0,
+            "Invalid Approx::epsilon: " << newEpsilon << '.'
+            << " Approx::epsilon has to be in [0, 1]");
+        m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+    }
+
+namespace literals {
+    Approx operator ""_a(long double val) {
+        return Approx(val);
+    }
+    Approx operator ""_a(unsigned long long val) {
+        return Approx(val);
+    }
+} // end namespace literals
+
+std::string StringMaker<Catch::Approx>::convert(Catch::Approx const& value) {
+    return value.toString();
+}
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    AssertionResultData::AssertionResultData(ResultWas::OfType _resultType, LazyExpression const & _lazyExpression):
+        lazyExpression(_lazyExpression),
+        resultType(_resultType) {}
+
+    std::string AssertionResultData::reconstructExpression() const {
+
+        if( reconstructedExpression.empty() ) {
+            if( lazyExpression ) {
+                ReusableStringStream rss;
+                rss << lazyExpression;
+                reconstructedExpression = rss.str();
+            }
+        }
+        return reconstructedExpression;
+    }
+
+    AssertionResult::AssertionResult( AssertionInfo const& info, AssertionResultData&& data )
+    :   m_info( info ),
+        m_resultData( CATCH_MOVE(data) )
+    {}
+
+    // Result was a success
+    bool AssertionResult::succeeded() const {
+        return Catch::isOk( m_resultData.resultType );
+    }
+
+    // Result was a success, or failure is suppressed
+    bool AssertionResult::isOk() const {
+        return Catch::isOk( m_resultData.resultType ) || shouldSuppressFailure( m_info.resultDisposition );
+    }
+
+    ResultWas::OfType AssertionResult::getResultType() const {
+        return m_resultData.resultType;
+    }
+
+    bool AssertionResult::hasExpression() const {
+        return !m_info.capturedExpression.empty();
+    }
+
+    bool AssertionResult::hasMessage() const {
+        return !m_resultData.message.empty();
+    }
+
+    std::string AssertionResult::getExpression() const {
+        // Possibly overallocating by 3 characters should be basically free
+        std::string expr; expr.reserve(m_info.capturedExpression.size() + 3);
+        if (isFalseTest(m_info.resultDisposition)) {
+            expr += "!(";
+        }
+        expr += m_info.capturedExpression;
+        if (isFalseTest(m_info.resultDisposition)) {
+            expr += ')';
+        }
+        return expr;
+    }
+
+    std::string AssertionResult::getExpressionInMacro() const {
+        if ( m_info.macroName.empty() ) {
+            return static_cast<std::string>( m_info.capturedExpression );
+        }
+        std::string expr;
+        expr.reserve( m_info.macroName.size() + m_info.capturedExpression.size() + 4 );
+        expr += m_info.macroName;
+        expr += "( ";
+        expr += m_info.capturedExpression;
+        expr += " )";
+        return expr;
+    }
+
+    bool AssertionResult::hasExpandedExpression() const {
+        return hasExpression() && getExpandedExpression() != getExpression();
+    }
+
+    std::string AssertionResult::getExpandedExpression() const {
+        std::string expr = m_resultData.reconstructExpression();
+        return expr.empty()
+                ? getExpression()
+                : expr;
+    }
+
+    StringRef AssertionResult::getMessage() const {
+        return m_resultData.message;
+    }
+    SourceLineInfo AssertionResult::getSourceInfo() const {
+        return m_info.lineInfo;
+    }
+
+    StringRef AssertionResult::getTestMacroName() const {
+        return m_info.macroName;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static bool enableBazelEnvSupport() {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_BAZEL_SUPPORT )
+            return true;
+#else
+            return Detail::getEnv( "BAZEL_TEST" ) != nullptr;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        struct bazelShardingOptions {
+            unsigned int shardIndex, shardCount;
+            std::string shardFilePath;
+        };
+
+        static Optional<bazelShardingOptions> readBazelShardingOptions() {
+            const auto bazelShardIndex = Detail::getEnv( "TEST_SHARD_INDEX" );
+            const auto bazelShardTotal = Detail::getEnv( "TEST_TOTAL_SHARDS" );
+            const auto bazelShardInfoFile = Detail::getEnv( "TEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE" );
+
+
+            const bool has_all =
+                bazelShardIndex && bazelShardTotal && bazelShardInfoFile;
+            if ( !has_all ) {
+                // We provide nice warning message if the input is
+                // misconfigured.
+                auto warn = []( const char* env_var ) {
+                    Catch::cerr()
+                        << "Warning: Bazel shard configuration is missing '"
+                        << env_var << "'. Shard configuration is skipped.\n";
+                };
+                if ( !bazelShardIndex ) {
+                    warn( "TEST_SHARD_INDEX" );
+                }
+                if ( !bazelShardTotal ) {
+                    warn( "TEST_TOTAL_SHARDS" );
+                }
+                if ( !bazelShardInfoFile ) {
+                    warn( "TEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE" );
+                }
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            auto shardIndex = parseUInt( bazelShardIndex );
+            if ( !shardIndex ) {
+                Catch::cerr()
+                    << "Warning: could not parse 'TEST_SHARD_INDEX' ('" << bazelShardIndex
+                    << "') as unsigned int.\n";
+                return {};
+            }
+            auto shardTotal = parseUInt( bazelShardTotal );
+            if ( !shardTotal ) {
+                Catch::cerr()
+                    << "Warning: could not parse 'TEST_TOTAL_SHARD' ('"
+                    << bazelShardTotal << "') as unsigned int.\n";
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            return bazelShardingOptions{
+                *shardIndex, *shardTotal, bazelShardInfoFile };
+
+        }
+    } // end namespace
+
+
+    bool operator==( ProcessedReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                     ProcessedReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+        return lhs.name == rhs.name &&
+               lhs.outputFilename == rhs.outputFilename &&
+               lhs.colourMode == rhs.colourMode &&
+               lhs.customOptions == rhs.customOptions;
+    }
+
+    Config::Config( ConfigData const& data ):
+        m_data( data ) {
+        // We need to trim filter specs to avoid trouble with superfluous
+        // whitespace (esp. important for bdd macros, as those are manually
+        // aligned with whitespace).
+
+        for (auto& elem : m_data.testsOrTags) {
+            elem = trim(elem);
+        }
+        for (auto& elem : m_data.sectionsToRun) {
+            elem = trim(elem);
+        }
+
+        // Insert the default reporter if user hasn't asked for a specific one
+        if ( m_data.reporterSpecifications.empty() ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER )
+            const auto default_spec = CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER;
+#else
+            const auto default_spec = "console";
+#endif
+            auto parsed = parseReporterSpec(default_spec);
+            CATCH_ENFORCE( parsed,
+                           "Cannot parse the provided default reporter spec: '"
+                               << default_spec << '\'' );
+            m_data.reporterSpecifications.push_back( std::move( *parsed ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( enableBazelEnvSupport() ) {
+            readBazelEnvVars();
+        }
+
+        // Bazel support can modify the test specs, so parsing has to happen
+        // after reading Bazel env vars.
+        TestSpecParser parser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() );
+        if ( !m_data.testsOrTags.empty() ) {
+            m_hasTestFilters = true;
+            for ( auto const& testOrTags : m_data.testsOrTags ) {
+                parser.parse( testOrTags );
+            }
+        }
+        m_testSpec = parser.testSpec();
+
+
+        // We now fixup the reporter specs to handle default output spec,
+        // default colour spec, etc
+        bool defaultOutputUsed = false;
+        for ( auto const& reporterSpec : m_data.reporterSpecifications ) {
+            // We do the default-output check separately, while always
+            // using the default output below to make the code simpler
+            // and avoid superfluous copies.
+            if ( reporterSpec.outputFile().none() ) {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( !defaultOutputUsed,
+                               "Internal error: cannot use default output for "
+                               "multiple reporters" );
+                defaultOutputUsed = true;
+            }
+
+            m_processedReporterSpecs.push_back( ProcessedReporterSpec{
+                reporterSpec.name(),
+                reporterSpec.outputFile() ? *reporterSpec.outputFile()
+                                          : data.defaultOutputFilename,
+                reporterSpec.colourMode().valueOr( data.defaultColourMode ),
+                reporterSpec.customOptions() } );
+        }
+    }
+
+    Config::~Config() = default;
+
+
+    bool Config::listTests() const          { return m_data.listTests; }
+    bool Config::listTags() const           { return m_data.listTags; }
+    bool Config::listReporters() const      { return m_data.listReporters; }
+    bool Config::listListeners() const      { return m_data.listListeners; }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getTestsOrTags() const { return m_data.testsOrTags; }
+    std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getSectionsToRun() const { return m_data.sectionsToRun; }
+
+    std::vector<ReporterSpec> const& Config::getReporterSpecs() const {
+        return m_data.reporterSpecifications;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ProcessedReporterSpec> const&
+    Config::getProcessedReporterSpecs() const {
+        return m_processedReporterSpecs;
+    }
+
+    TestSpec const& Config::testSpec() const { return m_testSpec; }
+    bool Config::hasTestFilters() const { return m_hasTestFilters; }
+
+    bool Config::showHelp() const { return m_data.showHelp; }
+
+    // IConfig interface
+    bool Config::allowThrows() const                   { return !m_data.noThrow; }
+    StringRef Config::name() const { return m_data.name.empty() ? m_data.processName : m_data.name; }
+    bool Config::includeSuccessfulResults() const      { return m_data.showSuccessfulTests; }
+    bool Config::warnAboutMissingAssertions() const {
+        return !!( m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoAssertions );
+    }
+    bool Config::warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() const {
+        return !!( m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::UnmatchedTestSpec );
+    }
+    bool Config::zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() const       { return m_data.allowZeroTests; }
+    ShowDurations Config::showDurations() const        { return m_data.showDurations; }
+    double Config::minDuration() const                 { return m_data.minDuration; }
+    TestRunOrder Config::runOrder() const              { return m_data.runOrder; }
+    uint32_t Config::rngSeed() const                   { return m_data.rngSeed; }
+    unsigned int Config::shardCount() const            { return m_data.shardCount; }
+    unsigned int Config::shardIndex() const            { return m_data.shardIndex; }
+    ColourMode Config::defaultColourMode() const       { return m_data.defaultColourMode; }
+    bool Config::shouldDebugBreak() const              { return m_data.shouldDebugBreak; }
+    int Config::abortAfter() const                     { return m_data.abortAfter; }
+    bool Config::showInvisibles() const                { return m_data.showInvisibles; }
+    Verbosity Config::verbosity() const                { return m_data.verbosity; }
+
+    bool Config::skipBenchmarks() const                           { return m_data.skipBenchmarks; }
+    bool Config::benchmarkNoAnalysis() const                      { return m_data.benchmarkNoAnalysis; }
+    unsigned int Config::benchmarkSamples() const                 { return m_data.benchmarkSamples; }
+    double Config::benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const            { return m_data.benchmarkConfidenceInterval; }
+    unsigned int Config::benchmarkResamples() const               { return m_data.benchmarkResamples; }
+    std::chrono::milliseconds Config::benchmarkWarmupTime() const { return std::chrono::milliseconds(m_data.benchmarkWarmupTime); }
+
+    void Config::readBazelEnvVars() {
+        // Register a JUnit reporter for Bazel. Bazel sets an environment
+        // variable with the path to XML output. If this file is written to
+        // during test, Bazel will not generate a default XML output.
+        // This allows the XML output file to contain higher level of detail
+        // than what is possible otherwise.
+        const auto bazelOutputFile = Detail::getEnv( "XML_OUTPUT_FILE" );
+
+        if ( bazelOutputFile ) {
+            m_data.reporterSpecifications.push_back(
+                { "junit", std::string( bazelOutputFile ), {}, {} } );
+        }
+
+        const auto bazelTestSpec = Detail::getEnv( "TESTBRIDGE_TEST_ONLY" );
+        if ( bazelTestSpec ) {
+            // Presumably the test spec from environment should overwrite
+            // the one we got from CLI (if we got any)
+            m_data.testsOrTags.clear();
+            m_data.testsOrTags.push_back( bazelTestSpec );
+        }
+
+        const auto bazelShardOptions = readBazelShardingOptions();
+        if ( bazelShardOptions ) {
+            std::ofstream f( bazelShardOptions->shardFilePath,
+                             std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::trunc );
+            if ( f.is_open() ) {
+                f << "";
+                m_data.shardIndex = bazelShardOptions->shardIndex;
+                m_data.shardCount = bazelShardOptions->shardCount;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    std::uint32_t getSeed() {
+        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->rngSeed();
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stack>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    ScopedMessage::ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ):
+        m_info( CATCH_MOVE(builder.m_info) ) {
+        m_info.message = builder.m_stream.str();
+        getResultCapture().pushScopedMessage( m_info );
+    }
+
+    ScopedMessage::ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage&& old ) noexcept:
+        m_info( CATCH_MOVE( old.m_info ) ) {
+        old.m_moved = true;
+    }
+
+    ScopedMessage::~ScopedMessage() {
+        if ( !uncaught_exceptions() && !m_moved ){
+            getResultCapture().popScopedMessage(m_info);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    Capturer::Capturer( StringRef macroName,
+                        SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                        ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                        StringRef names ):
+        m_resultCapture( getResultCapture() ) {
+        auto trimmed = [&] (size_t start, size_t end) {
+            while (names[start] == ',' || isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(names[start]))) {
+                ++start;
+            }
+            while (names[end] == ',' || isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(names[end]))) {
+                --end;
+            }
+            return names.substr(start, end - start + 1);
+        };
+        auto skipq = [&] (size_t start, char quote) {
+            for (auto i = start + 1; i < names.size() ; ++i) {
+                if (names[i] == quote)
+                    return i;
+                if (names[i] == '\\')
+                    ++i;
+            }
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("CAPTURE parsing encountered unmatched quote");
+        };
+
+        size_t start = 0;
+        std::stack<char> openings;
+        for (size_t pos = 0; pos < names.size(); ++pos) {
+            char c = names[pos];
+            switch (c) {
+            case '[':
+            case '{':
+            case '(':
+            // It is basically impossible to disambiguate between
+            // comparison and start of template args in this context
+//            case '<':
+                openings.push(c);
+                break;
+            case ']':
+            case '}':
+            case ')':
+//           case '>':
+                openings.pop();
+                break;
+            case '"':
+            case '\'':
+                pos = skipq(pos, c);
+                break;
+            case ',':
+                if (start != pos && openings.empty()) {
+                    m_messages.emplace_back(macroName, lineInfo, resultType);
+                    m_messages.back().message = static_cast<std::string>(trimmed(start, pos));
+                    m_messages.back().message += " := ";
+                    start = pos;
+                }
+            default:; // noop
+            }
+        }
+        assert(openings.empty() && "Mismatched openings");
+        m_messages.emplace_back(macroName, lineInfo, resultType);
+        m_messages.back().message = static_cast<std::string>(trimmed(start, names.size() - 1));
+        m_messages.back().message += " := ";
+    }
+    Capturer::~Capturer() {
+        if ( !uncaught_exceptions() ){
+            assert( m_captured == m_messages.size() );
+            for( size_t i = 0; i < m_captured; ++i  )
+                m_resultCapture.popScopedMessage( m_messages[i] );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Capturer::captureValue( size_t index, std::string const& value ) {
+        assert( index < m_messages.size() );
+        m_messages[index].message += value;
+        m_resultCapture.pushScopedMessage( m_messages[index] );
+        m_captured++;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+
+        class RegistryHub : public IRegistryHub,
+                            public IMutableRegistryHub,
+                            private Detail::NonCopyable {
+
+        public: // IRegistryHub
+            RegistryHub() = default;
+            ReporterRegistry const& getReporterRegistry() const override {
+                return m_reporterRegistry;
+            }
+            ITestCaseRegistry const& getTestCaseRegistry() const override {
+                return m_testCaseRegistry;
+            }
+            IExceptionTranslatorRegistry const& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() const override {
+                return m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+            }
+            ITagAliasRegistry const& getTagAliasRegistry() const override {
+                return m_tagAliasRegistry;
+            }
+            StartupExceptionRegistry const& getStartupExceptionRegistry() const override {
+                return m_exceptionRegistry;
+            }
+
+        public: // IMutableRegistryHub
+            void registerReporter( std::string const& name, IReporterFactoryPtr factory ) override {
+                m_reporterRegistry.registerReporter( name, CATCH_MOVE(factory) );
+            }
+            void registerListener( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory ) override {
+                m_reporterRegistry.registerListener( CATCH_MOVE(factory) );
+            }
+            void registerTest( Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>&& testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker>&& invoker ) override {
+                m_testCaseRegistry.registerTest( CATCH_MOVE(testInfo), CATCH_MOVE(invoker) );
+            }
+            void registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) override {
+                m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry.registerTranslator( CATCH_MOVE(translator) );
+            }
+            void registerTagAlias( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) override {
+                m_tagAliasRegistry.add( alias, tag, lineInfo );
+            }
+            void registerStartupException() noexcept override {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+                m_exceptionRegistry.add(std::current_exception());
+#else
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to register active exception under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
+#endif
+            }
+            IMutableEnumValuesRegistry& getMutableEnumValuesRegistry() override {
+                return m_enumValuesRegistry;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            TestRegistry m_testCaseRegistry;
+            ReporterRegistry m_reporterRegistry;
+            ExceptionTranslatorRegistry m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+            TagAliasRegistry m_tagAliasRegistry;
+            StartupExceptionRegistry m_exceptionRegistry;
+            Detail::EnumValuesRegistry m_enumValuesRegistry;
+        };
+    }
+
+    using RegistryHubSingleton = Singleton<RegistryHub, IRegistryHub, IMutableRegistryHub>;
+
+    IRegistryHub const& getRegistryHub() {
+        return RegistryHubSingleton::get();
+    }
+    IMutableRegistryHub& getMutableRegistryHub() {
+        return RegistryHubSingleton::getMutable();
+    }
+    void cleanUp() {
+        cleanupSingletons();
+        cleanUpContext();
+    }
+    std::string translateActiveException() {
+        return getRegistryHub().getExceptionTranslatorRegistry().translateActiveException();
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <exception>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        const int MaxExitCode = 255;
+
+        IEventListenerPtr createReporter(std::string const& reporterName, ReporterConfig&& config) {
+            auto reporter = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().create(reporterName, CATCH_MOVE(config));
+            CATCH_ENFORCE(reporter, "No reporter registered with name: '" << reporterName << '\'');
+
+            return reporter;
+        }
+
+        IEventListenerPtr prepareReporters(Config const* config) {
+            if (Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners().empty()
+                    && config->getProcessedReporterSpecs().size() == 1) {
+                auto const& spec = config->getProcessedReporterSpecs()[0];
+                return createReporter(
+                    spec.name,
+                    ReporterConfig( config,
+                                    makeStream( spec.outputFilename ),
+                                    spec.colourMode,
+                                    spec.customOptions ) );
+            }
+
+            auto multi = Detail::make_unique<MultiReporter>(config);
+
+            auto const& listeners = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners();
+            for (auto const& listener : listeners) {
+                multi->addListener(listener->create(config));
+            }
+
+            for ( auto const& reporterSpec : config->getProcessedReporterSpecs() ) {
+                multi->addReporter( createReporter(
+                    reporterSpec.name,
+                    ReporterConfig( config,
+                                    makeStream( reporterSpec.outputFilename ),
+                                    reporterSpec.colourMode,
+                                    reporterSpec.customOptions ) ) );
+            }
+
+            return multi;
+        }
+
+        class TestGroup {
+        public:
+            explicit TestGroup(IEventListenerPtr&& reporter, Config const* config):
+                m_reporter(reporter.get()),
+                m_config{config},
+                m_context{config, CATCH_MOVE(reporter)} {
+
+                assert( m_config->testSpec().getInvalidSpecs().empty() &&
+                        "Invalid test specs should be handled before running tests" );
+
+                auto const& allTestCases = getAllTestCasesSorted(*m_config);
+                auto const& testSpec = m_config->testSpec();
+                if ( !testSpec.hasFilters() ) {
+                    for ( auto const& test : allTestCases ) {
+                        if ( !test.getTestCaseInfo().isHidden() ) {
+                            m_tests.emplace( &test );
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    m_matches =
+                        testSpec.matchesByFilter( allTestCases, *m_config );
+                    for ( auto const& match : m_matches ) {
+                        m_tests.insert( match.tests.begin(),
+                                        match.tests.end() );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                m_tests = createShard(m_tests, m_config->shardCount(), m_config->shardIndex());
+            }
+
+            Totals execute() {
+                Totals totals;
+                for (auto const& testCase : m_tests) {
+                    if (!m_context.aborting())
+                        totals += m_context.runTest(*testCase);
+                    else
+                        m_reporter->skipTest(testCase->getTestCaseInfo());
+                }
+
+                for (auto const& match : m_matches) {
+                    if (match.tests.empty()) {
+                        m_unmatchedTestSpecs = true;
+                        m_reporter->noMatchingTestCases( match.name );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return totals;
+            }
+
+            bool hadUnmatchedTestSpecs() const {
+                return m_unmatchedTestSpecs;
+            }
+
+
+        private:
+            IEventListener* m_reporter;
+            Config const* m_config;
+            RunContext m_context;
+            std::set<TestCaseHandle const*> m_tests;
+            TestSpec::Matches m_matches;
+            bool m_unmatchedTestSpecs = false;
+        };
+
+        void applyFilenamesAsTags() {
+            for (auto const& testInfo : getRegistryHub().getTestCaseRegistry().getAllInfos()) {
+                testInfo->addFilenameTag();
+            }
+        }
+
+    } // anon namespace
+
+    Session::Session() {
+        static bool alreadyInstantiated = false;
+        if( alreadyInstantiated ) {
+            CATCH_TRY { CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Only one instance of Catch::Session can ever be used" ); }
+            CATCH_CATCH_ALL { getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException(); }
+        }
+
+        // There cannot be exceptions at startup in no-exception mode.
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+        const auto& exceptions = getRegistryHub().getStartupExceptionRegistry().getExceptions();
+        if ( !exceptions.empty() ) {
+            config();
+            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config.get());
+
+            m_startupExceptions = true;
+            auto errStream = makeStream( "%stderr" );
+            auto colourImpl = makeColourImpl(
+                ColourMode::PlatformDefault, errStream.get() );
+            auto guard = colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::Red );
+            errStream->stream() << "Errors occurred during startup!" << '\n';
+            // iterate over all exceptions and notify user
+            for ( const auto& ex_ptr : exceptions ) {
+                try {
+                    std::rethrow_exception(ex_ptr);
+                } catch ( std::exception const& ex ) {
+                    errStream->stream() << TextFlow::Column( ex.what() ).indent(2) << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        alreadyInstantiated = true;
+        m_cli = makeCommandLineParser( m_configData );
+    }
+    Session::~Session() {
+        Catch::cleanUp();
+    }
+
+    void Session::showHelp() const {
+        Catch::cout()
+                << "\nCatch2 v" << libraryVersion() << '\n'
+                << m_cli << '\n'
+                << "For more detailed usage please see the project docs\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+    void Session::libIdentify() {
+        Catch::cout()
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "description: " << "A Catch2 test executable\n"
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "category: " << "testframework\n"
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "framework: " << "Catch2\n"
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "version: " << libraryVersion() << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, char const * const * argv ) {
+        if( m_startupExceptions )
+            return 1;
+
+        auto result = m_cli.parse( Clara::Args( argc, argv ) );
+
+        if( !result ) {
+            config();
+            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config.get());
+            auto errStream = makeStream( "%stderr" );
+            auto colour = makeColourImpl( ColourMode::PlatformDefault, errStream.get() );
+
+            errStream->stream()
+                << colour->guardColour( Colour::Red )
+                << "\nError(s) in input:\n"
+                << TextFlow::Column( result.errorMessage() ).indent( 2 )
+                << "\n\n";
+            errStream->stream() << "Run with -? for usage\n\n" << std::flush;
+            return MaxExitCode;
+        }
+
+        if( m_configData.showHelp )
+            showHelp();
+        if( m_configData.libIdentify )
+            libIdentify();
+
+        m_config.reset();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
+    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, wchar_t const * const * argv ) {
+
+        char **utf8Argv = new char *[ argc ];
+
+        for ( int i = 0; i < argc; ++i ) {
+            int bufSize = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr );
+
+            utf8Argv[ i ] = new char[ bufSize ];
+
+            WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, utf8Argv[i], bufSize, nullptr, nullptr );
+        }
+
+        int returnCode = applyCommandLine( argc, utf8Argv );
+
+        for ( int i = 0; i < argc; ++i )
+            delete [] utf8Argv[ i ];
+
+        delete [] utf8Argv;
+
+        return returnCode;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Session::useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData ) {
+        m_configData = configData;
+        m_config.reset();
+    }
+
+    int Session::run() {
+        if( ( m_configData.waitForKeypress & WaitForKeypress::BeforeStart ) != 0 ) {
+            Catch::cout() << "...waiting for enter/ return before starting\n" << std::flush;
+            static_cast<void>(std::getchar());
+        }
+        int exitCode = runInternal();
+        if( ( m_configData.waitForKeypress & WaitForKeypress::BeforeExit ) != 0 ) {
+            Catch::cout() << "...waiting for enter/ return before exiting, with code: " << exitCode << '\n' << std::flush;
+            static_cast<void>(std::getchar());
+        }
+        return exitCode;
+    }
+
+    Clara::Parser const& Session::cli() const {
+        return m_cli;
+    }
+    void Session::cli( Clara::Parser const& newParser ) {
+        m_cli = newParser;
+    }
+    ConfigData& Session::configData() {
+        return m_configData;
+    }
+    Config& Session::config() {
+        if( !m_config )
+            m_config = Detail::make_unique<Config>( m_configData );
+        return *m_config;
+    }
+
+    int Session::runInternal() {
+        if( m_startupExceptions )
+            return 1;
+
+        if (m_configData.showHelp || m_configData.libIdentify) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        if ( m_configData.shardIndex >= m_configData.shardCount ) {
+            Catch::cerr() << "The shard count (" << m_configData.shardCount
+                          << ") must be greater than the shard index ("
+                          << m_configData.shardIndex << ")\n"
+                          << std::flush;
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            config(); // Force config to be constructed
+
+            seedRng( *m_config );
+
+            if (m_configData.filenamesAsTags) {
+                applyFilenamesAsTags();
+            }
+
+            // Set up global config instance before we start calling into other functions
+            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config.get());
+
+            // Create reporter(s) so we can route listings through them
+            auto reporter = prepareReporters(m_config.get());
+
+            auto const& invalidSpecs = m_config->testSpec().getInvalidSpecs();
+            if ( !invalidSpecs.empty() ) {
+                for ( auto const& spec : invalidSpecs ) {
+                    reporter->reportInvalidTestSpec( spec );
+                }
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+
+            // Handle list request
+            if (list(*reporter, *m_config)) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            TestGroup tests { CATCH_MOVE(reporter), m_config.get() };
+            auto const totals = tests.execute();
+
+            if ( tests.hadUnmatchedTestSpecs()
+                && m_config->warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() ) {
+                return 3;
+            }
+
+            if ( totals.testCases.total() == 0
+                && !m_config->zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() ) {
+                return 2;
+            }
+
+            if ( totals.testCases.total() > 0 &&
+                 totals.testCases.total() == totals.testCases.skipped
+                && !m_config->zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() ) {
+                return 4;
+            }
+
+            // Note that on unices only the lower 8 bits are usually used, clamping
+            // the return value to 255 prevents false negative when some multiple
+            // of 256 tests has failed
+            return (std::min) (MaxExitCode, static_cast<int>(totals.assertions.failed));
+        }
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+        catch( std::exception& ex ) {
+            Catch::cerr() << ex.what() << '\n' << std::flush;
+            return MaxExitCode;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    RegistrarForTagAliases::RegistrarForTagAliases(char const* alias, char const* tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo) {
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerTagAlias(alias, tag, lineInfo);
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead register the exception to be processed later
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        using TCP_underlying_type = uint8_t;
+        static_assert(sizeof(TestCaseProperties) == sizeof(TCP_underlying_type),
+                      "The size of the TestCaseProperties is different from the assumed size");
+
+        TestCaseProperties operator|(TestCaseProperties lhs, TestCaseProperties rhs) {
+            return static_cast<TestCaseProperties>(
+                static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(lhs) | static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(rhs)
+            );
+        }
+
+        TestCaseProperties& operator|=(TestCaseProperties& lhs, TestCaseProperties rhs) {
+            lhs = static_cast<TestCaseProperties>(
+                static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(lhs) | static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(rhs)
+            );
+            return lhs;
+        }
+
+        TestCaseProperties operator&(TestCaseProperties lhs, TestCaseProperties rhs) {
+            return static_cast<TestCaseProperties>(
+                static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(lhs) & static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(rhs)
+            );
+        }
+
+        bool applies(TestCaseProperties tcp) {
+            static_assert(static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(TestCaseProperties::None) == 0,
+                          "TestCaseProperties::None must be equal to 0");
+            return tcp != TestCaseProperties::None;
+        }
+
+        TestCaseProperties parseSpecialTag( StringRef tag ) {
+            if( !tag.empty() && tag[0] == '.' )
+                return TestCaseProperties::IsHidden;
+            else if( tag == "!throws"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::Throws;
+            else if( tag == "!shouldfail"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::ShouldFail;
+            else if( tag == "!mayfail"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::MayFail;
+            else if( tag == "!nonportable"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::NonPortable;
+            else if( tag == "!benchmark"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::Benchmark | TestCaseProperties::IsHidden;
+            else
+                return TestCaseProperties::None;
+        }
+        bool isReservedTag( StringRef tag ) {
+            return parseSpecialTag( tag ) == TestCaseProperties::None
+                && tag.size() > 0
+                && !std::isalnum( static_cast<unsigned char>(tag[0]) );
+        }
+        void enforceNotReservedTag( StringRef tag, SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
+            CATCH_ENFORCE( !isReservedTag(tag),
+                          "Tag name: [" << tag << "] is not allowed.\n"
+                          << "Tag names starting with non alphanumeric characters are reserved\n"
+                          << _lineInfo );
+        }
+
+        std::string makeDefaultName() {
+            static size_t counter = 0;
+            return "Anonymous test case " + std::to_string(++counter);
+        }
+
+        StringRef extractFilenamePart(StringRef filename) {
+            size_t lastDot = filename.size();
+            while (lastDot > 0 && filename[lastDot - 1] != '.') {
+                --lastDot;
+            }
+            // In theory we could have filename without any extension in it
+            if ( lastDot == 0 ) { return StringRef(); }
+
+            --lastDot;
+            size_t nameStart = lastDot;
+            while (nameStart > 0 && filename[nameStart - 1] != '/' && filename[nameStart - 1] != '\\') {
+                --nameStart;
+            }
+
+            return filename.substr(nameStart, lastDot - nameStart);
+        }
+
+        // Returns the upper bound on size of extra tags ([#file]+[.])
+        size_t sizeOfExtraTags(StringRef filepath) {
+            // [.] is 3, [#] is another 3
+            const size_t extras = 3 + 3;
+            return extractFilenamePart(filepath).size() + extras;
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    bool operator<(  Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs ) {
+        Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess cmp;
+        return cmp( lhs.original, rhs.original );
+    }
+    bool operator==( Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs ) {
+        Detail::CaseInsensitiveEqualTo cmp;
+        return cmp( lhs.original, rhs.original );
+    }
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>
+        makeTestCaseInfo(StringRef _className,
+                         NameAndTags const& nameAndTags,
+                         SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
+        return Detail::make_unique<TestCaseInfo>(_className, nameAndTags, _lineInfo);
+    }
+
+    TestCaseInfo::TestCaseInfo(StringRef _className,
+                               NameAndTags const& _nameAndTags,
+                               SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo):
+        name( _nameAndTags.name.empty() ? makeDefaultName() : _nameAndTags.name ),
+        className( _className ),
+        lineInfo( _lineInfo )
+    {
+        StringRef originalTags = _nameAndTags.tags;
+        // We need to reserve enough space to store all of the tags
+        // (including optional hidden tag and filename tag)
+        auto requiredSize = originalTags.size() + sizeOfExtraTags(_lineInfo.file);
+        backingTags.reserve(requiredSize);
+
+        // We cannot copy the tags directly, as we need to normalize
+        // some tags, so that [.foo] is copied as [.][foo].
+        size_t tagStart = 0;
+        size_t tagEnd = 0;
+        bool inTag = false;
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < originalTags.size(); ++idx) {
+            auto c = originalTags[idx];
+            if (c == '[') {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE(
+                    !inTag,
+                    "Found '[' inside a tag while registering test case '"
+                        << _nameAndTags.name << "' at " << _lineInfo );
+
+                inTag = true;
+                tagStart = idx;
+            }
+            if (c == ']') {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE(
+                    inTag,
+                    "Found unmatched ']' while registering test case '"
+                        << _nameAndTags.name << "' at " << _lineInfo );
+
+                inTag = false;
+                tagEnd = idx;
+                assert(tagStart < tagEnd);
+
+                // We need to check the tag for special meanings, copy
+                // it over to backing storage and actually reference the
+                // backing storage in the saved tags
+                StringRef tagStr = originalTags.substr(tagStart+1, tagEnd - tagStart - 1);
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( !tagStr.empty(),
+                               "Found an empty tag while registering test case '"
+                                   << _nameAndTags.name << "' at "
+                                   << _lineInfo );
+
+                enforceNotReservedTag(tagStr, lineInfo);
+                properties |= parseSpecialTag(tagStr);
+                // When copying a tag to the backing storage, we need to
+                // check if it is a merged hide tag, such as [.foo], and
+                // if it is, we need to handle it as if it was [foo].
+                if (tagStr.size() > 1 && tagStr[0] == '.') {
+                    tagStr = tagStr.substr(1, tagStr.size() - 1);
+                }
+                // We skip over dealing with the [.] tag, as we will add
+                // it later unconditionally and then sort and unique all
+                // the tags.
+                internalAppendTag(tagStr);
+            }
+        }
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( !inTag,
+                       "Found an unclosed tag while registering test case '"
+                           << _nameAndTags.name << "' at " << _lineInfo );
+
+
+        // Add [.] if relevant
+        if (isHidden()) {
+            internalAppendTag("."_sr);
+        }
+
+        // Sort and prepare tags
+        std::sort(begin(tags), end(tags));
+        tags.erase(std::unique(begin(tags), end(tags)),
+                   end(tags));
+    }
+
+    bool TestCaseInfo::isHidden() const {
+        return applies( properties & TestCaseProperties::IsHidden );
+    }
+    bool TestCaseInfo::throws() const {
+        return applies( properties & TestCaseProperties::Throws );
+    }
+    bool TestCaseInfo::okToFail() const {
+        return applies( properties & (TestCaseProperties::ShouldFail | TestCaseProperties::MayFail ) );
+    }
+    bool TestCaseInfo::expectedToFail() const {
+        return applies( properties & (TestCaseProperties::ShouldFail) );
+    }
+
+    void TestCaseInfo::addFilenameTag() {
+        std::string combined("#");
+        combined += extractFilenamePart(lineInfo.file);
+        internalAppendTag(combined);
+    }
+
+    std::string TestCaseInfo::tagsAsString() const {
+        std::string ret;
+        // '[' and ']' per tag
+        std::size_t full_size = 2 * tags.size();
+        for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+            full_size += tag.original.size();
+        }
+        ret.reserve(full_size);
+        for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+            ret.push_back('[');
+            ret += tag.original;
+            ret.push_back(']');
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void TestCaseInfo::internalAppendTag(StringRef tagStr) {
+        backingTags += '[';
+        const auto backingStart = backingTags.size();
+        backingTags += tagStr;
+        const auto backingEnd = backingTags.size();
+        backingTags += ']';
+        tags.emplace_back(StringRef(backingTags.c_str() + backingStart, backingEnd - backingStart));
+    }
+
+    bool operator<( TestCaseInfo const& lhs, TestCaseInfo const& rhs ) {
+        // We want to avoid redoing the string comparisons multiple times,
+        // so we store the result of a three-way comparison before using
+        // it in the actual comparison logic.
+        const auto cmpName = lhs.name.compare( rhs.name );
+        if ( cmpName != 0 ) {
+            return cmpName < 0;
+        }
+        const auto cmpClassName = lhs.className.compare( rhs.className );
+        if ( cmpClassName != 0 ) {
+            return cmpClassName < 0;
+        }
+        return lhs.tags < rhs.tags;
+    }
+
+    TestCaseInfo const& TestCaseHandle::getTestCaseInfo() const {
+        return *m_info;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    TestSpec::Pattern::Pattern( std::string const& name )
+    : m_name( name )
+    {}
+
+    TestSpec::Pattern::~Pattern() = default;
+
+    std::string const& TestSpec::Pattern::name() const {
+        return m_name;
+    }
+
+
+    TestSpec::NamePattern::NamePattern( std::string const& name, std::string const& filterString )
+    : Pattern( filterString )
+    , m_wildcardPattern( toLower( name ), CaseSensitive::No )
+    {}
+
+    bool TestSpec::NamePattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        return m_wildcardPattern.matches( testCase.name );
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::NamePattern::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        out << '"' << name() << '"';
+    }
+
+
+    TestSpec::TagPattern::TagPattern( std::string const& tag, std::string const& filterString )
+    : Pattern( filterString )
+    , m_tag( tag )
+    {}
+
+    bool TestSpec::TagPattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        return std::find( begin( testCase.tags ),
+                          end( testCase.tags ),
+                          Tag( m_tag ) ) != end( testCase.tags );
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::TagPattern::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        out << name();
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpec::Filter::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        bool should_use = !testCase.isHidden();
+        for (auto const& pattern : m_required) {
+            should_use = true;
+            if (!pattern->matches(testCase)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto const& pattern : m_forbidden) {
+            if (pattern->matches(testCase)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return should_use;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::Filter::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        bool first = true;
+        for ( auto const& pattern : m_required ) {
+            if ( !first ) {
+                out << ' ';
+            }
+            out << *pattern;
+            first = false;
+        }
+        for ( auto const& pattern : m_forbidden ) {
+            if ( !first ) {
+                out << ' ';
+            }
+            out << *pattern;
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    std::string TestSpec::extractFilterName( Filter const& filter ) {
+        Catch::ReusableStringStream sstr;
+        sstr << filter;
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpec::hasFilters() const {
+        return !m_filters.empty();
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpec::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        return std::any_of( m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), [&]( Filter const& f ){ return f.matches( testCase ); } );
+    }
+
+    TestSpec::Matches TestSpec::matchesByFilter( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, IConfig const& config ) const {
+        Matches matches;
+        matches.reserve( m_filters.size() );
+        for ( auto const& filter : m_filters ) {
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle const*> currentMatches;
+            for ( auto const& test : testCases )
+                if ( isThrowSafe( test, config ) &&
+                     filter.matches( test.getTestCaseInfo() ) )
+                    currentMatches.emplace_back( &test );
+            matches.push_back(
+                FilterMatch{ extractFilterName( filter ), currentMatches } );
+        }
+        return matches;
+    }
+
+    const TestSpec::vectorStrings& TestSpec::getInvalidSpecs() const {
+        return m_invalidSpecs;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        bool first = true;
+        for ( auto const& filter : m_filters ) {
+            if ( !first ) {
+                out << ',';
+            }
+            out << filter;
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static auto getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() -> uint64_t {
+            return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    void Timer::start() {
+       m_nanoseconds = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> uint64_t {
+        return getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() - m_nanoseconds;
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> uint64_t {
+        return getElapsedNanoseconds()/1000;
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedMilliseconds() const -> unsigned int {
+        return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds()/1000);
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedSeconds() const -> double {
+        return getElapsedMicroseconds()/1000000.0;
+    }
+
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace Detail {
+
+    namespace {
+        const int hexThreshold = 255;
+
+        struct Endianness {
+            enum Arch { Big, Little };
+
+            static Arch which() {
+                int one = 1;
+                // If the lowest byte we read is non-zero, we can assume
+                // that little endian format is used.
+                auto value = *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&one);
+                return value ? Little : Big;
+            }
+        };
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::string fpToString(T value, int precision) {
+            if (Catch::isnan(value)) {
+                return "nan";
+            }
+
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << std::setprecision(precision)
+                << std::fixed
+                << value;
+            std::string d = rss.str();
+            std::size_t i = d.find_last_not_of('0');
+            if (i != std::string::npos && i != d.size() - 1) {
+                if (d[i] == '.')
+                    i++;
+                d = d.substr(0, i + 1);
+            }
+            return d;
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    std::string convertIntoString(StringRef string, bool escapeInvisibles) {
+        std::string ret;
+        // This is enough for the "don't escape invisibles" case, and a good
+        // lower bound on the "escape invisibles" case.
+        ret.reserve(string.size() + 2);
+
+        if (!escapeInvisibles) {
+            ret += '"';
+            ret += string;
+            ret += '"';
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        ret += '"';
+        for (char c : string) {
+            switch (c) {
+            case '\r':
+                ret.append("\\r");
+                break;
+            case '\n':
+                ret.append("\\n");
+                break;
+            case '\t':
+                ret.append("\\t");
+                break;
+            case '\f':
+                ret.append("\\f");
+                break;
+            default:
+                ret.push_back(c);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        ret += '"';
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    std::string convertIntoString(StringRef string) {
+        return convertIntoString(string, getCurrentContext().getConfig()->showInvisibles());
+    }
+
+    std::string rawMemoryToString( const void *object, std::size_t size ) {
+        // Reverse order for little endian architectures
+        int i = 0, end = static_cast<int>( size ), inc = 1;
+        if( Endianness::which() == Endianness::Little ) {
+            i = end-1;
+            end = inc = -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned char const *bytes = static_cast<unsigned char const *>(object);
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+        for( ; i != end; i += inc )
+             rss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+       return rss.str();
+    }
+} // end Detail namespace
+
+
+
+//// ======================================================= ////
+//
+//   Out-of-line defs for full specialization of StringMaker
+//
+//// ======================================================= ////
+
+std::string StringMaker<std::string>::convert(const std::string& str) {
+    return Detail::convertIntoString( str );
+}
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+std::string StringMaker<std::string_view>::convert(std::string_view str) {
+    return Detail::convertIntoString( StringRef( str.data(), str.size() ) );
+}
+#endif
+
+std::string StringMaker<char const*>::convert(char const* str) {
+    if (str) {
+        return Detail::convertIntoString( str );
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+std::string StringMaker<char*>::convert(char* str) { // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
+    if (str) {
+        return Detail::convertIntoString( str );
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
+std::string StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(const std::wstring& wstr) {
+    std::string s;
+    s.reserve(wstr.size());
+    for (auto c : wstr) {
+        s += (c <= 0xff) ? static_cast<char>(c) : '?';
+    }
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(s);
+}
+
+# ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+std::string StringMaker<std::wstring_view>::convert(std::wstring_view str) {
+    return StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(std::wstring(str));
+}
+# endif
+
+std::string StringMaker<wchar_t const*>::convert(wchar_t const * str) {
+    if (str) {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::wstring{ str });
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+std::string StringMaker<wchar_t *>::convert(wchar_t * str) {
+    if (str) {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::wstring{ str });
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+#include <cstddef>
+std::string StringMaker<std::byte>::convert(std::byte value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::to_integer<unsigned long long>(value));
+}
+#endif // defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+
+std::string StringMaker<int>::convert(int value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<long>::convert(long value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<long long>::convert(long long value) {
+    ReusableStringStream rss;
+    rss << value;
+    if (value > Detail::hexThreshold) {
+        rss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
+    }
+    return rss.str();
+}
+
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned int>::convert(unsigned int value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned long>::convert(unsigned long value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned long long>::convert(unsigned long long value) {
+    ReusableStringStream rss;
+    rss << value;
+    if (value > Detail::hexThreshold) {
+        rss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
+    }
+    return rss.str();
+}
+
+std::string StringMaker<signed char>::convert(signed char value) {
+    if (value == '\r') {
+        return "'\\r'";
+    } else if (value == '\f') {
+        return "'\\f'";
+    } else if (value == '\n') {
+        return "'\\n'";
+    } else if (value == '\t') {
+        return "'\\t'";
+    } else if ('\0' <= value && value < ' ') {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned int>(value));
+    } else {
+        char chstr[] = "' '";
+        chstr[1] = value;
+        return chstr;
+    }
+}
+std::string StringMaker<char>::convert(char c) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<signed char>(c));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned char>::convert(unsigned char value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<char>(value));
+}
+
+int StringMaker<float>::precision = std::numeric_limits<float>::max_digits10;
+
+std::string StringMaker<float>::convert(float value) {
+    return Detail::fpToString(value, precision) + 'f';
+}
+
+int StringMaker<double>::precision = std::numeric_limits<double>::max_digits10;
+
+std::string StringMaker<double>::convert(double value) {
+    return Detail::fpToString(value, precision);
+}
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Counts Counts::operator - ( Counts const& other ) const {
+        Counts diff;
+        diff.passed = passed - other.passed;
+        diff.failed = failed - other.failed;
+        diff.failedButOk = failedButOk - other.failedButOk;
+        diff.skipped = skipped - other.skipped;
+        return diff;
+    }
+
+    Counts& Counts::operator += ( Counts const& other ) {
+        passed += other.passed;
+        failed += other.failed;
+        failedButOk += other.failedButOk;
+        skipped += other.skipped;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::uint64_t Counts::total() const {
+        return passed + failed + failedButOk + skipped;
+    }
+    bool Counts::allPassed() const {
+        return failed == 0 && failedButOk == 0 && skipped == 0;
+    }
+    bool Counts::allOk() const {
+        return failed == 0;
+    }
+
+    Totals Totals::operator - ( Totals const& other ) const {
+        Totals diff;
+        diff.assertions = assertions - other.assertions;
+        diff.testCases = testCases - other.testCases;
+        return diff;
+    }
+
+    Totals& Totals::operator += ( Totals const& other ) {
+        assertions += other.assertions;
+        testCases += other.testCases;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    Totals Totals::delta( Totals const& prevTotals ) const {
+        Totals diff = *this - prevTotals;
+        if( diff.assertions.failed > 0 )
+            ++diff.testCases.failed;
+        else if( diff.assertions.failedButOk > 0 )
+            ++diff.testCases.failedButOk;
+        else if ( diff.assertions.skipped > 0 )
+            ++ diff.testCases.skipped;
+        else
+            ++diff.testCases.passed;
+        return diff;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        void registerTranslatorImpl(
+            Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) {
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerTranslator(
+                CATCH_MOVE( translator ) );
+        }
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Version::Version
+        (   unsigned int _majorVersion,
+            unsigned int _minorVersion,
+            unsigned int _patchNumber,
+            char const * const _branchName,
+            unsigned int _buildNumber )
+    :   majorVersion( _majorVersion ),
+        minorVersion( _minorVersion ),
+        patchNumber( _patchNumber ),
+        branchName( _branchName ),
+        buildNumber( _buildNumber )
+    {}
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Version const& version ) {
+        os  << version.majorVersion << '.'
+            << version.minorVersion << '.'
+            << version.patchNumber;
+        // branchName is never null -> 0th char is \0 if it is empty
+        if (version.branchName[0]) {
+            os << '-' << version.branchName
+               << '.' << version.buildNumber;
+        }
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    Version const& libraryVersion() {
+        static Version version( 3, 6, 0, "", 0 );
+        return version;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    const char* GeneratorException::what() const noexcept {
+        return m_msg;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    IGeneratorTracker::~IGeneratorTracker() = default;
+
+namespace Generators {
+
+namespace Detail {
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_generator_exception(char const* msg) {
+        Catch::throw_exception(GeneratorException{ msg });
+    }
+} // end namespace Detail
+
+    GeneratorUntypedBase::~GeneratorUntypedBase() = default;
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* acquireGeneratorTracker(StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
+        return getResultCapture().acquireGeneratorTracker( generatorName, lineInfo );
+    }
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* createGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+                                 GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) {
+        return getResultCapture().createGeneratorTracker(
+            generatorName, lineInfo, CATCH_MOVE( generator ) );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <random>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Generators {
+        namespace Detail {
+            std::uint32_t getSeed() { return sharedRng()(); }
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        struct RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::PImpl {
+            PImpl( long double a, long double b, uint32_t seed ):
+                rng( seed ), dist( a, b ) {}
+
+            Catch::SimplePcg32 rng;
+            std::uniform_real_distribution<long double> dist;
+        };
+
+        RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::RandomFloatingGenerator(
+            long double a, long double b, std::uint32_t seed) :
+            m_pimpl(Catch::Detail::make_unique<PImpl>(a, b, seed)) {
+            static_cast<void>( next() );
+        }
+
+        RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::~RandomFloatingGenerator() =
+            default;
+        bool RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::next() {
+            m_current_number = m_pimpl->dist( m_pimpl->rng );
+            return true;
+        }
+    } // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IResultCapture::~IResultCapture() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IConfig::~IConfig() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IExceptionTranslator::~IExceptionTranslator() = default;
+    IExceptionTranslatorRegistry::~IExceptionTranslatorRegistry() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Generators {
+
+        bool GeneratorUntypedBase::countedNext() {
+            auto ret = next();
+            if ( ret ) {
+                m_stringReprCache.clear();
+                ++m_currentElementIndex;
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        StringRef GeneratorUntypedBase::currentElementAsString() const {
+            if ( m_stringReprCache.empty() ) {
+                m_stringReprCache = stringifyImpl();
+            }
+            return m_stringReprCache;
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IRegistryHub::~IRegistryHub() = default;
+    IMutableRegistryHub::~IMutableRegistryHub() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    ReporterConfig::ReporterConfig(
+        IConfig const* _fullConfig,
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> _stream,
+        ColourMode colourMode,
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions ):
+        m_stream( CATCH_MOVE(_stream) ),
+        m_fullConfig( _fullConfig ),
+        m_colourMode( colourMode ),
+        m_customOptions( CATCH_MOVE( customOptions ) ) {}
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> ReporterConfig::takeStream() && {
+        assert( m_stream );
+        return CATCH_MOVE( m_stream );
+    }
+    IConfig const * ReporterConfig::fullConfig() const { return m_fullConfig; }
+    ColourMode ReporterConfig::colourMode() const { return m_colourMode; }
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> const&
+    ReporterConfig::customOptions() const {
+        return m_customOptions;
+    }
+
+    ReporterConfig::~ReporterConfig() = default;
+
+    AssertionStats::AssertionStats( AssertionResult const& _assertionResult,
+                                    std::vector<MessageInfo> const& _infoMessages,
+                                    Totals const& _totals )
+    :   assertionResult( _assertionResult ),
+        infoMessages( _infoMessages ),
+        totals( _totals )
+    {
+        if( assertionResult.hasMessage() ) {
+            // Copy message into messages list.
+            // !TBD This should have been done earlier, somewhere
+            MessageBuilder builder( assertionResult.getTestMacroName(), assertionResult.getSourceInfo(), assertionResult.getResultType() );
+            builder.m_info.message = static_cast<std::string>(assertionResult.getMessage());
+
+            infoMessages.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(builder.m_info) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    SectionStats::SectionStats(  SectionInfo&& _sectionInfo,
+                                 Counts const& _assertions,
+                                 double _durationInSeconds,
+                                 bool _missingAssertions )
+    :   sectionInfo( CATCH_MOVE(_sectionInfo) ),
+        assertions( _assertions ),
+        durationInSeconds( _durationInSeconds ),
+        missingAssertions( _missingAssertions )
+    {}
+
+
+    TestCaseStats::TestCaseStats(  TestCaseInfo const& _testInfo,
+                                   Totals const& _totals,
+                                   std::string&& _stdOut,
+                                   std::string&& _stdErr,
+                                   bool _aborting )
+    : testInfo( &_testInfo ),
+        totals( _totals ),
+        stdOut( CATCH_MOVE(_stdOut) ),
+        stdErr( CATCH_MOVE(_stdErr) ),
+        aborting( _aborting )
+    {}
+
+
+    TestRunStats::TestRunStats(   TestRunInfo const& _runInfo,
+                    Totals const& _totals,
+                    bool _aborting )
+    :   runInfo( _runInfo ),
+        totals( _totals ),
+        aborting( _aborting )
+    {}
+
+    IEventListener::~IEventListener() = default;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IReporterFactory::~IReporterFactory() = default;
+    EventListenerFactory::~EventListenerFactory() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    ITestCaseRegistry::~ITestCaseRegistry() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    AssertionHandler::AssertionHandler
+        (   StringRef macroName,
+            SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+            StringRef capturedExpression,
+            ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition )
+    :   m_assertionInfo{ macroName, lineInfo, capturedExpression, resultDisposition },
+        m_resultCapture( getResultCapture() )
+    {
+        m_resultCapture.notifyAssertionStarted( m_assertionInfo );
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleExpr( ITransientExpression const& expr ) {
+        m_resultCapture.handleExpr( m_assertionInfo, expr, m_reaction );
+    }
+    void AssertionHandler::handleMessage(ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef message) {
+        m_resultCapture.handleMessage( m_assertionInfo, resultType, message, m_reaction );
+    }
+
+    auto AssertionHandler::allowThrows() const -> bool {
+        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->allowThrows();
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::complete() {
+        m_completed = true;
+        if( m_reaction.shouldDebugBreak ) {
+
+            // If you find your debugger stopping you here then go one level up on the
+            // call-stack for the code that caused it (typically a failed assertion)
+
+            // (To go back to the test and change execution, jump over the throw, next)
+            CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
+        }
+        if (m_reaction.shouldThrow) {
+            throw_test_failure_exception();
+        }
+        if ( m_reaction.shouldSkip ) {
+            throw_test_skip_exception();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedInflightException() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleUnexpectedInflightException( m_assertionInfo, Catch::translateActiveException(), m_reaction );
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleExceptionThrownAsExpected() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+    }
+    void AssertionHandler::handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown( m_assertionInfo, m_reaction );
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleThrowingCallSkipped() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+    }
+
+    // This is the overload that takes a string and infers the Equals matcher from it
+    // The more general overload, that takes any string matcher, is in catch_capture_matchers.cpp
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str ) {
+        handleExceptionMatchExpr( handler, Matchers::Equals( str ) );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        bool CaseInsensitiveLess::operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                                              StringRef rhs ) const {
+            return std::lexicographical_compare(
+                lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
+                rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
+                []( char l, char r ) { return toLower( l ) < toLower( r ); } );
+        }
+
+        bool
+        CaseInsensitiveEqualTo::operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                                            StringRef rhs ) const {
+            return std::equal(
+                lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
+                rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
+                []( char l, char r ) { return toLower( l ) == toLower( r ); } );
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace {
+    bool isOptPrefix( char c ) {
+        return c == '-'
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+               || c == '/'
+#endif
+            ;
+    }
+
+    Catch::StringRef normaliseOpt( Catch::StringRef optName ) {
+        if ( optName[0] == '-'
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+             || optName[0] == '/'
+#endif
+        ) {
+            return optName.substr( 1, optName.size() );
+        }
+
+        return optName;
+    }
+
+    static size_t find_first_separator(Catch::StringRef sr) {
+        auto is_separator = []( char c ) {
+            return c == ' ' || c == ':' || c == '=';
+        };
+        size_t pos = 0;
+        while (pos < sr.size()) {
+            if (is_separator(sr[pos])) { return pos; }
+            ++pos;
+        }
+
+        return Catch::StringRef::npos;
+    }
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Clara {
+        namespace Detail {
+
+            void TokenStream::loadBuffer() {
+                m_tokenBuffer.clear();
+
+                // Skip any empty strings
+                while ( it != itEnd && it->empty() ) {
+                    ++it;
+                }
+
+                if ( it != itEnd ) {
+                    StringRef next = *it;
+                    if ( isOptPrefix( next[0] ) ) {
+                        auto delimiterPos = find_first_separator(next);
+                        if ( delimiterPos != StringRef::npos ) {
+                            m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                { TokenType::Option,
+                                  next.substr( 0, delimiterPos ) } );
+                            m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                { TokenType::Argument,
+                                  next.substr( delimiterPos + 1, next.size() ) } );
+                        } else {
+                            if ( next[1] != '-' && next.size() > 2 ) {
+                                // Combined short args, e.g. "-ab" for "-a -b"
+                                for ( size_t i = 1; i < next.size(); ++i ) {
+                                    m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                        { TokenType::Option,
+                                          next.substr( i, 1 ) } );
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                    { TokenType::Option, next } );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                            { TokenType::Argument, next } );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            TokenStream::TokenStream( Args const& args ):
+                TokenStream( args.m_args.begin(), args.m_args.end() ) {}
+
+            TokenStream::TokenStream( Iterator it_, Iterator itEnd_ ):
+                it( it_ ), itEnd( itEnd_ ) {
+                loadBuffer();
+            }
+
+            TokenStream& TokenStream::operator++() {
+                if ( m_tokenBuffer.size() >= 2 ) {
+                    m_tokenBuffer.erase( m_tokenBuffer.begin() );
+                } else {
+                    if ( it != itEnd )
+                        ++it;
+                    loadBuffer();
+                }
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                                      std::string& target ) {
+                target = source;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                                      bool& target ) {
+                std::string srcLC = toLower( source );
+
+                if ( srcLC == "y" || srcLC == "1" || srcLC == "true" ||
+                     srcLC == "yes" || srcLC == "on" ) {
+                    target = true;
+                } else if ( srcLC == "n" || srcLC == "0" || srcLC == "false" ||
+                            srcLC == "no" || srcLC == "off" ) {
+                    target = false;
+                } else {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                        "Expected a boolean value but did not recognise: '" +
+                        source + '\'' );
+                }
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            size_t ParserBase::cardinality() const { return 1; }
+
+            InternalParseResult ParserBase::parse( Args const& args ) const {
+                return parse( static_cast<std::string>(args.exeName()), TokenStream( args ) );
+            }
+
+            ParseState::ParseState( ParseResultType type,
+                                    TokenStream remainingTokens ):
+                m_type( type ), m_remainingTokens( CATCH_MOVE(remainingTokens) ) {}
+
+            ParserResult BoundFlagRef::setFlag( bool flag ) {
+                m_ref = flag;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            ResultBase::~ResultBase() = default;
+
+            bool BoundRef::isContainer() const { return false; }
+
+            bool BoundRef::isFlag() const { return false; }
+
+            bool BoundFlagRefBase::isFlag() const { return true; }
+
+} // namespace Detail
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult Arg::parse(std::string const&,
+                                               Detail::TokenStream tokens) const {
+            auto validationResult = validate();
+            if (!validationResult)
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult(validationResult);
+
+            auto token = *tokens;
+            if (token.type != Detail::TokenType::Argument)
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                    ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+
+            assert(!m_ref->isFlag());
+            auto valueRef =
+                static_cast<Detail::BoundValueRefBase*>(m_ref.get());
+
+            auto result = valueRef->setValue(static_cast<std::string>(token.token));
+            if ( !result )
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult( result );
+            else
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                    Detail::ParseState( ParseResultType::Matched,
+                                        CATCH_MOVE( ++tokens ) ) );
+        }
+
+        Opt::Opt(bool& ref) :
+            ParserRefImpl(std::make_shared<Detail::BoundFlagRef>(ref)) {}
+
+        Detail::HelpColumns Opt::getHelpColumns() const {
+            ReusableStringStream oss;
+            bool first = true;
+            for (auto const& opt : m_optNames) {
+                if (first)
+                    first = false;
+                else
+                    oss << ", ";
+                oss << opt;
+            }
+            if (!m_hint.empty())
+                oss << " <" << m_hint << '>';
+            return { oss.str(), m_description };
+        }
+
+        bool Opt::isMatch(StringRef optToken) const {
+            auto normalisedToken = normaliseOpt(optToken);
+            for (auto const& name : m_optNames) {
+                if (normaliseOpt(name) == normalisedToken)
+                    return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult Opt::parse(std::string const&,
+                                       Detail::TokenStream tokens) const {
+            auto validationResult = validate();
+            if (!validationResult)
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult(validationResult);
+
+            if (tokens &&
+                tokens->type == Detail::TokenType::Option) {
+                auto const& token = *tokens;
+                if (isMatch(token.token)) {
+                    if (m_ref->isFlag()) {
+                        auto flagRef =
+                            static_cast<Detail::BoundFlagRefBase*>(
+                                m_ref.get());
+                        auto result = flagRef->setFlag(true);
+                        if (!result)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult(result);
+                        if (result.value() ==
+                            ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                                result.value(), CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+                    } else {
+                        auto valueRef =
+                            static_cast<Detail::BoundValueRefBase*>(
+                                m_ref.get());
+                        ++tokens;
+                        if (!tokens)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::runtimeError(
+                                "Expected argument following " +
+                                token.token);
+                        auto const& argToken = *tokens;
+                        if (argToken.type != Detail::TokenType::Argument)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::runtimeError(
+                                "Expected argument following " +
+                                token.token);
+                        const auto result = valueRef->setValue(static_cast<std::string>(argToken.token));
+                        if (!result)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult(result);
+                        if (result.value() ==
+                            ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                                result.value(), CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+                    }
+                    return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                        ParseResultType::Matched, CATCH_MOVE(++tokens)));
+                }
+            }
+            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                Detail::ParseState(ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+        }
+
+        Detail::Result Opt::validate() const {
+            if (m_optNames.empty())
+                return Detail::Result::logicError("No options supplied to Opt");
+            for (auto const& name : m_optNames) {
+                if (name.empty())
+                    return Detail::Result::logicError(
+                        "Option name cannot be empty");
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+                if (name[0] != '-' && name[0] != '/')
+                    return Detail::Result::logicError(
+                        "Option name must begin with '-' or '/'");
+#else
+                if (name[0] != '-')
+                    return Detail::Result::logicError(
+                        "Option name must begin with '-'");
+#endif
+            }
+            return ParserRefImpl::validate();
+        }
+
+        ExeName::ExeName() :
+            m_name(std::make_shared<std::string>("<executable>")) {}
+
+        ExeName::ExeName(std::string& ref) : ExeName() {
+            m_ref = std::make_shared<Detail::BoundValueRef<std::string>>(ref);
+        }
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult
+            ExeName::parse(std::string const&,
+                           Detail::TokenStream tokens) const {
+            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                Detail::ParseState(ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+        }
+
+        ParserResult ExeName::set(std::string const& newName) {
+            auto lastSlash = newName.find_last_of("\\/");
+            auto filename = (lastSlash == std::string::npos)
+                ? newName
+                : newName.substr(lastSlash + 1);
+
+            *m_name = filename;
+            if (m_ref)
+                return m_ref->setValue(filename);
+            else
+                return ParserResult::ok(ParseResultType::Matched);
+        }
+
+
+
+
+        Parser& Parser::operator|=( Parser const& other ) {
+            m_options.insert( m_options.end(),
+                              other.m_options.begin(),
+                              other.m_options.end() );
+            m_args.insert(
+                m_args.end(), other.m_args.begin(), other.m_args.end() );
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<Detail::HelpColumns> Parser::getHelpColumns() const {
+            std::vector<Detail::HelpColumns> cols;
+            cols.reserve( m_options.size() );
+            for ( auto const& o : m_options ) {
+                cols.push_back(o.getHelpColumns());
+            }
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        void Parser::writeToStream( std::ostream& os ) const {
+            if ( !m_exeName.name().empty() ) {
+                os << "usage:\n"
+                   << "  " << m_exeName.name() << ' ';
+                bool required = true, first = true;
+                for ( auto const& arg : m_args ) {
+                    if ( first )
+                        first = false;
+                    else
+                        os << ' ';
+                    if ( arg.isOptional() && required ) {
+                        os << '[';
+                        required = false;
+                    }
+                    os << '<' << arg.hint() << '>';
+                    if ( arg.cardinality() == 0 )
+                        os << " ... ";
+                }
+                if ( !required )
+                    os << ']';
+                if ( !m_options.empty() )
+                    os << " options";
+                os << "\n\nwhere options are:\n";
+            }
+
+            auto rows = getHelpColumns();
+            size_t consoleWidth = CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH;
+            size_t optWidth = 0;
+            for ( auto const& cols : rows )
+                optWidth = ( std::max )( optWidth, cols.left.size() + 2 );
+
+            optWidth = ( std::min )( optWidth, consoleWidth / 2 );
+
+            for ( auto& cols : rows ) {
+                auto row = TextFlow::Column( CATCH_MOVE(cols.left) )
+                               .width( optWidth )
+                               .indent( 2 ) +
+                           TextFlow::Spacer( 4 ) +
+                           TextFlow::Column( static_cast<std::string>(cols.descriptions) )
+                               .width( consoleWidth - 7 - optWidth );
+                os << row << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+
+        Detail::Result Parser::validate() const {
+            for ( auto const& opt : m_options ) {
+                auto result = opt.validate();
+                if ( !result )
+                    return result;
+            }
+            for ( auto const& arg : m_args ) {
+                auto result = arg.validate();
+                if ( !result )
+                    return result;
+            }
+            return Detail::Result::ok();
+        }
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult
+        Parser::parse( std::string const& exeName,
+                       Detail::TokenStream tokens ) const {
+
+            struct ParserInfo {
+                ParserBase const* parser = nullptr;
+                size_t count = 0;
+            };
+            std::vector<ParserInfo> parseInfos;
+            parseInfos.reserve( m_options.size() + m_args.size() );
+            for ( auto const& opt : m_options ) {
+                parseInfos.push_back( { &opt, 0 } );
+            }
+            for ( auto const& arg : m_args ) {
+                parseInfos.push_back( { &arg, 0 } );
+            }
+
+            m_exeName.set( exeName );
+
+            auto result = Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                Detail::ParseState( ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens) ) );
+            while ( result.value().remainingTokens() ) {
+                bool tokenParsed = false;
+
+                for ( auto& parseInfo : parseInfos ) {
+                    if ( parseInfo.parser->cardinality() == 0 ||
+                         parseInfo.count < parseInfo.parser->cardinality() ) {
+                        result = parseInfo.parser->parse(
+                            exeName, CATCH_MOVE(result).value().remainingTokens() );
+                        if ( !result )
+                            return result;
+                        if ( result.value().type() !=
+                             ParseResultType::NoMatch ) {
+                            tokenParsed = true;
+                            ++parseInfo.count;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ( result.value().type() == ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll )
+                    return result;
+                if ( !tokenParsed )
+                    return Detail::InternalParseResult::runtimeError(
+                        "Unrecognised token: " +
+                        result.value().remainingTokens()->token );
+            }
+            // !TBD Check missing required options
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        Args::Args(int argc, char const* const* argv) :
+            m_exeName(argv[0]), m_args(argv + 1, argv + argc) {}
+
+        Args::Args(std::initializer_list<StringRef> args) :
+            m_exeName(*args.begin()),
+            m_args(args.begin() + 1, args.end()) {}
+
+
+        Help::Help( bool& showHelpFlag ):
+            Opt( [&]( bool flag ) {
+                showHelpFlag = flag;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll );
+            } ) {
+            static_cast<Opt&> ( *this )(
+                "display usage information" )["-?"]["-h"]["--help"]
+                .optional();
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Clara
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Clara::Parser makeCommandLineParser( ConfigData& config ) {
+
+        using namespace Clara;
+
+        auto const setWarning = [&]( std::string const& warning ) {
+            if ( warning == "NoAssertions" ) {
+                config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>(config.warnings | WarnAbout::NoAssertions);
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            } else if ( warning == "UnmatchedTestSpec" ) {
+                config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>(config.warnings | WarnAbout::UnmatchedTestSpec);
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            return ParserResult ::runtimeError(
+                "Unrecognised warning option: '" + warning + '\'' );
+        };
+        auto const loadTestNamesFromFile = [&]( std::string const& filename ) {
+                std::ifstream f( filename.c_str() );
+                if( !f.is_open() )
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unable to load input file: '" + filename + '\'' );
+
+                std::string line;
+                while( std::getline( f, line ) ) {
+                    line = trim(line);
+                    if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, '#' ) ) {
+                        if( !startsWith( line, '"' ) )
+                            line = '"' + CATCH_MOVE(line) + '"';
+                        config.testsOrTags.push_back( line );
+                        config.testsOrTags.emplace_back( "," );
+                    }
+                }
+                //Remove comma in the end
+                if(!config.testsOrTags.empty())
+                    config.testsOrTags.erase( config.testsOrTags.end()-1 );
+
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setTestOrder = [&]( std::string const& order ) {
+                if( startsWith( "declared", order ) )
+                    config.runOrder = TestRunOrder::Declared;
+                else if( startsWith( "lexical", order ) )
+                    config.runOrder = TestRunOrder::LexicographicallySorted;
+                else if( startsWith( "random", order ) )
+                    config.runOrder = TestRunOrder::Randomized;
+                else
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognised ordering: '" + order + '\'' );
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setRngSeed = [&]( std::string const& seed ) {
+                if( seed == "time" ) {
+                    config.rngSeed = generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom::Time);
+                    return ParserResult::ok(ParseResultType::Matched);
+                } else if (seed == "random-device") {
+                    config.rngSeed = generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom::RandomDevice);
+                    return ParserResult::ok(ParseResultType::Matched);
+                }
+
+                // TODO: ideally we should be parsing uint32_t directly
+                //       fix this later when we add new parse overload
+                auto parsedSeed = parseUInt( seed, 0 );
+                if ( !parsedSeed ) {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Could not parse '" + seed + "' as seed" );
+                }
+                config.rngSeed = *parsedSeed;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setDefaultColourMode = [&]( std::string const& colourMode ) {
+            Optional<ColourMode> maybeMode = Catch::Detail::stringToColourMode(toLower( colourMode ));
+            if ( !maybeMode ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "colour mode must be one of: default, ansi, win32, "
+                    "or none. '" +
+                    colourMode + "' is not recognised" );
+            }
+            auto mode = *maybeMode;
+            if ( !isColourImplAvailable( mode ) ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "colour mode '" + colourMode +
+                    "' is not supported in this binary" );
+            }
+            config.defaultColourMode = mode;
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+        auto const setWaitForKeypress = [&]( std::string const& keypress ) {
+                auto keypressLc = toLower( keypress );
+                if (keypressLc == "never")
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::Never;
+                else if( keypressLc == "start" )
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeStart;
+                else if( keypressLc == "exit" )
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeExit;
+                else if( keypressLc == "both" )
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeStartAndExit;
+                else
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "keypress argument must be one of: never, start, exit or both. '" + keypress + "' not recognised" );
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setVerbosity = [&]( std::string const& verbosity ) {
+            auto lcVerbosity = toLower( verbosity );
+            if( lcVerbosity == "quiet" )
+                config.verbosity = Verbosity::Quiet;
+            else if( lcVerbosity == "normal" )
+                config.verbosity = Verbosity::Normal;
+            else if( lcVerbosity == "high" )
+                config.verbosity = Verbosity::High;
+            else
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognised verbosity, '" + verbosity + '\'' );
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+        auto const setReporter = [&]( std::string const& userReporterSpec ) {
+            if ( userReporterSpec.empty() ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Received empty reporter spec." );
+            }
+
+            Optional<ReporterSpec> parsed =
+                parseReporterSpec( userReporterSpec );
+            if ( !parsed ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Could not parse reporter spec '" + userReporterSpec +
+                    "'" );
+            }
+
+            auto const& reporterSpec = *parsed;
+
+            auto const& factories =
+                getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getFactories();
+            auto result = factories.find( reporterSpec.name() );
+
+            if ( result == factories.end() ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Unrecognized reporter, '" + reporterSpec.name() +
+                    "'. Check available with --list-reporters" );
+            }
+
+
+            const bool hadOutputFile = reporterSpec.outputFile().some();
+            config.reporterSpecifications.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( *parsed ) );
+            // It would be enough to check this only once at the very end, but
+            // there is  not a place where we could call this check, so do it
+            // every time it could fail. For valid inputs, this is still called
+            // at most once.
+            if (!hadOutputFile) {
+                int n_reporters_without_file = 0;
+                for (auto const& spec : config.reporterSpecifications) {
+                    if (spec.outputFile().none()) {
+                        n_reporters_without_file++;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (n_reporters_without_file > 1) {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Only one reporter may have unspecified output file." );
+                }
+            }
+
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+        auto const setShardCount = [&]( std::string const& shardCount ) {
+            auto parsedCount = parseUInt( shardCount );
+            if ( !parsedCount ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Could not parse '" + shardCount + "' as shard count" );
+            }
+            if ( *parsedCount == 0 ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Shard count must be positive" );
+            }
+            config.shardCount = *parsedCount;
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+
+        auto const setShardIndex = [&](std::string const& shardIndex) {
+            auto parsedIndex = parseUInt( shardIndex );
+            if ( !parsedIndex ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Could not parse '" + shardIndex + "' as shard index" );
+            }
+            config.shardIndex = *parsedIndex;
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+
+        auto cli
+            = ExeName( config.processName )
+            | Help( config.showHelp )
+            | Opt( config.showSuccessfulTests )
+                ["-s"]["--success"]
+                ( "include successful tests in output" )
+            | Opt( config.shouldDebugBreak )
+                ["-b"]["--break"]
+                ( "break into debugger on failure" )
+            | Opt( config.noThrow )
+                ["-e"]["--nothrow"]
+                ( "skip exception tests" )
+            | Opt( config.showInvisibles )
+                ["-i"]["--invisibles"]
+                ( "show invisibles (tabs, newlines)" )
+            | Opt( config.defaultOutputFilename, "filename" )
+                ["-o"]["--out"]
+                ( "default output filename" )
+            | Opt( accept_many, setReporter, "name[::key=value]*" )
+                ["-r"]["--reporter"]
+                ( "reporter to use (defaults to console)" )
+            | Opt( config.name, "name" )
+                ["-n"]["--name"]
+                ( "suite name" )
+            | Opt( [&]( bool ){ config.abortAfter = 1; } )
+                ["-a"]["--abort"]
+                ( "abort at first failure" )
+            | Opt( [&]( int x ){ config.abortAfter = x; }, "no. failures" )
+                ["-x"]["--abortx"]
+                ( "abort after x failures" )
+            | Opt( accept_many, setWarning, "warning name" )
+                ["-w"]["--warn"]
+                ( "enable warnings" )
+            | Opt( [&]( bool flag ) { config.showDurations = flag ? ShowDurations::Always : ShowDurations::Never; }, "yes|no" )
+                ["-d"]["--durations"]
+                ( "show test durations" )
+            | Opt( config.minDuration, "seconds" )
+                ["-D"]["--min-duration"]
+                ( "show test durations for tests taking at least the given number of seconds" )
+            | Opt( loadTestNamesFromFile, "filename" )
+                ["-f"]["--input-file"]
+                ( "load test names to run from a file" )
+            | Opt( config.filenamesAsTags )
+                ["-#"]["--filenames-as-tags"]
+                ( "adds a tag for the filename" )
+            | Opt( config.sectionsToRun, "section name" )
+                ["-c"]["--section"]
+                ( "specify section to run" )
+            | Opt( setVerbosity, "quiet|normal|high" )
+                ["-v"]["--verbosity"]
+                ( "set output verbosity" )
+            | Opt( config.listTests )
+                ["--list-tests"]
+                ( "list all/matching test cases" )
+            | Opt( config.listTags )
+                ["--list-tags"]
+                ( "list all/matching tags" )
+            | Opt( config.listReporters )
+                ["--list-reporters"]
+                ( "list all available reporters" )
+            | Opt( config.listListeners )
+                ["--list-listeners"]
+                ( "list all listeners" )
+            | Opt( setTestOrder, "decl|lex|rand" )
+                ["--order"]
+                ( "test case order (defaults to decl)" )
+            | Opt( setRngSeed, "'time'|'random-device'|number" )
+                ["--rng-seed"]
+                ( "set a specific seed for random numbers" )
+            | Opt( setDefaultColourMode, "ansi|win32|none|default" )
+                ["--colour-mode"]
+                ( "what color mode should be used as default" )
+            | Opt( config.libIdentify )
+                ["--libidentify"]
+                ( "report name and version according to libidentify standard" )
+            | Opt( setWaitForKeypress, "never|start|exit|both" )
+                ["--wait-for-keypress"]
+                ( "waits for a keypress before exiting" )
+            | Opt( config.skipBenchmarks)
+                ["--skip-benchmarks"]
+                ( "disable running benchmarks")
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkSamples, "samples" )
+                ["--benchmark-samples"]
+                ( "number of samples to collect (default: 100)" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkResamples, "resamples" )
+                ["--benchmark-resamples"]
+                ( "number of resamples for the bootstrap (default: 100000)" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkConfidenceInterval, "confidence interval" )
+                ["--benchmark-confidence-interval"]
+                ( "confidence interval for the bootstrap (between 0 and 1, default: 0.95)" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkNoAnalysis )
+                ["--benchmark-no-analysis"]
+                ( "perform only measurements; do not perform any analysis" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkWarmupTime, "benchmarkWarmupTime" )
+                ["--benchmark-warmup-time"]
+                ( "amount of time in milliseconds spent on warming up each test (default: 100)" )
+            | Opt( setShardCount, "shard count" )
+                ["--shard-count"]
+                ( "split the tests to execute into this many groups" )
+            | Opt( setShardIndex, "shard index" )
+                ["--shard-index"]
+                ( "index of the group of tests to execute (see --shard-count)" )
+            | Opt( config.allowZeroTests )
+                ["--allow-running-no-tests"]
+                ( "Treat 'No tests run' as a success" )
+            | Arg( config.testsOrTags, "test name|pattern|tags" )
+                ( "which test or tests to use" );
+
+        return cli;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+#endif
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    ColourImpl::~ColourImpl() = default;
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard ColourImpl::guardColour( Colour::Code colourCode ) {
+        return ColourGuard(colourCode, this );
+    }
+
+    void ColourImpl::ColourGuard::engageImpl( std::ostream& stream ) {
+        assert( &stream == &m_colourImpl->m_stream->stream() &&
+                "Engaging colour guard for different stream than used by the "
+                "parent colour implementation" );
+        static_cast<void>( stream );
+
+        m_engaged = true;
+        m_colourImpl->use( m_code );
+    }
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::ColourGuard( Colour::Code code,
+                                          ColourImpl const* colour ):
+        m_colourImpl( colour ), m_code( code ) {
+    }
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::ColourGuard( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept:
+        m_colourImpl( rhs.m_colourImpl ),
+        m_code( rhs.m_code ),
+        m_engaged( rhs.m_engaged ) {
+        rhs.m_engaged = false;
+    }
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard&
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::operator=( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept {
+        using std::swap;
+        swap( m_colourImpl, rhs.m_colourImpl );
+        swap( m_code, rhs.m_code );
+        swap( m_engaged, rhs.m_engaged );
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::~ColourGuard() {
+        if ( m_engaged ) {
+            m_colourImpl->use( Colour::None );
+        }
+    }
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard&
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::engage( std::ostream& stream ) & {
+        engageImpl( stream );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard&&
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::engage( std::ostream& stream ) && {
+        engageImpl( stream );
+        return CATCH_MOVE(*this);
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        //! A do-nothing implementation of colour, used as fallback for unknown
+        //! platforms, and when the user asks to deactivate all colours.
+        class NoColourImpl final : public ColourImpl {
+        public:
+            NoColourImpl( IStream* stream ): ColourImpl( stream ) {}
+
+        private:
+            void use( Colour::Code ) const override {}
+        };
+    } // namespace
+
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#if defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 ) /////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    class Win32ColourImpl final : public ColourImpl {
+    public:
+        Win32ColourImpl(IStream* stream):
+            ColourImpl(stream) {
+            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;
+            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ),
+                                        &csbiInfo );
+            originalForegroundAttributes = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~( BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY );
+            originalBackgroundAttributes = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~( FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY );
+        }
+
+        static bool useImplementationForStream(IStream const& stream) {
+            // Win32 text colour APIs can only be used on console streams
+            // We cannot check that the output hasn't been redirected,
+            // so we just check that the original stream is console stream.
+            return stream.isConsole();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) const override {
+            switch( _colourCode ) {
+                case Colour::None:      return setTextAttribute( originalForegroundAttributes );
+                case Colour::White:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+                case Colour::Red:       return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_RED );
+                case Colour::Green:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::Blue:      return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+                case Colour::Cyan:      return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::Yellow:    return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::Grey:      return setTextAttribute( 0 );
+
+                case Colour::LightGrey:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY );
+                case Colour::BrightRed:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED );
+                case Colour::BrightGreen:   return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::BrightWhite:   return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+                case Colour::BrightYellow:  return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+
+                case Colour::Bright: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "not a colour" );
+
+                default:
+                    CATCH_ERROR( "Unknown colour requested" );
+            }
+        }
+
+        void setTextAttribute( WORD _textAttribute ) const {
+            SetConsoleTextAttribute( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ),
+                                     _textAttribute |
+                                         originalBackgroundAttributes );
+        }
+        WORD originalForegroundAttributes;
+        WORD originalBackgroundAttributes;
+    };
+
+} // end anon namespace
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // Windows/ ANSI/ None
+
+
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX ) || defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_HAS_ISATTY
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    class ANSIColourImpl final : public ColourImpl {
+    public:
+        ANSIColourImpl( IStream* stream ): ColourImpl( stream ) {}
+
+        static bool useImplementationForStream(IStream const& stream) {
+            // This is kinda messy due to trying to support a bunch of
+            // different platforms at once.
+            // The basic idea is that if we are asked to do autodetection (as
+            // opposed to being told to use posixy colours outright), then we
+            // only want to use the colours if we are writing to console.
+            // However, console might be redirected, so we make an attempt at
+            // checking for that on platforms where we know how to do that.
+            bool useColour = stream.isConsole();
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_HAS_ISATTY ) && \
+    !( defined( __DJGPP__ ) && defined( __STRICT_ANSI__ ) )
+            ErrnoGuard _; // for isatty
+            useColour = useColour && isatty( STDOUT_FILENO );
+#    endif
+#    if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC ) || defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE )
+            useColour = useColour && !isDebuggerActive();
+#    endif
+
+            return useColour;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) const override {
+            auto setColour = [&out =
+                                  m_stream->stream()]( char const* escapeCode ) {
+                // The escape sequence must be flushed to console, otherwise
+                // if stdin and stderr are intermixed, we'd get accidentally
+                // coloured output.
+                out << '\033' << escapeCode << std::flush;
+            };
+            switch( _colourCode ) {
+                case Colour::None:
+                case Colour::White:     return setColour( "[0m" );
+                case Colour::Red:       return setColour( "[0;31m" );
+                case Colour::Green:     return setColour( "[0;32m" );
+                case Colour::Blue:      return setColour( "[0;34m" );
+                case Colour::Cyan:      return setColour( "[0;36m" );
+                case Colour::Yellow:    return setColour( "[0;33m" );
+                case Colour::Grey:      return setColour( "[1;30m" );
+
+                case Colour::LightGrey:     return setColour( "[0;37m" );
+                case Colour::BrightRed:     return setColour( "[1;31m" );
+                case Colour::BrightGreen:   return setColour( "[1;32m" );
+                case Colour::BrightWhite:   return setColour( "[1;37m" );
+                case Colour::BrightYellow:  return setColour( "[1;33m" );
+
+                case Colour::Bright: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "not a colour" );
+                default: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown colour requested" );
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end anon namespace
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<ColourImpl> makeColourImpl( ColourMode colourSelection,
+                                                   IStream* stream ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::Win32 ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<Win32ColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+#endif
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::ANSI ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<ANSIColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::None ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<NoColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::PlatformDefault) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+            if ( Win32ColourImpl::useImplementationForStream( *stream ) ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Win32ColourImpl>( stream );
+            }
+#endif
+            if ( ANSIColourImpl::useImplementationForStream( *stream ) ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<ANSIColourImpl>( stream );
+            }
+            return Detail::make_unique<NoColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+
+        CATCH_ERROR( "Could not create colour impl for selection " << static_cast<int>(colourSelection) );
+    }
+
+    bool isColourImplAvailable( ColourMode colourSelection ) {
+        switch ( colourSelection ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+        case ColourMode::Win32:
+#endif
+        case ColourMode::ANSI:
+        case ColourMode::None:
+        case ColourMode::PlatformDefault:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Context* Context::currentContext = nullptr;
+
+    void cleanUpContext() {
+        delete Context::currentContext;
+        Context::currentContext = nullptr;
+    }
+    void Context::createContext() {
+        currentContext = new Context();
+    }
+
+    Context& getCurrentMutableContext() {
+        if ( !Context::currentContext ) { Context::createContext(); }
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.uninitialized.UndefReturn)
+        return *Context::currentContext;
+    }
+
+    void Context::setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture ) {
+        m_resultCapture = resultCapture;
+    }
+
+    void Context::setConfig( IConfig const* config ) { m_config = config; }
+
+    SimplePcg32& sharedRng() {
+        static SimplePcg32 s_rng;
+        return s_rng;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE)
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+            __android_log_write( ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "Catch", text.c_str() );
+        }
+    }
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+            ::OutputDebugStringA( text.c_str() );
+        }
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+            // !TBD: Need a version for Mac/ XCode and other IDEs
+            Catch::cout() << text;
+        }
+    }
+
+#endif // Platform
+
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC) || defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+
+#  include <cassert>
+#  include <sys/types.h>
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <cstddef>
+#  include <ostream>
+
+#ifdef __apple_build_version__
+    // These headers will only compile with AppleClang (XCode)
+    // For other compilers (Clang, GCC, ... ) we need to exclude them
+#  include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        #ifdef __apple_build_version__
+        // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+        // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+
+        // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+        // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+        bool isDebuggerActive(){
+            int                 mib[4];
+            struct kinfo_proc   info;
+            std::size_t         size;
+
+            // Initialize the flags so that, if sysctl fails for some bizarre
+            // reason, we get a predictable result.
+
+            info.kp_proc.p_flag = 0;
+
+            // Initialize mib, which tells sysctl the info we want, in this case
+            // we're looking for information about a specific process ID.
+
+            mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
+            mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
+            mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
+            mib[3] = getpid();
+
+            // Call sysctl.
+
+            size = sizeof(info);
+            if( sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib) / sizeof(*mib), &info, &size, nullptr, 0) != 0 ) {
+                Catch::cerr() << "\n** Call to sysctl failed - unable to determine if debugger is active **\n\n" << std::flush;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // We're being debugged if the P_TRACED flag is set.
+
+            return ( (info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0 );
+        }
+        #else
+        bool isDebuggerActive() {
+            // We need to find another way to determine this for non-appleclang compilers on macOS
+            return false;
+        }
+        #endif
+    } // namespace Catch
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    #include <fstream>
+    #include <string>
+
+    namespace Catch{
+        // The standard POSIX way of detecting a debugger is to attempt to
+        // ptrace() the process, but this needs to be done from a child and not
+        // this process itself to still allow attaching to this process later
+        // if wanted, so is rather heavy. Under Linux we have the PID of the
+        // "debugger" (which doesn't need to be gdb, of course, it could also
+        // be strace, for example) in /proc/$PID/status, so just get it from
+        // there instead.
+        bool isDebuggerActive(){
+            // Libstdc++ has a bug, where std::ifstream sets errno to 0
+            // This way our users can properly assert over errno values
+            ErrnoGuard guard;
+            std::ifstream in("/proc/self/status");
+            for( std::string line; std::getline(in, line); ) {
+                static const int PREFIX_LEN = 11;
+                if( line.compare(0, PREFIX_LEN, "TracerPid:\t") == 0 ) {
+                    // We're traced if the PID is not 0 and no other PID starts
+                    // with 0 digit, so it's enough to check for just a single
+                    // character.
+                    return line.length() > PREFIX_LEN && line[PREFIX_LEN] != '0';
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    } // namespace Catch
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall IsDebuggerPresent();
+    namespace Catch {
+        bool isDebuggerActive() {
+            return IsDebuggerPresent() != 0;
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall IsDebuggerPresent();
+    namespace Catch {
+        bool isDebuggerActive() {
+            return IsDebuggerPresent() != 0;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    namespace Catch {
+       bool isDebuggerActive() { return false; }
+    }
+#endif // Platform
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    void ITransientExpression::streamReconstructedExpression(
+        std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // We can't make this function pure virtual to keep ITransientExpression
+        // constexpr, so we write error message instead
+        os << "Some class derived from ITransientExpression without overriding streamReconstructedExpression";
+    }
+
+    void formatReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os, std::string const& lhs, StringRef op, std::string const& rhs ) {
+        if( lhs.size() + rhs.size() < 40 &&
+                lhs.find('\n') == std::string::npos &&
+                rhs.find('\n') == std::string::npos )
+            os << lhs << ' ' << op << ' ' << rhs;
+        else
+            os << lhs << '\n' << op << '\n' << rhs;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS_CUSTOM_HANDLER)
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_exception(std::exception const& e) {
+        Catch::cerr() << "Catch will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
+                      << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        std::terminate();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_logic_error(std::string const& msg) {
+        throw_exception(std::logic_error(msg));
+    }
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_domain_error(std::string const& msg) {
+        throw_exception(std::domain_error(msg));
+    }
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_runtime_error(std::string const& msg) {
+        throw_exception(std::runtime_error(msg));
+    }
+
+
+
+} // namespace Catch;
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    IMutableEnumValuesRegistry::~IMutableEnumValuesRegistry() = default;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        namespace {
+            // Extracts the actual name part of an enum instance
+            // In other words, it returns the Blue part of Bikeshed::Colour::Blue
+            StringRef extractInstanceName(StringRef enumInstance) {
+                // Find last occurrence of ":"
+                size_t name_start = enumInstance.size();
+                while (name_start > 0 && enumInstance[name_start - 1] != ':') {
+                    --name_start;
+                }
+                return enumInstance.substr(name_start, enumInstance.size() - name_start);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::vector<StringRef> parseEnums( StringRef enums ) {
+            auto enumValues = splitStringRef( enums, ',' );
+            std::vector<StringRef> parsed;
+            parsed.reserve( enumValues.size() );
+            for( auto const& enumValue : enumValues ) {
+                parsed.push_back(trim(extractInstanceName(enumValue)));
+            }
+            return parsed;
+        }
+
+        EnumInfo::~EnumInfo() = default;
+
+        StringRef EnumInfo::lookup( int value ) const {
+            for( auto const& valueToName : m_values ) {
+                if( valueToName.first == value )
+                    return valueToName.second;
+            }
+            return "{** unexpected enum value **}"_sr;
+        }
+
+        Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> makeEnumInfo( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values ) {
+            auto enumInfo = Catch::Detail::make_unique<EnumInfo>();
+            enumInfo->m_name = enumName;
+            enumInfo->m_values.reserve( values.size() );
+
+            const auto valueNames = Catch::Detail::parseEnums( allValueNames );
+            assert( valueNames.size() == values.size() );
+            std::size_t i = 0;
+            for( auto value : values )
+                enumInfo->m_values.emplace_back(value, valueNames[i++]);
+
+            return enumInfo;
+        }
+
+        EnumInfo const& EnumValuesRegistry::registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values ) {
+            m_enumInfos.push_back(makeEnumInfo(enumName, allValueNames, values));
+            return *m_enumInfos.back();
+        }
+
+    } // Detail
+} // Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <cerrno>
+
+namespace Catch {
+        ErrnoGuard::ErrnoGuard():m_oldErrno(errno){}
+        ErrnoGuard::~ErrnoGuard() { errno = m_oldErrno; }
+}
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    namespace {
+        static std::string tryTranslators(
+            std::vector<
+                Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator const>> const& translators ) {
+            if ( translators.empty() ) {
+                std::rethrow_exception( std::current_exception() );
+            } else {
+                return translators[0]->translate( translators.begin() + 1,
+                                                  translators.end() );
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+#endif //!defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+    ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::~ExceptionTranslatorRegistry() = default;
+
+    void ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) {
+        m_translators.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( translator ) );
+    }
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::translateActiveException() const {
+        // Compiling a mixed mode project with MSVC means that CLR
+        // exceptions will be caught in (...) as well. However, these do
+        // do not fill-in std::current_exception and thus lead to crash
+        // when attempting rethrow.
+        // /EHa switch also causes structured exceptions to be caught
+        // here, but they fill-in current_exception properly, so
+        // at worst the output should be a little weird, instead of
+        // causing a crash.
+        if ( std::current_exception() == nullptr ) {
+            return "Non C++ exception. Possibly a CLR exception.";
+        }
+
+        // First we try user-registered translators. If none of them can
+        // handle the exception, it will be rethrown handled by our defaults.
+        try {
+            return tryTranslators(m_translators);
+        }
+        // To avoid having to handle TFE explicitly everywhere, we just
+        // rethrow it so that it goes back up the caller.
+        catch( TestFailureException& ) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+        }
+        catch( TestSkipException& ) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+        }
+        catch( std::exception const& ex ) {
+            return ex.what();
+        }
+        catch( std::string const& msg ) {
+            return msg;
+        }
+        catch( const char* msg ) {
+            return msg;
+        }
+        catch(...) {
+            return "Unknown exception";
+        }
+    }
+
+#else // ^^ Exceptions are enabled // Exceptions are disabled vv
+    std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::translateActiveException() const {
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to translate active exception under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
+    }
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This file provides platform specific implementations of FatalConditionHandler
+ *
+ * This means that there is a lot of conditional compilation, and platform
+ * specific code. Currently, Catch2 supports a dummy handler (if no
+ * handler is desired), and 2 platform specific handlers:
+ *  * Windows' SEH
+ *  * POSIX signals
+ *
+ * Consequently, various pieces of code below are compiled if either of
+ * the platform specific handlers is enabled, or if none of them are
+ * enabled. It is assumed that both cannot be enabled at the same time,
+ * and doing so should cause a compilation error.
+ *
+ * If another platform specific handler is added, the compile guards
+ * below will need to be updated taking these assumptions into account.
+ */
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) && !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // If neither SEH nor signal handling is required, the handler impls
+    // do not have to do anything, and can be empty.
+    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {}
+    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() noexcept {}
+    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // !CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH && !CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) && defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+#error "Inconsistent configuration: Windows' SEH handling and POSIX signals cannot be enabled at the same time"
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH && CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) || defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+
+namespace {
+    //! Signals fatal error message to the run context
+    void reportFatal( char const * const message ) {
+        Catch::getCurrentContext().getResultCapture()->handleFatalErrorCondition( message );
+    }
+
+    //! Minimal size Catch2 needs for its own fatal error handling.
+    //! Picked empirically, so it might not be sufficient on all
+    //! platforms, and for all configurations.
+    constexpr std::size_t minStackSizeForErrors = 32 * 1024;
+} // end unnamed namespace
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH || CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SignalDefs { DWORD id; const char* name; };
+
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    static SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+        { EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+        { EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow" },
+        { EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
+        { EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error" },
+    };
+
+    static LONG CALLBACK topLevelExceptionFilter(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+        for (auto const& def : signalDefs) {
+            if (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == def.id) {
+                reportFatal(def.name);
+            }
+        }
+        // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+        // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+    }
+
+    // Since we do not support multiple instantiations, we put these
+    // into global variables and rely on cleaning them up in outlined
+    // constructors/destructors
+    static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previousTopLevelExceptionFilter = nullptr;
+
+
+    // For MSVC, we reserve part of the stack memory for handling
+    // memory overflow structured exception.
+    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() {
+        ULONG guaranteeSize = static_cast<ULONG>(minStackSizeForErrors);
+        if (!SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize)) {
+            // We do not want to fully error out, because needing
+            // the stack reserve should be rare enough anyway.
+            Catch::cerr()
+                << "Failed to reserve piece of stack."
+                << " Stack overflows will not be reported successfully.";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We do not attempt to unset the stack guarantee, because
+    // Windows does not support lowering the stack size guarantee.
+    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {
+        // Register as a the top level exception filter.
+        previousTopLevelExceptionFilter = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(topLevelExceptionFilter);
+    }
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() noexcept {
+        if (SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(previousTopLevelExceptionFilter) != topLevelExceptionFilter) {
+            Catch::cerr()
+                << "Unexpected SEH unhandled exception filter on disengage."
+                << " The filter was restored, but might be rolled back unexpectedly.";
+        }
+        previousTopLevelExceptionFilter = nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SignalDefs {
+        int id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+
+    static SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+        { SIGINT,  "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal" },
+        { SIGILL,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+        { SIGFPE,  "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal" },
+        { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
+        { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal" },
+        { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal" }
+    };
+
+// Older GCCs trigger -Wmissing-field-initializers for T foo = {}
+// which is zero initialization, but not explicit. We want to avoid
+// that.
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
+#endif
+
+    static char* altStackMem = nullptr;
+    static std::size_t altStackSize = 0;
+    static stack_t oldSigStack{};
+    static struct sigaction oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs)]{};
+
+    static void restorePreviousSignalHandlers() noexcept {
+        // We set signal handlers back to the previous ones. Hopefully
+        // nobody overwrote them in the meantime, and doesn't expect
+        // their signal handlers to live past ours given that they
+        // installed them after ours..
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+            sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+        }
+        // Return the old stack
+        sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    static void handleSignal( int sig ) {
+        char const * name = "<unknown signal>";
+        for (auto const& def : signalDefs) {
+            if (sig == def.id) {
+                name = def.name;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // We need to restore previous signal handlers and let them do
+        // their thing, so that the users can have the debugger break
+        // when a signal is raised, and so on.
+        restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
+        reportFatal( name );
+        raise( sig );
+    }
+
+    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() {
+        assert(!altStackMem && "Cannot initialize POSIX signal handler when one already exists");
+        if (altStackSize == 0) {
+            altStackSize = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(SIGSTKSZ), minStackSizeForErrors);
+        }
+        altStackMem = new char[altStackSize]();
+    }
+
+    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() {
+        delete[] altStackMem;
+        // We signal that another instance can be constructed by zeroing
+        // out the pointer.
+        altStackMem = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {
+        stack_t sigStack;
+        sigStack.ss_sp = altStackMem;
+        sigStack.ss_size = altStackSize;
+        sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+        sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+        struct sigaction sa = { };
+
+        sa.sa_handler = handleSignal;
+        sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+            sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() noexcept {
+        restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        uint32_t convertToBits(float f) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), "Important ULP matcher assumption violated");
+            uint32_t i;
+            std::memcpy(&i, &f, sizeof(f));
+            return i;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t convertToBits(double d) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t), "Important ULP matcher assumption violated");
+            uint64_t i;
+            std::memcpy(&i, &d, sizeof(d));
+            return i;
+        }
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        bool directCompare( float lhs, float rhs ) { return lhs == rhs; }
+        bool directCompare( double lhs, double rhs ) { return lhs == rhs; }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    } // end namespace Detail
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+#if !defined (CATCH_CONFIG_GETENV)
+        char const* getEnv( char const* ) { return nullptr; }
+#else
+
+        char const* getEnv( char const* varName ) {
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+#        pragma warning( push )
+#        pragma warning( disable : 4996 ) // use getenv_s instead of getenv
+#    endif
+
+            return std::getenv( varName );
+
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+#        pragma warning( pop )
+#    endif
+        }
+#endif
+} // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Catch::IStream::~IStream() = default;
+
+namespace Detail {
+    namespace {
+        template<typename WriterF, std::size_t bufferSize=256>
+        class StreamBufImpl final : public std::streambuf {
+            char data[bufferSize];
+            WriterF m_writer;
+
+        public:
+            StreamBufImpl() {
+                setp( data, data + sizeof(data) );
+            }
+
+            ~StreamBufImpl() noexcept override {
+                StreamBufImpl::sync();
+            }
+
+        private:
+            int overflow( int c ) override {
+                sync();
+
+                if( c != EOF ) {
+                    if( pbase() == epptr() )
+                        m_writer( std::string( 1, static_cast<char>( c ) ) );
+                    else
+                        sputc( static_cast<char>( c ) );
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            int sync() override {
+                if( pbase() != pptr() ) {
+                    m_writer( std::string( pbase(), static_cast<std::string::size_type>( pptr() - pbase() ) ) );
+                    setp( pbase(), epptr() );
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        struct OutputDebugWriter {
+
+            void operator()( std::string const& str ) {
+                if ( !str.empty() ) {
+                    writeToDebugConsole( str );
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        class FileStream final : public IStream {
+            std::ofstream m_ofs;
+        public:
+            FileStream( std::string const& filename ) {
+                m_ofs.open( filename.c_str() );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( !m_ofs.fail(), "Unable to open file: '" << filename << '\'' );
+                m_ofs << std::unitbuf;
+            }
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override {
+                return m_ofs;
+            }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        class CoutStream final : public IStream {
+            std::ostream m_os;
+        public:
+            // Store the streambuf from cout up-front because
+            // cout may get redirected when running tests
+            CoutStream() : m_os( Catch::cout().rdbuf() ) {}
+
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override { return m_os; }
+            bool isConsole() const override { return true; }
+        };
+
+        class CerrStream : public IStream {
+            std::ostream m_os;
+
+        public:
+            // Store the streambuf from cerr up-front because
+            // cout may get redirected when running tests
+            CerrStream(): m_os( Catch::cerr().rdbuf() ) {}
+
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override { return m_os; }
+            bool isConsole() const override { return true; }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        class DebugOutStream final : public IStream {
+            Detail::unique_ptr<StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>> m_streamBuf;
+            std::ostream m_os;
+        public:
+            DebugOutStream()
+            :   m_streamBuf( Detail::make_unique<StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>>() ),
+                m_os( m_streamBuf.get() )
+            {}
+
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override { return m_os; }
+        };
+
+    } // unnamed namespace
+} // namespace Detail
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    auto makeStream( std::string const& filename ) -> Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> {
+        if ( filename.empty() || filename == "-" ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<Detail::CoutStream>();
+        }
+        if( filename[0] == '%' ) {
+            if ( filename == "%debug" ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Detail::DebugOutStream>();
+            } else if ( filename == "%stderr" ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Detail::CerrStream>();
+            } else if ( filename == "%stdout" ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Detail::CoutStream>();
+            } else {
+                CATCH_ERROR( "Unrecognised stream: '" << filename << '\'' );
+            }
+        }
+        return Detail::make_unique<Detail::FileStream>( filename );
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void JsonUtils::indent( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t level ) {
+        for ( std::uint64_t i = 0; i < level; ++i ) {
+            os << "  ";
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline( std::ostream& os,
+                                        bool& should_comma,
+                                        std::uint64_t level ) {
+        if ( should_comma ) { os << ','; }
+        should_comma = true;
+        os << '\n';
+        indent( os, level );
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter::JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os ):
+        JsonObjectWriter{ os, 0 } {}
+
+    JsonObjectWriter::JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os,
+                                        std::uint64_t indent_level ):
+        m_os{ os }, m_indent_level{ indent_level } {
+        m_os << '{';
+    }
+    JsonObjectWriter::JsonObjectWriter( JsonObjectWriter&& source ) noexcept:
+        m_os{ source.m_os },
+        m_indent_level{ source.m_indent_level },
+        m_should_comma{ source.m_should_comma },
+        m_active{ source.m_active } {
+        source.m_active = false;
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter::~JsonObjectWriter() {
+        if ( !m_active ) { return; }
+
+        m_os << '\n';
+        JsonUtils::indent( m_os, m_indent_level );
+        m_os << '}';
+    }
+
+    JsonValueWriter JsonObjectWriter::write( StringRef key ) {
+        JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+            m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+
+        m_os << '"' << key << "\": ";
+        return JsonValueWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level + 1 };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter::JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os ):
+        JsonArrayWriter{ os, 0 } {}
+    JsonArrayWriter::JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os,
+                                      std::uint64_t indent_level ):
+        m_os{ os }, m_indent_level{ indent_level } {
+        m_os << '[';
+    }
+    JsonArrayWriter::JsonArrayWriter( JsonArrayWriter&& source ) noexcept:
+        m_os{ source.m_os },
+        m_indent_level{ source.m_indent_level },
+        m_should_comma{ source.m_should_comma },
+        m_active{ source.m_active } {
+        source.m_active = false;
+    }
+    JsonArrayWriter::~JsonArrayWriter() {
+        if ( !m_active ) { return; }
+
+        m_os << '\n';
+        JsonUtils::indent( m_os, m_indent_level );
+        m_os << ']';
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter JsonArrayWriter::writeObject() {
+        JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+            m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+        return JsonObjectWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level + 1 };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter JsonArrayWriter::writeArray() {
+        JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+            m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+        return JsonArrayWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level + 1 };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter& JsonArrayWriter::write( bool value ) {
+        return writeImpl( value );
+    }
+
+    JsonValueWriter::JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os ):
+        JsonValueWriter{ os, 0 } {}
+
+    JsonValueWriter::JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os,
+                                      std::uint64_t indent_level ):
+        m_os{ os }, m_indent_level{ indent_level } {}
+
+    JsonObjectWriter JsonValueWriter::writeObject() && {
+        return JsonObjectWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter JsonValueWriter::writeArray() && {
+        return JsonArrayWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level };
+    }
+
+    void JsonValueWriter::write( Catch::StringRef value ) && {
+        writeImpl( value, true );
+    }
+
+    void JsonValueWriter::write( bool value ) && {
+        writeImpl( value ? "true"_sr : "false"_sr, false );
+    }
+
+    void JsonValueWriter::writeImpl( Catch::StringRef value, bool quote ) {
+        if ( quote ) { m_os << '"'; }
+        for (char c : value) {
+            // Escape list taken from https://www.json.org/json-en.html,
+            // string definition.
+            // Note that while forward slash _can_ be escaped, it does
+            // not have to be, if JSON is not further embedded somewhere
+            // where forward slash is meaningful.
+            if ( c == '"' ) {
+                m_os << "\\\"";
+            } else if ( c == '\\' ) {
+                m_os << "\\\\";
+            } else if ( c == '\b' ) {
+                m_os << "\\b";
+            } else if ( c == '\f' ) {
+                m_os << "\\f";
+            } else if ( c == '\n' ) {
+                m_os << "\\n";
+            } else if ( c == '\r' ) {
+                m_os << "\\r";
+            } else if ( c == '\t' ) {
+                m_os << "\\t";
+            } else {
+                m_os << c;
+            }
+        }
+        if ( quote ) { m_os << '"'; }
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    auto operator << (std::ostream& os, LazyExpression const& lazyExpr) -> std::ostream& {
+        if (lazyExpr.m_isNegated)
+            os << '!';
+
+        if (lazyExpr) {
+            if (lazyExpr.m_isNegated && lazyExpr.m_transientExpression->isBinaryExpression())
+                os << '(' << *lazyExpr.m_transientExpression << ')';
+            else
+                os << *lazyExpr.m_transientExpression;
+        } else {
+            os << "{** error - unchecked empty expression requested **}";
+        }
+        return os;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_CRTDBG
+#include <crtdbg.h>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    LeakDetector::LeakDetector() {
+        int flag = _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG);
+        flag |= _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF;
+        flag |= _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF;
+        _CrtSetDbgFlag(flag);
+        _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE | _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
+        _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR);
+        // Change this to leaking allocation's number to break there
+        _CrtSetBreakAlloc(-1);
+    }
+}
+
+#else // ^^ Windows crt debug heap enabled // Windows crt debug heap disabled vv
+
+    Catch::LeakDetector::LeakDetector() = default;
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_CRTDBG
+
+Catch::LeakDetector::~LeakDetector() {
+    Catch::cleanUp();
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace {
+
+        void listTests(IEventListener& reporter, IConfig const& config) {
+            auto const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
+            auto matchedTestCases = filterTests(getAllTestCasesSorted(config), testSpec, config);
+            reporter.listTests(matchedTestCases);
+        }
+
+        void listTags(IEventListener& reporter, IConfig const& config) {
+            auto const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> matchedTestCases = filterTests(getAllTestCasesSorted(config), testSpec, config);
+
+            std::map<StringRef, TagInfo, Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess> tagCounts;
+            for (auto const& testCase : matchedTestCases) {
+                for (auto const& tagName : testCase.getTestCaseInfo().tags) {
+                    auto it = tagCounts.find(tagName.original);
+                    if (it == tagCounts.end())
+                        it = tagCounts.insert(std::make_pair(tagName.original, TagInfo())).first;
+                    it->second.add(tagName.original);
+                }
+            }
+
+            std::vector<TagInfo> infos; infos.reserve(tagCounts.size());
+            for (auto& tagc : tagCounts) {
+                infos.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(tagc.second));
+            }
+
+            reporter.listTags(infos);
+        }
+
+        void listReporters(IEventListener& reporter) {
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> descriptions;
+
+            auto const& factories = getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getFactories();
+            descriptions.reserve(factories.size());
+            for (auto const& fac : factories) {
+                descriptions.push_back({ fac.first, fac.second->getDescription() });
+            }
+
+            reporter.listReporters(descriptions);
+        }
+
+        void listListeners(IEventListener& reporter) {
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> descriptions;
+
+            auto const& factories =
+                getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners();
+            descriptions.reserve( factories.size() );
+            for ( auto const& fac : factories ) {
+                descriptions.push_back( { fac->getName(), fac->getDescription() } );
+            }
+
+            reporter.listListeners( descriptions );
+        }
+
+    } // end anonymous namespace
+
+    void TagInfo::add( StringRef spelling ) {
+        ++count;
+        spellings.insert( spelling );
+    }
+
+    std::string TagInfo::all() const {
+        // 2 per tag for brackets '[' and ']'
+        size_t size =  spellings.size() * 2;
+        for (auto const& spelling : spellings) {
+            size += spelling.size();
+        }
+
+        std::string out; out.reserve(size);
+        for (auto const& spelling : spellings) {
+            out += '[';
+            out += spelling;
+            out += ']';
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    bool list( IEventListener& reporter, Config const& config ) {
+        bool listed = false;
+        if (config.listTests()) {
+            listed = true;
+            listTests(reporter, config);
+        }
+        if (config.listTags()) {
+            listed = true;
+            listTags(reporter, config);
+        }
+        if (config.listReporters()) {
+            listed = true;
+            listReporters(reporter);
+        }
+        if ( config.listListeners() ) {
+            listed = true;
+            listListeners( reporter );
+        }
+        return listed;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
+    static LeakDetector leakDetector;
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+}
+
+// Allow users of amalgamated .cpp file to remove our main and provide their own.
+#if !defined(CATCH_AMALGAMATED_CUSTOM_MAIN)
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS) && defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(DO_NOT_USE_WMAIN)
+// Standard C/C++ Win32 Unicode wmain entry point
+extern "C" int __cdecl wmain (int argc, wchar_t * argv[], wchar_t * []) {
+#else
+// Standard C/C++ main entry point
+int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
+#endif
+
+    // We want to force the linker not to discard the global variable
+    // and its constructor, as it (optionally) registers leak detector
+    (void)&Catch::leakDetector;
+
+    return Catch::Session().run( argc, argv );
+}
+
+#endif // !defined(CATCH_AMALGAMATED_CUSTOM_MAIN
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    MessageInfo::MessageInfo(   StringRef _macroName,
+                                SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                                ResultWas::OfType _type )
+    :   macroName( _macroName ),
+        lineInfo( _lineInfo ),
+        type( _type ),
+        sequence( ++globalCount )
+    {}
+
+    // This may need protecting if threading support is added
+    unsigned int MessageInfo::globalCount = 0;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #include <io.h>      //_dup and _dup2
+    #define dup _dup
+    #define dup2 _dup2
+    #define fileno _fileno
+    #else
+    #include <unistd.h>  // dup and dup2
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    RedirectedStream::RedirectedStream( std::ostream& originalStream, std::ostream& redirectionStream )
+    :   m_originalStream( originalStream ),
+        m_redirectionStream( redirectionStream ),
+        m_prevBuf( m_originalStream.rdbuf() )
+    {
+        m_originalStream.rdbuf( m_redirectionStream.rdbuf() );
+    }
+
+    RedirectedStream::~RedirectedStream() {
+        m_originalStream.rdbuf( m_prevBuf );
+    }
+
+    RedirectedStdOut::RedirectedStdOut() : m_cout( Catch::cout(), m_rss.get() ) {}
+    auto RedirectedStdOut::str() const -> std::string { return m_rss.str(); }
+
+    RedirectedStdErr::RedirectedStdErr()
+    :   m_cerr( Catch::cerr(), m_rss.get() ),
+        m_clog( Catch::clog(), m_rss.get() )
+    {}
+    auto RedirectedStdErr::str() const -> std::string { return m_rss.str(); }
+
+    RedirectedStreams::RedirectedStreams(std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr)
+    :   m_redirectedCout(redirectedCout),
+        m_redirectedCerr(redirectedCerr)
+    {}
+
+    RedirectedStreams::~RedirectedStreams() {
+        m_redirectedCout += m_redirectedStdOut.str();
+        m_redirectedCerr += m_redirectedStdErr.str();
+    }
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    TempFile::TempFile() {
+        if (tmpnam_s(m_buffer)) {
+            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not get a temp filename");
+        }
+        if (fopen_s(&m_file, m_buffer, "w+")) {
+            char buffer[100];
+            if (strerror_s(buffer, errno)) {
+                CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not translate errno to a string");
+            }
+            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not open the temp file: '" << m_buffer << "' because: " << buffer);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    TempFile::TempFile() {
+        m_file = std::tmpfile();
+        if (!m_file) {
+            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not create a temp file.");
+        }
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    TempFile::~TempFile() {
+         // TBD: What to do about errors here?
+         std::fclose(m_file);
+         // We manually create the file on Windows only, on Linux
+         // it will be autodeleted
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+         std::remove(m_buffer);
+#endif
+    }
+
+
+    FILE* TempFile::getFile() {
+        return m_file;
+    }
+
+    std::string TempFile::getContents() {
+        std::stringstream sstr;
+        char buffer[100] = {};
+        std::rewind(m_file);
+        while (std::fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), m_file)) {
+            sstr << buffer;
+        }
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+    OutputRedirect::OutputRedirect(std::string& stdout_dest, std::string& stderr_dest) :
+        m_originalStdout(dup(1)),
+        m_originalStderr(dup(2)),
+        m_stdoutDest(stdout_dest),
+        m_stderrDest(stderr_dest) {
+        dup2(fileno(m_stdoutFile.getFile()), 1);
+        dup2(fileno(m_stderrFile.getFile()), 2);
+    }
+
+    OutputRedirect::~OutputRedirect() {
+        Catch::cout() << std::flush;
+        fflush(stdout);
+        // Since we support overriding these streams, we flush cerr
+        // even though std::cerr is unbuffered
+        Catch::cerr() << std::flush;
+        Catch::clog() << std::flush;
+        fflush(stderr);
+
+        dup2(m_originalStdout, 1);
+        dup2(m_originalStderr, 2);
+
+        m_stdoutDest += m_stdoutFile.getContents();
+        m_stderrDest += m_stderrFile.getContents();
+    }
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #undef dup
+    #undef dup2
+    #undef fileno
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Optional<unsigned int> parseUInt(std::string const& input, int base) {
+        auto trimmed = trim( input );
+        // std::stoull is annoying and accepts numbers starting with '-',
+        // it just negates them into unsigned int
+        if ( trimmed.empty() || trimmed[0] == '-' ) {
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            size_t pos = 0;
+            const auto ret = std::stoull( trimmed, &pos, base );
+
+            // We did not consume the whole input, so there is an issue
+            // This can be bunch of different stuff, like multiple numbers
+            // in the input, or invalid digits/characters and so on. Either
+            // way, we do not want to return the partially parsed result.
+            if ( pos != trimmed.size() ) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            // Too large
+            if ( ret > std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max() ) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(ret);
+        }
+        CATCH_CATCH_ANON( std::invalid_argument const& ) {
+            // no conversion could be performed
+        }
+        CATCH_CATCH_ANON( std::out_of_range const& ) {
+            // the input does not fit into an unsigned long long
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN)
+    bool isnan(float f) {
+        return std::isnan(f);
+    }
+    bool isnan(double d) {
+        return std::isnan(d);
+    }
+#else
+    // For now we only use this for embarcadero
+    bool isnan(float f) {
+        return std::_isnan(f);
+    }
+    bool isnan(double d) {
+        return std::_isnan(d);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER )
+    float nextafter( float x, float y ) { return std::nextafter( x, y ); }
+    double nextafter( double x, double y ) { return std::nextafter( x, y ); }
+#else
+    float nextafter( float x, float y ) { return ::nextafterf( x, y ); }
+    double nextafter( double x, double y ) { return ::nextafter( x, y ); }
+#endif
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace {
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4146) // we negate uint32 during the rotate
+#endif
+        // Safe rotr implementation thanks to John Regehr
+        uint32_t rotate_right(uint32_t val, uint32_t count) {
+            const uint32_t mask = 31;
+            count &= mask;
+            return (val >> count) | (val << (-count & mask));
+        }
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+    SimplePcg32::SimplePcg32(result_type seed_) {
+        seed(seed_);
+    }
+
+
+    void SimplePcg32::seed(result_type seed_) {
+        m_state = 0;
+        (*this)();
+        m_state += seed_;
+        (*this)();
+    }
+
+    void SimplePcg32::discard(uint64_t skip) {
+        // We could implement this to run in O(log n) steps, but this
+        // should suffice for our use case.
+        for (uint64_t s = 0; s < skip; ++s) {
+            static_cast<void>((*this)());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SimplePcg32::result_type SimplePcg32::operator()() {
+        // prepare the output value
+        const uint32_t xorshifted = static_cast<uint32_t>(((m_state >> 18u) ^ m_state) >> 27u);
+        const auto output = rotate_right(xorshifted, m_state >> 59u);
+
+        // advance state
+        m_state = m_state * 6364136223846793005ULL + s_inc;
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_state == rhs.m_state;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_state != rhs.m_state;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <random>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    std::uint32_t generateRandomSeed( GenerateFrom from ) {
+        switch ( from ) {
+        case GenerateFrom::Time:
+            return static_cast<std::uint32_t>( std::time( nullptr ) );
+
+        case GenerateFrom::Default:
+        case GenerateFrom::RandomDevice: {
+            std::random_device rd;
+            return Detail::fillBitsFrom<std::uint32_t>( rd );
+        }
+
+        default:
+            CATCH_ERROR("Unknown generation method");
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    struct ReporterRegistry::ReporterRegistryImpl {
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory>> listeners;
+        std::map<std::string, IReporterFactoryPtr, Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess>
+            factories;
+    };
+
+    ReporterRegistry::ReporterRegistry():
+        m_impl( Detail::make_unique<ReporterRegistryImpl>() ) {
+        // Because it is impossible to move out of initializer list,
+        // we have to add the elements manually
+        m_impl->factories["Automake"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<AutomakeReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["compact"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<CompactReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["console"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<ConsoleReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["JUnit"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<JunitReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["SonarQube"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<SonarQubeReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["TAP"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<TAPReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["TeamCity"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<TeamCityReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["XML"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<XmlReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["JSON"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<JsonReporter>>();
+    }
+
+    ReporterRegistry::~ReporterRegistry() = default;
+
+    IEventListenerPtr
+    ReporterRegistry::create( std::string const& name,
+                              ReporterConfig&& config ) const {
+        auto it = m_impl->factories.find( name );
+        if ( it == m_impl->factories.end() ) return nullptr;
+        return it->second->create( CATCH_MOVE( config ) );
+    }
+
+    void ReporterRegistry::registerReporter( std::string const& name,
+                                             IReporterFactoryPtr factory ) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( name.find( "::" ) == name.npos,
+                       "'::' is not allowed in reporter name: '" + name +
+                           '\'' );
+        auto ret = m_impl->factories.emplace( name, CATCH_MOVE( factory ) );
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( ret.second,
+                       "reporter using '" + name +
+                           "' as name was already registered" );
+    }
+    void ReporterRegistry::registerListener(
+        Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory ) {
+        m_impl->listeners.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( factory ) );
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::string,
+             IReporterFactoryPtr,
+             Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess> const&
+    ReporterRegistry::getFactories() const {
+        return m_impl->factories;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory>> const&
+    ReporterRegistry::getListeners() const {
+        return m_impl->listeners;
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        struct kvPair {
+            StringRef key, value;
+        };
+
+        kvPair splitKVPair(StringRef kvString) {
+            auto splitPos = static_cast<size_t>(
+                std::find( kvString.begin(), kvString.end(), '=' ) -
+                kvString.begin() );
+
+            return { kvString.substr( 0, splitPos ),
+                     kvString.substr( splitPos + 1, kvString.size() ) };
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        std::vector<std::string> splitReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec ) {
+            static constexpr auto separator = "::";
+            static constexpr size_t separatorSize = 2;
+
+            size_t separatorPos = 0;
+            auto findNextSeparator = [&reporterSpec]( size_t startPos ) {
+                static_assert(
+                    separatorSize == 2,
+                    "The code below currently assumes 2 char separator" );
+
+                auto currentPos = startPos;
+                do {
+                    while ( currentPos < reporterSpec.size() &&
+                            reporterSpec[currentPos] != separator[0] ) {
+                        ++currentPos;
+                    }
+                    if ( currentPos + 1 < reporterSpec.size() &&
+                         reporterSpec[currentPos + 1] == separator[1] ) {
+                        return currentPos;
+                    }
+                    ++currentPos;
+                } while ( currentPos < reporterSpec.size() );
+
+                return static_cast<size_t>( -1 );
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::string> parts;
+
+            while ( separatorPos < reporterSpec.size() ) {
+                const auto nextSeparator = findNextSeparator( separatorPos );
+                parts.push_back( static_cast<std::string>( reporterSpec.substr(
+                    separatorPos, nextSeparator - separatorPos ) ) );
+
+                if ( nextSeparator == static_cast<size_t>( -1 ) ) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                separatorPos = nextSeparator + separatorSize;
+            }
+
+            // Handle a separator at the end.
+            // This is not a valid spec, but we want to do validation in a
+            // centralized place
+            if ( separatorPos == reporterSpec.size() ) {
+                parts.emplace_back();
+            }
+
+            return parts;
+        }
+
+        Optional<ColourMode> stringToColourMode( StringRef colourMode ) {
+            if ( colourMode == "default" ) {
+                return ColourMode::PlatformDefault;
+            } else if ( colourMode == "ansi" ) {
+                return ColourMode::ANSI;
+            } else if ( colourMode == "win32" ) {
+                return ColourMode::Win32;
+            } else if ( colourMode == "none" ) {
+                return ColourMode::None;
+            } else {
+                return {};
+            }
+        }
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+
+    bool operator==( ReporterSpec const& lhs, ReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+        return lhs.m_name == rhs.m_name &&
+               lhs.m_outputFileName == rhs.m_outputFileName &&
+               lhs.m_colourMode == rhs.m_colourMode &&
+               lhs.m_customOptions == rhs.m_customOptions;
+    }
+
+    Optional<ReporterSpec> parseReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec ) {
+        auto parts = Detail::splitReporterSpec( reporterSpec );
+
+        assert( parts.size() > 0 && "Split should never return empty vector" );
+
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> kvPairs;
+        Optional<std::string> outputFileName;
+        Optional<ColourMode> colourMode;
+
+        // First part is always reporter name, so we skip it
+        for ( size_t i = 1; i < parts.size(); ++i ) {
+            auto kv = splitKVPair( parts[i] );
+            auto key = kv.key, value = kv.value;
+
+            if ( key.empty() || value.empty() ) { // NOLINT(bugprone-branch-clone)
+                return {};
+            } else if ( key[0] == 'X' ) {
+                // This is a reporter-specific option, we don't check these
+                // apart from basic sanity checks
+                if ( key.size() == 1 ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+
+                auto ret = kvPairs.emplace( std::string(kv.key), std::string(kv.value) );
+                if ( !ret.second ) {
+                    // Duplicated key. We might want to handle this differently,
+                    // e.g. by overwriting the existing value?
+                    return {};
+                }
+            } else if ( key == "out" ) {
+                // Duplicated key
+                if ( outputFileName ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+                outputFileName = static_cast<std::string>( value );
+            } else if ( key == "colour-mode" ) {
+                // Duplicated key
+                if ( colourMode ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+                colourMode = Detail::stringToColourMode( value );
+                // Parsing failed
+                if ( !colourMode ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Unrecognized option
+                return {};
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ReporterSpec{ CATCH_MOVE( parts[0] ),
+                             CATCH_MOVE( outputFileName ),
+                             CATCH_MOVE( colourMode ),
+                             CATCH_MOVE( kvPairs ) };
+    }
+
+ReporterSpec::ReporterSpec(
+        std::string name,
+        Optional<std::string> outputFileName,
+        Optional<ColourMode> colourMode,
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions ):
+        m_name( CATCH_MOVE( name ) ),
+        m_outputFileName( CATCH_MOVE( outputFileName ) ),
+        m_colourMode( CATCH_MOVE( colourMode ) ),
+        m_customOptions( CATCH_MOVE( customOptions ) ) {}
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool isOk( ResultWas::OfType resultType ) {
+        return ( resultType & ResultWas::FailureBit ) == 0;
+    }
+    bool isJustInfo( int flags ) {
+        return flags == ResultWas::Info;
+    }
+
+    ResultDisposition::Flags operator | ( ResultDisposition::Flags lhs, ResultDisposition::Flags rhs ) {
+        return static_cast<ResultDisposition::Flags>( static_cast<int>( lhs ) | static_cast<int>( rhs ) );
+    }
+
+    bool shouldContinueOnFailure( int flags )    { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure ) != 0; }
+    bool shouldSuppressFailure( int flags )      { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::SuppressFail ) != 0; }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // This class encapsulates the idea of a pool of ostringstreams that can be reused.
+    struct StringStreams {
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<std::ostringstream>> m_streams;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_unused;
+        std::ostringstream m_referenceStream; // Used for copy state/ flags from
+
+        auto add() -> std::size_t {
+            if( m_unused.empty() ) {
+                m_streams.push_back( Detail::make_unique<std::ostringstream>() );
+                return m_streams.size()-1;
+            }
+            else {
+                auto index = m_unused.back();
+                m_unused.pop_back();
+                return index;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void release( std::size_t index ) {
+            m_streams[index]->copyfmt( m_referenceStream ); // Restore initial flags and other state
+            m_unused.push_back(index);
+        }
+    };
+
+    ReusableStringStream::ReusableStringStream()
+    :   m_index( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().add() ),
+        m_oss( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().m_streams[m_index].get() )
+    {}
+
+    ReusableStringStream::~ReusableStringStream() {
+        static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str("");
+        m_oss->clear();
+        Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().release( m_index );
+    }
+
+    std::string ReusableStringStream::str() const {
+        return static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str();
+    }
+
+    void ReusableStringStream::str( std::string const& str ) {
+        static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str( str );
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Generators {
+        namespace {
+            struct GeneratorTracker final : TestCaseTracking::TrackerBase,
+                                      IGeneratorTracker {
+                GeneratorBasePtr m_generator;
+
+                GeneratorTracker(
+                    TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation,
+                    TrackerContext& ctx,
+                    ITracker* parent ):
+                    TrackerBase( CATCH_MOVE( nameAndLocation ), ctx, parent ) {}
+
+                static GeneratorTracker*
+                acquire( TrackerContext& ctx,
+                         TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef const&
+                             nameAndLocation ) {
+                    GeneratorTracker* tracker;
+
+                    ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
+                    // Under specific circumstances, the generator we want
+                    // to acquire is also the current tracker. If this is
+                    // the case, we have to avoid looking through current
+                    // tracker's children, and instead return the current
+                    // tracker.
+                    // A case where this check is important is e.g.
+                    //     for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+                    //         int n = GENERATE(1, 2);
+                    //     }
+                    //
+                    // without it, the code above creates 5 nested generators.
+                    if ( currentTracker.nameAndLocation() == nameAndLocation ) {
+                        auto thisTracker = currentTracker.parent()->findChild(
+                            nameAndLocation );
+                        assert( thisTracker );
+                        assert( thisTracker->isGeneratorTracker() );
+                        tracker = static_cast<GeneratorTracker*>( thisTracker );
+                    } else if ( ITracker* childTracker =
+                                    currentTracker.findChild(
+                                        nameAndLocation ) ) {
+                        assert( childTracker );
+                        assert( childTracker->isGeneratorTracker() );
+                        tracker =
+                            static_cast<GeneratorTracker*>( childTracker );
+                    } else {
+                        return nullptr;
+                    }
+
+                    if ( !tracker->isComplete() ) { tracker->open(); }
+
+                    return tracker;
+                }
+
+                // TrackerBase interface
+                bool isGeneratorTracker() const override { return true; }
+                auto hasGenerator() const -> bool override {
+                    return !!m_generator;
+                }
+                void close() override {
+                    TrackerBase::close();
+                    // If a generator has a child (it is followed by a section)
+                    // and none of its children have started, then we must wait
+                    // until later to start consuming its values.
+                    // This catches cases where `GENERATE` is placed between two
+                    // `SECTION`s.
+                    // **The check for m_children.empty cannot be removed**.
+                    // doing so would break `GENERATE` _not_ followed by
+                    // `SECTION`s.
+                    const bool should_wait_for_child = [&]() {
+                        // No children -> nobody to wait for
+                        if ( m_children.empty() ) { return false; }
+                        // If at least one child started executing, don't wait
+                        if ( std::find_if(
+                                 m_children.begin(),
+                                 m_children.end(),
+                                 []( TestCaseTracking::ITrackerPtr const&
+                                         tracker ) {
+                                     return tracker->hasStarted();
+                                 } ) != m_children.end() ) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // No children have started. We need to check if they
+                        // _can_ start, and thus we should wait for them, or
+                        // they cannot start (due to filters), and we shouldn't
+                        // wait for them
+                        ITracker* parent = m_parent;
+                        // This is safe: there is always at least one section
+                        // tracker in a test case tracking tree
+                        while ( !parent->isSectionTracker() ) {
+                            parent = parent->parent();
+                        }
+                        assert( parent &&
+                                "Missing root (test case) level section" );
+
+                        auto const& parentSection =
+                            static_cast<SectionTracker const&>( *parent );
+                        auto const& filters = parentSection.getFilters();
+                        // No filters -> no restrictions on running sections
+                        if ( filters.empty() ) { return true; }
+
+                        for ( auto const& child : m_children ) {
+                            if ( child->isSectionTracker() &&
+                                 std::find( filters.begin(),
+                                            filters.end(),
+                                            static_cast<SectionTracker const&>(
+                                                *child )
+                                                .trimmedName() ) !=
+                                     filters.end() ) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                    }();
+
+                    // This check is a bit tricky, because m_generator->next()
+                    // has a side-effect, where it consumes generator's current
+                    // value, but we do not want to invoke the side-effect if
+                    // this generator is still waiting for any child to start.
+                    assert( m_generator && "Tracker without generator" );
+                    if ( should_wait_for_child ||
+                         ( m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully &&
+                           m_generator->countedNext() ) ) {
+                        m_children.clear();
+                        m_runState = Executing;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // IGeneratorTracker interface
+                auto getGenerator() const -> GeneratorBasePtr const& override {
+                    return m_generator;
+                }
+                void setGenerator( GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) override {
+                    m_generator = CATCH_MOVE( generator );
+                }
+            };
+        } // namespace
+    }
+
+    RunContext::RunContext(IConfig const* _config, IEventListenerPtr&& reporter)
+    :   m_runInfo(_config->name()),
+        m_config(_config),
+        m_reporter(CATCH_MOVE(reporter)),
+        m_lastAssertionInfo{ StringRef(), SourceLineInfo("",0), StringRef(), ResultDisposition::Normal },
+        m_includeSuccessfulResults( m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions )
+    {
+        getCurrentMutableContext().setResultCapture( this );
+        m_reporter->testRunStarting(m_runInfo);
+    }
+
+    RunContext::~RunContext() {
+        m_reporter->testRunEnded(TestRunStats(m_runInfo, m_totals, aborting()));
+    }
+
+    Totals RunContext::runTest(TestCaseHandle const& testCase) {
+        const Totals prevTotals = m_totals;
+
+        auto const& testInfo = testCase.getTestCaseInfo();
+        m_reporter->testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+        m_activeTestCase = &testCase;
+
+
+        ITracker& rootTracker = m_trackerContext.startRun();
+        assert(rootTracker.isSectionTracker());
+        static_cast<SectionTracker&>(rootTracker).addInitialFilters(m_config->getSectionsToRun());
+
+        // We intentionally only seed the internal RNG once per test case,
+        // before it is first invoked. The reason for that is a complex
+        // interplay of generator/section implementation details and the
+        // Random*Generator types.
+        //
+        // The issue boils down to us needing to seed the Random*Generators
+        // with different seed each, so that they return different sequences
+        // of random numbers. We do this by giving them a number from the
+        // shared RNG instance as their seed.
+        //
+        // However, this runs into an issue if the reseeding happens each
+        // time the test case is entered (as opposed to first time only),
+        // because multiple generators could get the same seed, e.g. in
+        // ```cpp
+        // TEST_CASE() {
+        //     auto i = GENERATE(take(10, random(0, 100));
+        //     SECTION("A") {
+        //         auto j = GENERATE(take(10, random(0, 100));
+        //     }
+        //     SECTION("B") {
+        //         auto k = GENERATE(take(10, random(0, 100));
+        //     }
+        // }
+        // ```
+        // `i` and `j` would properly return values from different sequences,
+        // but `i` and `k` would return the same sequence, because their seed
+        // would be the same.
+        // (The reason their seeds would be the same is that the generator
+        //  for k would be initialized when the test case is entered the second
+        //  time, after the shared RNG instance was reset to the same value
+        //  it had when the generator for i was initialized.)
+        seedRng( *m_config );
+
+        uint64_t testRuns = 0;
+        std::string redirectedCout;
+        std::string redirectedCerr;
+        do {
+            m_trackerContext.startCycle();
+            m_testCaseTracker = &SectionTracker::acquire(m_trackerContext, TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef(testInfo.name, testInfo.lineInfo));
+
+            m_reporter->testCasePartialStarting(testInfo, testRuns);
+
+            const auto beforeRunTotals = m_totals;
+            std::string oneRunCout, oneRunCerr;
+            runCurrentTest(oneRunCout, oneRunCerr);
+            redirectedCout += oneRunCout;
+            redirectedCerr += oneRunCerr;
+
+            const auto singleRunTotals = m_totals.delta(beforeRunTotals);
+            auto statsForOneRun = TestCaseStats(testInfo, singleRunTotals, CATCH_MOVE(oneRunCout), CATCH_MOVE(oneRunCerr), aborting());
+
+            m_reporter->testCasePartialEnded(statsForOneRun, testRuns);
+            ++testRuns;
+        } while (!m_testCaseTracker->isSuccessfullyCompleted() && !aborting());
+
+        Totals deltaTotals = m_totals.delta(prevTotals);
+        if (testInfo.expectedToFail() && deltaTotals.testCases.passed > 0) {
+            deltaTotals.assertions.failed++;
+            deltaTotals.testCases.passed--;
+            deltaTotals.testCases.failed++;
+        }
+        m_totals.testCases += deltaTotals.testCases;
+        m_reporter->testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats(testInfo,
+                                  deltaTotals,
+                                  CATCH_MOVE(redirectedCout),
+                                  CATCH_MOVE(redirectedCerr),
+                                  aborting()));
+
+        m_activeTestCase = nullptr;
+        m_testCaseTracker = nullptr;
+
+        return deltaTotals;
+    }
+
+
+    void RunContext::assertionEnded(AssertionResult&& result) {
+        if (result.getResultType() == ResultWas::Ok) {
+            m_totals.assertions.passed++;
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        } else if (result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip) {
+            m_totals.assertions.skipped++;
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        } else if (!result.succeeded()) {
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = false;
+            if (result.isOk()) {
+            }
+            else if( m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().okToFail() )
+                m_totals.assertions.failedButOk++;
+            else
+                m_totals.assertions.failed++;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        }
+
+        m_reporter->assertionEnded(AssertionStats(result, m_messages, m_totals));
+
+        if ( result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning ) {
+            m_messageScopes.clear();
+        }
+
+        // Reset working state. assertion info will be reset after
+        // populateReaction is run if it is needed
+        m_lastResult = CATCH_MOVE( result );
+    }
+    void RunContext::resetAssertionInfo() {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.macroName = StringRef();
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.capturedExpression = "{Unknown expression after the reported line}"_sr;
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition = ResultDisposition::Normal;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::notifyAssertionStarted( AssertionInfo const& info ) {
+        m_reporter->assertionStarting( info );
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::sectionStarted( StringRef sectionName,
+                                     SourceLineInfo const& sectionLineInfo,
+                                     Counts& assertions ) {
+        ITracker& sectionTracker =
+            SectionTracker::acquire( m_trackerContext,
+                                     TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef(
+                                         sectionName, sectionLineInfo ) );
+
+        if (!sectionTracker.isOpen())
+            return false;
+        m_activeSections.push_back(&sectionTracker);
+
+        SectionInfo sectionInfo( sectionLineInfo, static_cast<std::string>(sectionName) );
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo = sectionInfo.lineInfo;
+
+        m_reporter->sectionStarting(sectionInfo);
+
+        assertions = m_totals.assertions;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    IGeneratorTracker*
+    RunContext::acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                         SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
+        using namespace Generators;
+        GeneratorTracker* tracker = GeneratorTracker::acquire(
+            m_trackerContext,
+            TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef(
+                 generatorName, lineInfo ) );
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo = lineInfo;
+        return tracker;
+    }
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* RunContext::createGeneratorTracker(
+        StringRef generatorName,
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+        Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) {
+
+        auto nameAndLoc = TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation( static_cast<std::string>( generatorName ), lineInfo );
+        auto& currentTracker = m_trackerContext.currentTracker();
+        assert(
+            currentTracker.nameAndLocation() != nameAndLoc &&
+            "Trying to create tracker for a genreator that already has one" );
+
+        auto newTracker = Catch::Detail::make_unique<Generators::GeneratorTracker>(
+            CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLoc), m_trackerContext, &currentTracker );
+        auto ret = newTracker.get();
+        currentTracker.addChild( CATCH_MOVE( newTracker ) );
+
+        ret->setGenerator( CATCH_MOVE( generator ) );
+        ret->open();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::testForMissingAssertions(Counts& assertions) {
+        if (assertions.total() != 0)
+            return false;
+        if (!m_config->warnAboutMissingAssertions())
+            return false;
+        if (m_trackerContext.currentTracker().hasChildren())
+            return false;
+        m_totals.assertions.failed++;
+        assertions.failed++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::sectionEnded(SectionEndInfo&& endInfo) {
+        Counts assertions = m_totals.assertions - endInfo.prevAssertions;
+        bool missingAssertions = testForMissingAssertions(assertions);
+
+        if (!m_activeSections.empty()) {
+            m_activeSections.back()->close();
+            m_activeSections.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        m_reporter->sectionEnded(SectionStats(CATCH_MOVE(endInfo.sectionInfo), assertions, endInfo.durationInSeconds, missingAssertions));
+        m_messages.clear();
+        m_messageScopes.clear();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::sectionEndedEarly(SectionEndInfo&& endInfo) {
+        if ( m_unfinishedSections.empty() ) {
+            m_activeSections.back()->fail();
+        } else {
+            m_activeSections.back()->close();
+        }
+        m_activeSections.pop_back();
+
+        m_unfinishedSections.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(endInfo));
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+        m_reporter->benchmarkPreparing(name);
+    }
+    void RunContext::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) {
+        m_reporter->benchmarkStarting( info );
+    }
+    void RunContext::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) {
+        m_reporter->benchmarkEnded( stats );
+    }
+    void RunContext::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) {
+        m_reporter->benchmarkFailed( error );
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::pushScopedMessage(MessageInfo const & message) {
+        m_messages.push_back(message);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::popScopedMessage(MessageInfo const & message) {
+        m_messages.erase(std::remove(m_messages.begin(), m_messages.end(), message), m_messages.end());
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ) {
+        m_messageScopes.emplace_back( CATCH_MOVE(builder) );
+    }
+
+    std::string RunContext::getCurrentTestName() const {
+        return m_activeTestCase
+            ? m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().name
+            : std::string();
+    }
+
+    const AssertionResult * RunContext::getLastResult() const {
+        return &(*m_lastResult);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::exceptionEarlyReported() {
+        m_shouldReportUnexpected = false;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) {
+        // First notify reporter that bad things happened
+        m_reporter->fatalErrorEncountered(message);
+
+        // Don't rebuild the result -- the stringification itself can cause more fatal errors
+        // Instead, fake a result data.
+        AssertionResultData tempResult( ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition, { false } );
+        tempResult.message = static_cast<std::string>(message);
+        AssertionResult result(m_lastAssertionInfo, CATCH_MOVE(tempResult));
+
+        assertionEnded(CATCH_MOVE(result) );
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+
+        // Best effort cleanup for sections that have not been destructed yet
+        // Since this is a fatal error, we have not had and won't have the opportunity to destruct them properly
+        while (!m_activeSections.empty()) {
+            auto nl = m_activeSections.back()->nameAndLocation();
+            SectionEndInfo endInfo{ SectionInfo(CATCH_MOVE(nl.location), CATCH_MOVE(nl.name)), {}, 0.0 };
+            sectionEndedEarly(CATCH_MOVE(endInfo));
+        }
+        handleUnfinishedSections();
+
+        // Recreate section for test case (as we will lose the one that was in scope)
+        auto const& testCaseInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name);
+
+        Counts assertions;
+        assertions.failed = 1;
+        SectionStats testCaseSectionStats(CATCH_MOVE(testCaseSection), assertions, 0, false);
+        m_reporter->sectionEnded(testCaseSectionStats);
+
+        auto const& testInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+
+        Totals deltaTotals;
+        deltaTotals.testCases.failed = 1;
+        deltaTotals.assertions.failed = 1;
+        m_reporter->testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats(testInfo,
+                                  deltaTotals,
+                                  std::string(),
+                                  std::string(),
+                                  false));
+        m_totals.testCases.failed++;
+        m_reporter->testRunEnded(TestRunStats(m_runInfo, m_totals, false));
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::lastAssertionPassed() {
+         return m_lastAssertionPassed;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::assertionPassed() {
+        m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        ++m_totals.assertions.passed;
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+        m_messageScopes.clear();
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::aborting() const {
+        return m_totals.assertions.failed >= static_cast<std::size_t>(m_config->abortAfter());
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::runCurrentTest(std::string & redirectedCout, std::string & redirectedCerr) {
+        auto const& testCaseInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name);
+        m_reporter->sectionStarting(testCaseSection);
+        Counts prevAssertions = m_totals.assertions;
+        double duration = 0;
+        m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = { "TEST_CASE"_sr, testCaseInfo.lineInfo, StringRef(), ResultDisposition::Normal };
+
+        Timer timer;
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            if (m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut) {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_REDIRECT)
+                RedirectedStreams redirectedStreams(redirectedCout, redirectedCerr);
+
+                timer.start();
+                invokeActiveTestCase();
+#else
+                OutputRedirect r(redirectedCout, redirectedCerr);
+                timer.start();
+                invokeActiveTestCase();
+#endif
+            } else {
+                timer.start();
+                invokeActiveTestCase();
+            }
+            duration = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestFailureException&) {
+            // This just means the test was aborted due to failure
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestSkipException&) {
+            // This just means the test was explicitly skipped
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // Under CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE, unexpected exceptions under REQUIRE assertions
+            // are reported without translation at the point of origin.
+            if( m_shouldReportUnexpected ) {
+                AssertionReaction dummyReaction;
+                handleUnexpectedInflightException( m_lastAssertionInfo, translateActiveException(), dummyReaction );
+            }
+        }
+        Counts assertions = m_totals.assertions - prevAssertions;
+        bool missingAssertions = testForMissingAssertions(assertions);
+
+        m_testCaseTracker->close();
+        handleUnfinishedSections();
+        m_messages.clear();
+        m_messageScopes.clear();
+
+        SectionStats testCaseSectionStats(CATCH_MOVE(testCaseSection), assertions, duration, missingAssertions);
+        m_reporter->sectionEnded(testCaseSectionStats);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::invokeActiveTestCase() {
+        // We need to engage a handler for signals/structured exceptions
+        // before running the tests themselves, or the binary can crash
+        // without failed test being reported.
+        FatalConditionHandlerGuard _(&m_fatalConditionhandler);
+        // We keep having issue where some compilers warn about an unused
+        // variable, even though the type has non-trivial constructor and
+        // destructor. This is annoying and ugly, but it makes them stfu.
+        (void)_;
+
+        m_activeTestCase->invoke();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleUnfinishedSections() {
+        // If sections ended prematurely due to an exception we stored their
+        // infos here so we can tear them down outside the unwind process.
+        for (auto it = m_unfinishedSections.rbegin(),
+             itEnd = m_unfinishedSections.rend();
+             it != itEnd;
+             ++it)
+            sectionEnded(CATCH_MOVE(*it));
+        m_unfinishedSections.clear();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleExpr(
+        AssertionInfo const& info,
+        ITransientExpression const& expr,
+        AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        bool negated = isFalseTest( info.resultDisposition );
+        bool result = expr.getResult() != negated;
+
+        if( result ) {
+            if (!m_includeSuccessfulResults) {
+                assertionPassed();
+            }
+            else {
+                reportExpr(info, ResultWas::Ok, &expr, negated);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            reportExpr(info, ResultWas::ExpressionFailed, &expr, negated );
+            populateReaction( reaction );
+        }
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+    void RunContext::reportExpr(
+            AssertionInfo const &info,
+            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+            ITransientExpression const *expr,
+            bool negated ) {
+
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( negated ) );
+
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+        assertionResult.m_resultData.lazyExpression.m_transientExpression = expr;
+
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleMessage(
+            AssertionInfo const& info,
+            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+            StringRef message,
+            AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        data.message = static_cast<std::string>(message);
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ m_lastAssertionInfo,
+                                         CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+
+        const auto isOk = assertionResult.isOk();
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        if ( !isOk ) {
+            populateReaction( reaction );
+        } else if ( resultType == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            // TODO: Need to handle this explicitly, as ExplicitSkip is
+            // considered "OK"
+            reaction.shouldSkip = true;
+        }
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+    void RunContext::handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(
+            AssertionInfo const& info,
+            AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        handleNonExpr(info, Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException, reaction);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleUnexpectedInflightException(
+            AssertionInfo const& info,
+            std::string&& message,
+            AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( ResultWas::ThrewException, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        data.message = CATCH_MOVE(message);
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE(data) };
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        populateReaction( reaction );
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::populateReaction( AssertionReaction& reaction ) {
+        reaction.shouldDebugBreak = m_config->shouldDebugBreak();
+        reaction.shouldThrow = aborting() || (m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition & ResultDisposition::Normal);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleIncomplete(
+            AssertionInfo const& info
+    ) {
+        using namespace std::string_literals;
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( ResultWas::ThrewException, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        data.message = "Exception translation was disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE"s;
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+    void RunContext::handleNonExpr(
+            AssertionInfo const &info,
+            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+            AssertionReaction &reaction
+    ) {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+
+        const auto isOk = assertionResult.isOk();
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        if ( !isOk ) { populateReaction( reaction ); }
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+
+
+    IResultCapture& getResultCapture() {
+        if (auto* capture = getCurrentContext().getResultCapture())
+            return *capture;
+        else
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("No result capture instance");
+    }
+
+    void seedRng(IConfig const& config) {
+        sharedRng().seed(config.rngSeed());
+    }
+
+    unsigned int rngSeed() {
+        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->rngSeed();
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Section::Section( SectionInfo&& info ):
+        m_info( CATCH_MOVE( info ) ),
+        m_sectionIncluded(
+            getResultCapture().sectionStarted( m_info.name, m_info.lineInfo, m_assertions ) ) {
+        // Non-"included" sections will not use the timing information
+        // anyway, so don't bother with the potential syscall.
+        if (m_sectionIncluded) {
+            m_timer.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Section::Section( SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                      StringRef _name,
+                      const char* const ):
+        m_info( { "invalid", static_cast<std::size_t>( -1 ) }, std::string{} ),
+        m_sectionIncluded(
+            getResultCapture().sectionStarted( _name, _lineInfo, m_assertions ) ) {
+        // We delay initialization the SectionInfo member until we know
+        // this section needs it, so we avoid allocating std::string for name.
+        // We also delay timer start to avoid the potential syscall unless we
+        // will actually use the result.
+        if ( m_sectionIncluded ) {
+            m_info.name = static_cast<std::string>( _name );
+            m_info.lineInfo = _lineInfo;
+            m_timer.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Section::~Section() {
+        if( m_sectionIncluded ) {
+            SectionEndInfo endInfo{ CATCH_MOVE(m_info), m_assertions, m_timer.getElapsedSeconds() };
+            if ( uncaught_exceptions() ) {
+                getResultCapture().sectionEndedEarly( CATCH_MOVE(endInfo) );
+            } else {
+                getResultCapture().sectionEnded( CATCH_MOVE( endInfo ) );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This indicates whether the section should be executed or not
+    Section::operator bool() const {
+        return m_sectionIncluded;
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static auto getSingletons() -> std::vector<ISingleton*>*& {
+            static std::vector<ISingleton*>* g_singletons = nullptr;
+            if( !g_singletons )
+                g_singletons = new std::vector<ISingleton*>();
+            return g_singletons;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ISingleton::~ISingleton() = default;
+
+    void addSingleton(ISingleton* singleton ) {
+        getSingletons()->push_back( singleton );
+    }
+    void cleanupSingletons() {
+        auto& singletons = getSingletons();
+        for( auto singleton : *singletons )
+            delete singleton;
+        delete singletons;
+        singletons = nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool SourceLineInfo::operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept {
+        return line == other.line && (file == other.file || std::strcmp(file, other.file) == 0);
+    }
+    bool SourceLineInfo::operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept {
+        // We can assume that the same file will usually have the same pointer.
+        // Thus, if the pointers are the same, there is no point in calling the strcmp
+        return line < other.line || ( line == other.line && file != other.file && (std::strcmp(file, other.file) < 0));
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info ) {
+#ifndef __GNUG__
+        os << info.file << '(' << info.line << ')';
+#else
+        os << info.file << ':' << info.line;
+#endif
+        return os;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    void StartupExceptionRegistry::add( std::exception_ptr const& exception ) noexcept {
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            m_exceptions.push_back(exception);
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // If we run out of memory during start-up there's really not a lot more we can do about it
+            std::terminate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::exception_ptr> const& StartupExceptionRegistry::getExceptions() const noexcept {
+        return m_exceptions;
+    }
+#endif
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+// If you #define this you must implement these functions
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NOSTDOUT )
+    std::ostream& cout() { return std::cout; }
+    std::ostream& cerr() { return std::cerr; }
+    std::ostream& clog() { return std::clog; }
+#endif
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix ) {
+        return s.size() >= prefix.size() && std::equal(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), s.begin());
+    }
+    bool startsWith( StringRef s, char prefix ) {
+        return !s.empty() && s[0] == prefix;
+    }
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& suffix ) {
+        return s.size() >= suffix.size() && std::equal(suffix.rbegin(), suffix.rend(), s.rbegin());
+    }
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, char suffix ) {
+        return !s.empty() && s[s.size()-1] == suffix;
+    }
+    bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix ) {
+        return s.find( infix ) != std::string::npos;
+    }
+    void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s ) {
+        for ( char& c : s ) {
+            c = toLower( c );
+        }
+    }
+    std::string toLower( std::string const& s ) {
+        std::string lc = s;
+        toLowerInPlace( lc );
+        return lc;
+    }
+    char toLower(char c) {
+        return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+    }
+
+    std::string trim( std::string const& str ) {
+        static char const* whitespaceChars = "\n\r\t ";
+        std::string::size_type start = str.find_first_not_of( whitespaceChars );
+        std::string::size_type end = str.find_last_not_of( whitespaceChars );
+
+        return start != std::string::npos ? str.substr( start, 1+end-start ) : std::string();
+    }
+
+    StringRef trim(StringRef ref) {
+        const auto is_ws = [](char c) {
+            return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r';
+        };
+        size_t real_begin = 0;
+        while (real_begin < ref.size() && is_ws(ref[real_begin])) { ++real_begin; }
+        size_t real_end = ref.size();
+        while (real_end > real_begin && is_ws(ref[real_end - 1])) { --real_end; }
+
+        return ref.substr(real_begin, real_end - real_begin);
+    }
+
+    bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis ) {
+        std::size_t i = str.find( replaceThis );
+        if (i == std::string::npos) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        std::size_t copyBegin = 0;
+        std::string origStr = CATCH_MOVE(str);
+        str.clear();
+        // There is at least one replacement, so reserve with the best guess
+        // we can make without actually counting the number of occurences.
+        str.reserve(origStr.size() - replaceThis.size() + withThis.size());
+        do {
+            str.append(origStr, copyBegin, i-copyBegin );
+            str += withThis;
+            copyBegin = i + replaceThis.size();
+            if( copyBegin < origStr.size() )
+                i = origStr.find( replaceThis, copyBegin );
+            else
+                i = std::string::npos;
+        } while( i != std::string::npos );
+        if ( copyBegin < origStr.size() ) {
+            str.append(origStr, copyBegin, origStr.size() );
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<StringRef> splitStringRef( StringRef str, char delimiter ) {
+        std::vector<StringRef> subStrings;
+        std::size_t start = 0;
+        for(std::size_t pos = 0; pos < str.size(); ++pos ) {
+            if( str[pos] == delimiter ) {
+                if( pos - start > 1 )
+                    subStrings.push_back( str.substr( start, pos-start ) );
+                start = pos+1;
+            }
+        }
+        if( start < str.size() )
+            subStrings.push_back( str.substr( start, str.size()-start ) );
+        return subStrings;
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, pluralise const& pluraliser ) {
+        os << pluraliser.m_count << ' ' << pluraliser.m_label;
+        if( pluraliser.m_count != 1 )
+            os << 's';
+        return os;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    StringRef::StringRef( char const* rawChars ) noexcept
+    : StringRef( rawChars, std::strlen(rawChars) )
+    {}
+
+
+    bool StringRef::operator<(StringRef rhs) const noexcept {
+        if (m_size < rhs.m_size) {
+            return strncmp(m_start, rhs.m_start, m_size) <= 0;
+        }
+        return strncmp(m_start, rhs.m_start, rhs.m_size) < 0;
+    }
+
+    int StringRef::compare( StringRef rhs ) const {
+        auto cmpResult =
+            strncmp( m_start, rhs.m_start, std::min( m_size, rhs.m_size ) );
+
+        // This means that strncmp found a difference before the strings
+        // ended, and we can return it directly
+        if ( cmpResult != 0 ) {
+            return cmpResult;
+        }
+
+        // If strings are equal up to length, then their comparison results on
+        // their size
+        if ( m_size < rhs.m_size ) {
+            return -1;
+        } else if ( m_size > rhs.m_size ) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, StringRef str ) -> std::ostream& {
+        return os.write(str.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(str.size()));
+    }
+
+    std::string operator+(StringRef lhs, StringRef rhs) {
+        std::string ret;
+        ret.reserve(lhs.size() + rhs.size());
+        ret += lhs;
+        ret += rhs;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    auto operator+=( std::string& lhs, StringRef rhs ) -> std::string& {
+        lhs.append(rhs.data(), rhs.size());
+        return lhs;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    TagAliasRegistry::~TagAliasRegistry() = default;
+
+    TagAlias const* TagAliasRegistry::find( std::string const& alias ) const {
+        auto it = m_registry.find( alias );
+        if( it != m_registry.end() )
+            return &(it->second);
+        else
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::string TagAliasRegistry::expandAliases( std::string const& unexpandedTestSpec ) const {
+        std::string expandedTestSpec = unexpandedTestSpec;
+        for( auto const& registryKvp : m_registry ) {
+            std::size_t pos = expandedTestSpec.find( registryKvp.first );
+            if( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+                expandedTestSpec =  expandedTestSpec.substr( 0, pos ) +
+                                    registryKvp.second.tag +
+                                    expandedTestSpec.substr( pos + registryKvp.first.size() );
+            }
+        }
+        return expandedTestSpec;
+    }
+
+    void TagAliasRegistry::add( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( startsWith(alias, "[@") && endsWith(alias, ']'),
+                      "error: tag alias, '" << alias << "' is not of the form [@alias name].\n" << lineInfo );
+
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( m_registry.insert(std::make_pair(alias, TagAlias(tag, lineInfo))).second,
+                      "error: tag alias, '" << alias << "' already registered.\n"
+                      << "\tFirst seen at: " << find(alias)->lineInfo << "\n"
+                      << "\tRedefined at: " << lineInfo );
+    }
+
+    ITagAliasRegistry::~ITagAliasRegistry() = default;
+
+    ITagAliasRegistry const& ITagAliasRegistry::get() {
+        return getRegistryHub().getTagAliasRegistry();
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    TestCaseInfoHasher::TestCaseInfoHasher( hash_t seed ): m_seed( seed ) {}
+
+    uint32_t TestCaseInfoHasher::operator()( TestCaseInfo const& t ) const {
+        // FNV-1a hash algorithm that is designed for uniqueness:
+        const hash_t prime = 1099511628211u;
+        hash_t hash = 14695981039346656037u;
+        for ( const char c : t.name ) {
+            hash ^= c;
+            hash *= prime;
+        }
+        for ( const char c : t.className ) {
+            hash ^= c;
+            hash *= prime;
+        }
+        for ( const Tag& tag : t.tags ) {
+            for ( const char c : tag.original ) {
+                hash ^= c;
+                hash *= prime;
+            }
+        }
+        hash ^= m_seed;
+        hash *= prime;
+        const uint32_t low{ static_cast<uint32_t>( hash ) };
+        const uint32_t high{ static_cast<uint32_t>( hash >> 32 ) };
+        return low * high;
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static void enforceNoDuplicateTestCases(
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) {
+            auto testInfoCmp = []( TestCaseInfo const* lhs,
+                                   TestCaseInfo const* rhs ) {
+                return *lhs < *rhs;
+            };
+            std::set<TestCaseInfo const*, decltype( testInfoCmp )&> seenTests(
+                testInfoCmp );
+            for ( auto const& test : tests ) {
+                const auto infoPtr = &test.getTestCaseInfo();
+                const auto prev = seenTests.insert( infoPtr );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( prev.second,
+                               "error: test case \""
+                                   << infoPtr->name << "\", with tags \""
+                                   << infoPtr->tagsAsString()
+                                   << "\" already defined.\n"
+                                   << "\tFirst seen at "
+                                   << ( *prev.first )->lineInfo << "\n"
+                                   << "\tRedefined at " << infoPtr->lineInfo );
+            }
+        }
+
+        static bool matchTest( TestCaseHandle const& testCase,
+                               TestSpec const& testSpec,
+                               IConfig const& config ) {
+            return testSpec.matches( testCase.getTestCaseInfo() ) &&
+                   isThrowSafe( testCase, config );
+        }
+
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& unsortedTestCases ) {
+        switch (config.runOrder()) {
+        case TestRunOrder::Declared:
+            return unsortedTestCases;
+
+        case TestRunOrder::LexicographicallySorted: {
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> sorted = unsortedTestCases;
+            std::sort(
+                sorted.begin(),
+                sorted.end(),
+                []( TestCaseHandle const& lhs, TestCaseHandle const& rhs ) {
+                    return lhs.getTestCaseInfo() < rhs.getTestCaseInfo();
+                }
+            );
+            return sorted;
+        }
+        case TestRunOrder::Randomized: {
+            using TestWithHash = std::pair<TestCaseInfoHasher::hash_t, TestCaseHandle>;
+
+            TestCaseInfoHasher h{ config.rngSeed() };
+            std::vector<TestWithHash> indexed_tests;
+            indexed_tests.reserve(unsortedTestCases.size());
+
+            for (auto const& handle : unsortedTestCases) {
+                indexed_tests.emplace_back(h(handle.getTestCaseInfo()), handle);
+            }
+
+            std::sort( indexed_tests.begin(),
+                       indexed_tests.end(),
+                       []( TestWithHash const& lhs, TestWithHash const& rhs ) {
+                           if ( lhs.first == rhs.first ) {
+                               return lhs.second.getTestCaseInfo() <
+                                      rhs.second.getTestCaseInfo();
+                           }
+                           return lhs.first < rhs.first;
+                       } );
+
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> randomized;
+            randomized.reserve(indexed_tests.size());
+
+            for (auto const& indexed : indexed_tests) {
+                randomized.push_back(indexed.second);
+            }
+
+            return randomized;
+        }
+        }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Unknown test order value!");
+    }
+
+    bool isThrowSafe( TestCaseHandle const& testCase, IConfig const& config ) {
+        return !testCase.getTestCaseInfo().throws() || config.allowThrows();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> filterTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config ) {
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> filtered;
+        filtered.reserve( testCases.size() );
+        for (auto const& testCase : testCases) {
+            if ((!testSpec.hasFilters() && !testCase.getTestCaseInfo().isHidden()) ||
+                (testSpec.hasFilters() && matchTest(testCase, testSpec, config))) {
+                filtered.push_back(testCase);
+            }
+        }
+        return createShard(filtered, config.shardCount(), config.shardIndex());
+    }
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestCasesSorted( IConfig const& config ) {
+        return getRegistryHub().getTestCaseRegistry().getAllTestsSorted( config );
+    }
+
+    TestRegistry::~TestRegistry() = default;
+
+    void TestRegistry::registerTest(Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo> testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> testInvoker) {
+        m_handles.emplace_back(testInfo.get(), testInvoker.get());
+        m_viewed_test_infos.push_back(testInfo.get());
+        m_owned_test_infos.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(testInfo));
+        m_invokers.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(testInvoker));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseInfo*> const& TestRegistry::getAllInfos() const {
+        return m_viewed_test_infos;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& TestRegistry::getAllTests() const {
+        return m_handles;
+    }
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& TestRegistry::getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const {
+        if( m_sortedFunctions.empty() )
+            enforceNoDuplicateTestCases( m_handles );
+
+        if(  m_currentSortOrder != config.runOrder() || m_sortedFunctions.empty() ) {
+            m_sortedFunctions = sortTests( config, m_handles );
+            m_currentSortOrder = config.runOrder();
+        }
+        return m_sortedFunctions;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace TestCaseTracking {
+
+    NameAndLocation::NameAndLocation( std::string&& _name, SourceLineInfo const& _location )
+    :   name( CATCH_MOVE(_name) ),
+        location( _location )
+    {}
+
+
+    ITracker::~ITracker() = default;
+
+    void ITracker::markAsNeedingAnotherRun() {
+        m_runState = NeedsAnotherRun;
+    }
+
+    void ITracker::addChild( ITrackerPtr&& child ) {
+        m_children.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(child) );
+    }
+
+    ITracker* ITracker::findChild( NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation ) {
+        auto it = std::find_if(
+            m_children.begin(),
+            m_children.end(),
+            [&nameAndLocation]( ITrackerPtr const& tracker ) {
+                auto const& tnameAndLoc = tracker->nameAndLocation();
+                if ( tnameAndLoc.location.line !=
+                     nameAndLocation.location.line ) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return tnameAndLoc == nameAndLocation;
+            } );
+        return ( it != m_children.end() ) ? it->get() : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool ITracker::isSectionTracker() const { return false; }
+    bool ITracker::isGeneratorTracker() const { return false; }
+
+    bool ITracker::isOpen() const {
+        return m_runState != NotStarted && !isComplete();
+    }
+
+    bool ITracker::hasStarted() const { return m_runState != NotStarted; }
+
+    void ITracker::openChild() {
+        if (m_runState != ExecutingChildren) {
+            m_runState = ExecutingChildren;
+            if (m_parent) {
+                m_parent->openChild();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ITracker& TrackerContext::startRun() {
+        using namespace std::string_literals;
+        m_rootTracker = Catch::Detail::make_unique<SectionTracker>(
+            NameAndLocation( "{root}"s, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ),
+            *this,
+            nullptr );
+        m_currentTracker = nullptr;
+        m_runState = Executing;
+        return *m_rootTracker;
+    }
+
+    void TrackerContext::completeCycle() {
+        m_runState = CompletedCycle;
+    }
+
+    bool TrackerContext::completedCycle() const {
+        return m_runState == CompletedCycle;
+    }
+    void TrackerContext::setCurrentTracker( ITracker* tracker ) {
+        m_currentTracker = tracker;
+    }
+
+
+    TrackerBase::TrackerBase( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent ):
+        ITracker(CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLocation), parent),
+        m_ctx( ctx )
+    {}
+
+    bool TrackerBase::isComplete() const {
+        return m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully || m_runState == Failed;
+    }
+
+    void TrackerBase::open() {
+        m_runState = Executing;
+        moveToThis();
+        if( m_parent )
+            m_parent->openChild();
+    }
+
+    void TrackerBase::close() {
+
+        // Close any still open children (e.g. generators)
+        while( &m_ctx.currentTracker() != this )
+            m_ctx.currentTracker().close();
+
+        switch( m_runState ) {
+            case NeedsAnotherRun:
+                break;
+
+            case Executing:
+                m_runState = CompletedSuccessfully;
+                break;
+            case ExecutingChildren:
+                if( std::all_of(m_children.begin(), m_children.end(), [](ITrackerPtr const& t){ return t->isComplete(); }) )
+                    m_runState = CompletedSuccessfully;
+                break;
+
+            case NotStarted:
+            case CompletedSuccessfully:
+            case Failed:
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Illogical state: " << m_runState );
+
+            default:
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown state: " << m_runState );
+        }
+        moveToParent();
+        m_ctx.completeCycle();
+    }
+    void TrackerBase::fail() {
+        m_runState = Failed;
+        if( m_parent )
+            m_parent->markAsNeedingAnotherRun();
+        moveToParent();
+        m_ctx.completeCycle();
+    }
+
+    void TrackerBase::moveToParent() {
+        assert( m_parent );
+        m_ctx.setCurrentTracker( m_parent );
+    }
+    void TrackerBase::moveToThis() {
+        m_ctx.setCurrentTracker( this );
+    }
+
+    SectionTracker::SectionTracker( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
+    :   TrackerBase( CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLocation), ctx, parent ),
+        m_trimmed_name(trim(StringRef(ITracker::nameAndLocation().name)))
+    {
+        if( parent ) {
+            while ( !parent->isSectionTracker() ) {
+                parent = parent->parent();
+            }
+
+            SectionTracker& parentSection = static_cast<SectionTracker&>( *parent );
+            addNextFilters( parentSection.m_filters );
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool SectionTracker::isComplete() const {
+        bool complete = true;
+
+        if (m_filters.empty()
+            || m_filters[0].empty()
+            || std::find(m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), m_trimmed_name) != m_filters.end()) {
+            complete = TrackerBase::isComplete();
+        }
+        return complete;
+    }
+
+    bool SectionTracker::isSectionTracker() const { return true; }
+
+    SectionTracker& SectionTracker::acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation ) {
+        SectionTracker* tracker;
+
+        ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
+        if ( ITracker* childTracker =
+                 currentTracker.findChild( nameAndLocation ) ) {
+            assert( childTracker );
+            assert( childTracker->isSectionTracker() );
+            tracker = static_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
+        } else {
+            auto newTracker = Catch::Detail::make_unique<SectionTracker>(
+                NameAndLocation{ static_cast<std::string>(nameAndLocation.name),
+                                 nameAndLocation.location },
+                ctx,
+                &currentTracker );
+            tracker = newTracker.get();
+            currentTracker.addChild( CATCH_MOVE( newTracker ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( !ctx.completedCycle() ) {
+            tracker->tryOpen();
+        }
+
+        return *tracker;
+    }
+
+    void SectionTracker::tryOpen() {
+        if( !isComplete() )
+            open();
+    }
+
+    void SectionTracker::addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+        if( !filters.empty() ) {
+            m_filters.reserve( m_filters.size() + filters.size() + 2 );
+            m_filters.emplace_back(StringRef{}); // Root - should never be consulted
+            m_filters.emplace_back(StringRef{}); // Test Case - not a section filter
+            m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), filters.begin(), filters.end() );
+        }
+    }
+    void SectionTracker::addNextFilters( std::vector<StringRef> const& filters ) {
+        if( filters.size() > 1 )
+            m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), filters.begin()+1, filters.end() );
+    }
+
+    StringRef SectionTracker::trimmedName() const {
+        return m_trimmed_name;
+    }
+
+} // namespace TestCaseTracking
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    void throw_test_failure_exception() {
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS )
+        throw TestFailureException{};
+#else
+        CATCH_ERROR( "Test failure requires aborting test!" );
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void throw_test_skip_exception() {
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS )
+        throw Catch::TestSkipException();
+#else
+        CATCH_ERROR( "Explicitly skipping tests during runtime requires exceptions" );
+#endif
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    ITestInvoker::~ITestInvoker() = default;
+
+    namespace {
+        static StringRef extractClassName( StringRef classOrMethodName ) {
+            if ( !startsWith( classOrMethodName, '&' ) ) {
+                return classOrMethodName;
+            }
+
+            // Remove the leading '&' to avoid having to special case it later
+            const auto methodName =
+                classOrMethodName.substr( 1, classOrMethodName.size() );
+
+            auto reverseStart = std::make_reverse_iterator( methodName.end() );
+            auto reverseEnd = std::make_reverse_iterator( methodName.begin() );
+
+            // We make a simplifying assumption that ":" is only present
+            // in the input as part of "::" from C++ typenames (this is
+            // relatively safe assumption because the input is generated
+            // as stringification of type through preprocessor).
+            auto lastColons = std::find( reverseStart, reverseEnd, ':' ) + 1;
+            auto secondLastColons =
+                std::find( lastColons + 1, reverseEnd, ':' );
+
+            auto const startIdx = reverseEnd - secondLastColons;
+            auto const classNameSize = secondLastColons - lastColons - 1;
+
+            return methodName.substr(
+                static_cast<std::size_t>( startIdx ),
+                static_cast<std::size_t>( classNameSize ) );
+        }
+
+        class TestInvokerAsFunction final : public ITestInvoker {
+            using TestType = void ( * )();
+            TestType m_testAsFunction;
+
+        public:
+            TestInvokerAsFunction( TestType testAsFunction ) noexcept:
+                m_testAsFunction( testAsFunction ) {}
+
+            void invoke() const override { m_testAsFunction(); }
+        };
+
+    } // namespace
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvoker( void(*testAsFunction)() ) {
+        return Detail::make_unique<TestInvokerAsFunction>( testAsFunction );
+    }
+
+    AutoReg::AutoReg( Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept {
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            getMutableRegistryHub()
+                    .registerTest(
+                        makeTestCaseInfo(
+                            extractClassName( classOrMethod ),
+                            nameAndTags,
+                            lineInfo),
+                        CATCH_MOVE(invoker)
+                    );
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead register the exception to be processed later
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    TestSpecParser::TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry const& tagAliases ) : m_tagAliases( &tagAliases ) {}
+
+    TestSpecParser& TestSpecParser::parse( std::string const& arg ) {
+        m_mode = None;
+        m_exclusion = false;
+        m_arg = m_tagAliases->expandAliases( arg );
+        m_escapeChars.clear();
+        m_substring.reserve(m_arg.size());
+        m_patternName.reserve(m_arg.size());
+        m_realPatternPos = 0;
+
+        for( m_pos = 0; m_pos < m_arg.size(); ++m_pos )
+          //if visitChar fails
+           if( !visitChar( m_arg[m_pos] ) ){
+               m_testSpec.m_invalidSpecs.push_back(arg);
+               break;
+           }
+        endMode();
+        return *this;
+    }
+    TestSpec TestSpecParser::testSpec() {
+        addFilter();
+        return CATCH_MOVE(m_testSpec);
+    }
+    bool TestSpecParser::visitChar( char c ) {
+        if( (m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == '\\') ) {
+            escape();
+            addCharToPattern(c);
+            return true;
+        }else if((m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == ',') )  {
+            return separate();
+        }
+
+        switch( m_mode ) {
+        case None:
+            if( processNoneChar( c ) )
+                return true;
+            break;
+        case Name:
+            processNameChar( c );
+            break;
+        case EscapedName:
+            endMode();
+            addCharToPattern(c);
+            return true;
+        default:
+        case Tag:
+        case QuotedName:
+            if( processOtherChar( c ) )
+                return true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        m_substring += c;
+        if( !isControlChar( c ) ) {
+            m_patternName += c;
+            m_realPatternPos++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Two of the processing methods return true to signal the caller to return
+    // without adding the given character to the current pattern strings
+    bool TestSpecParser::processNoneChar( char c ) {
+        switch( c ) {
+        case ' ':
+            return true;
+        case '~':
+            m_exclusion = true;
+            return false;
+        case '[':
+            startNewMode( Tag );
+            return false;
+        case '"':
+            startNewMode( QuotedName );
+            return false;
+        default:
+            startNewMode( Name );
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::processNameChar( char c ) {
+        if( c == '[' ) {
+            if( m_substring == "exclude:" )
+                m_exclusion = true;
+            else
+                endMode();
+            startNewMode( Tag );
+        }
+    }
+    bool TestSpecParser::processOtherChar( char c ) {
+        if( !isControlChar( c ) )
+            return false;
+        m_substring += c;
+        endMode();
+        return true;
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::startNewMode( Mode mode ) {
+        m_mode = mode;
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::endMode() {
+        switch( m_mode ) {
+        case Name:
+        case QuotedName:
+            return addNamePattern();
+        case Tag:
+            return addTagPattern();
+        case EscapedName:
+            revertBackToLastMode();
+            return;
+        case None:
+        default:
+            return startNewMode( None );
+        }
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::escape() {
+        saveLastMode();
+        m_mode = EscapedName;
+        m_escapeChars.push_back(m_realPatternPos);
+    }
+    bool TestSpecParser::isControlChar( char c ) const {
+        switch( m_mode ) {
+            default:
+                return false;
+            case None:
+                return c == '~';
+            case Name:
+                return c == '[';
+            case EscapedName:
+                return true;
+            case QuotedName:
+                return c == '"';
+            case Tag:
+                return c == '[' || c == ']';
+        }
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::addFilter() {
+        if( !m_currentFilter.m_required.empty() || !m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.empty() ) {
+            m_testSpec.m_filters.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(m_currentFilter) );
+            m_currentFilter = TestSpec::Filter();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::saveLastMode() {
+      lastMode = m_mode;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::revertBackToLastMode() {
+      m_mode = lastMode;
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpecParser::separate() {
+      if( (m_mode==QuotedName) || (m_mode==Tag) ){
+         //invalid argument, signal failure to previous scope.
+         m_mode = None;
+         m_pos = m_arg.size();
+         m_substring.clear();
+         m_patternName.clear();
+         m_realPatternPos = 0;
+         return false;
+      }
+      endMode();
+      addFilter();
+      return true; //success
+    }
+
+    std::string TestSpecParser::preprocessPattern() {
+        std::string token = m_patternName;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_escapeChars.size(); ++i)
+            token = token.substr(0, m_escapeChars[i] - i) + token.substr(m_escapeChars[i] - i + 1);
+        m_escapeChars.clear();
+        if (startsWith(token, "exclude:")) {
+            m_exclusion = true;
+            token = token.substr(8);
+        }
+
+        m_patternName.clear();
+        m_realPatternPos = 0;
+
+        return token;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::addNamePattern() {
+        auto token = preprocessPattern();
+
+        if (!token.empty()) {
+            if (m_exclusion) {
+                m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::NamePattern>(token, m_substring));
+            } else {
+                m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::NamePattern>(token, m_substring));
+            }
+        }
+        m_substring.clear();
+        m_exclusion = false;
+        m_mode = None;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::addTagPattern() {
+        auto token = preprocessPattern();
+
+        if (!token.empty()) {
+            // If the tag pattern is the "hide and tag" shorthand (e.g. [.foo])
+            // we have to create a separate hide tag and shorten the real one
+            if (token.size() > 1 && token[0] == '.') {
+                token.erase(token.begin());
+                if (m_exclusion) {
+                    m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(".", m_substring));
+                } else {
+                    m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(".", m_substring));
+                }
+            }
+            if (m_exclusion) {
+                m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(token, m_substring));
+            } else {
+                m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(token, m_substring));
+            }
+        }
+        m_substring.clear();
+        m_exclusion = false;
+        m_mode = None;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace {
+    bool isWhitespace( char c ) {
+        return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r';
+    }
+
+    bool isBreakableBefore( char c ) {
+        static const char chars[] = "[({<|";
+        return std::memchr( chars, c, sizeof( chars ) - 1 ) != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool isBreakableAfter( char c ) {
+        static const char chars[] = "])}>.,:;*+-=&/\\";
+        return std::memchr( chars, c, sizeof( chars ) - 1 ) != nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace TextFlow {
+        void AnsiSkippingString::preprocessString() {
+            for ( auto it = m_string.begin(); it != m_string.end(); ) {
+                // try to read through an ansi sequence
+                while ( it != m_string.end() && *it == '\033' &&
+                        it + 1 != m_string.end() && *( it + 1 ) == '[' ) {
+                    auto cursor = it + 2;
+                    while ( cursor != m_string.end() &&
+                            ( isdigit( *cursor ) || *cursor == ';' ) ) {
+                        ++cursor;
+                    }
+                    if ( cursor == m_string.end() || *cursor != 'm' ) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // 'm' -> 0xff
+                    *cursor = AnsiSkippingString::sentinel;
+                    // if we've read an ansi sequence, set the iterator and
+                    // return to the top of the loop
+                    it = cursor + 1;
+                }
+                if ( it != m_string.end() ) {
+                    ++m_size;
+                    ++it;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::AnsiSkippingString( std::string const& text ):
+            m_string( text ) {
+            preprocessString();
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::AnsiSkippingString( std::string&& text ):
+            m_string( CATCH_MOVE( text ) ) {
+            preprocessString();
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator AnsiSkippingString::begin() const {
+            return const_iterator( m_string );
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator AnsiSkippingString::end() const {
+            return const_iterator( m_string, const_iterator::EndTag{} );
+        }
+
+        std::string AnsiSkippingString::substring( const_iterator begin,
+                                                   const_iterator end ) const {
+            // There's one caveat here to an otherwise simple substring: when
+            // making a begin iterator we might have skipped ansi sequences at
+            // the start. If `begin` here is a begin iterator, skipped over
+            // initial ansi sequences, we'll use the true beginning of the
+            // string. Lastly: We need to transform any chars we replaced with
+            // 0xff back to 'm'
+            auto str = std::string( begin == this->begin() ? m_string.begin()
+                                                           : begin.m_it,
+                                    end.m_it );
+            std::transform( str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), []( char c ) {
+                return c == AnsiSkippingString::sentinel ? 'm' : c;
+            } );
+            return str;
+        }
+
+        void AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator::tryParseAnsiEscapes() {
+            // check if we've landed on an ansi sequence, and if so read through
+            // it
+            while ( m_it != m_string->end() && *m_it == '\033' &&
+                    m_it + 1 != m_string->end() &&  *( m_it + 1 ) == '[' ) {
+                auto cursor = m_it + 2;
+                while ( cursor != m_string->end() &&
+                        ( isdigit( *cursor ) || *cursor == ';' ) ) {
+                    ++cursor;
+                }
+                if ( cursor == m_string->end() ||
+                     *cursor != AnsiSkippingString::sentinel ) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // if we've read an ansi sequence, set the iterator and
+                // return to the top of the loop
+                m_it = cursor + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator::advance() {
+            assert( m_it != m_string->end() );
+            m_it++;
+            tryParseAnsiEscapes();
+        }
+
+        void AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator::unadvance() {
+            assert( m_it != m_string->begin() );
+            m_it--;
+            // if *m_it is 0xff, scan back to the \033 and then m_it-- once more
+            // (and repeat check)
+            while ( *m_it == AnsiSkippingString::sentinel ) {
+                while ( *m_it != '\033' ) {
+                    assert( m_it != m_string->begin() );
+                    m_it--;
+                }
+                // if this happens, we must have been a begin iterator that had
+                // skipped over ansi sequences at the start of a string
+                assert( m_it != m_string->begin() );
+                assert( *m_it == '\033' );
+                m_it--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static bool isBoundary( AnsiSkippingString const& line,
+                                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator it ) {
+            return it == line.end() ||
+                   ( isWhitespace( *it ) &&
+                     !isWhitespace( *it.oneBefore() ) ) ||
+                   isBreakableBefore( *it ) ||
+                   isBreakableAfter( *it.oneBefore() );
+        }
+
+        void Column::const_iterator::calcLength() {
+            m_addHyphen = false;
+            m_parsedTo = m_lineStart;
+            AnsiSkippingString const& current_line = m_column.m_string;
+
+            if ( m_parsedTo == current_line.end() ) {
+                m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            assert( m_lineStart != current_line.end() );
+            if ( *m_lineStart == '\n' ) { ++m_parsedTo; }
+
+            const auto maxLineLength = m_column.m_width - indentSize();
+            std::size_t lineLength = 0;
+            while ( m_parsedTo != current_line.end() &&
+                    lineLength < maxLineLength && *m_parsedTo != '\n' ) {
+                ++m_parsedTo;
+                ++lineLength;
+            }
+
+            // If we encountered a newline before the column is filled,
+            // then we linebreak at the newline and consider this line
+            // finished.
+            if ( lineLength < maxLineLength ) {
+                m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo;
+            } else {
+                // Look for a natural linebreak boundary in the column
+                // (We look from the end, so that the first found boundary is
+                // the right one)
+                m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo;
+                while ( lineLength > 0 &&
+                        !isBoundary( current_line, m_lineEnd ) ) {
+                    --lineLength;
+                    --m_lineEnd;
+                }
+                while ( lineLength > 0 &&
+                        isWhitespace( *m_lineEnd.oneBefore() ) ) {
+                    --lineLength;
+                    --m_lineEnd;
+                }
+
+                // If we found one, then that is where we linebreak, otherwise
+                // we have to split text with a hyphen
+                if ( lineLength == 0 ) {
+                    m_addHyphen = true;
+                    m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo.oneBefore();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t Column::const_iterator::indentSize() const {
+            auto initial = m_lineStart == m_column.m_string.begin()
+                               ? m_column.m_initialIndent
+                               : std::string::npos;
+            return initial == std::string::npos ? m_column.m_indent : initial;
+        }
+
+        std::string Column::const_iterator::addIndentAndSuffix(
+            AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator start,
+            AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator end ) const {
+            std::string ret;
+            const auto desired_indent = indentSize();
+            // ret.reserve( desired_indent + (end - start) + m_addHyphen );
+            ret.append( desired_indent, ' ' );
+            // ret.append( start, end );
+            ret += m_column.m_string.substring( start, end );
+            if ( m_addHyphen ) { ret.push_back( '-' ); }
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        Column::const_iterator::const_iterator( Column const& column ):
+            m_column( column ),
+            m_lineStart( column.m_string.begin() ),
+            m_lineEnd( column.m_string.begin() ),
+            m_parsedTo( column.m_string.begin() ) {
+            assert( m_column.m_width > m_column.m_indent );
+            assert( m_column.m_initialIndent == std::string::npos ||
+                    m_column.m_width > m_column.m_initialIndent );
+            calcLength();
+            if ( m_lineStart == m_lineEnd ) {
+                m_lineStart = m_column.m_string.end();
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::string Column::const_iterator::operator*() const {
+            assert( m_lineStart <= m_parsedTo );
+            return addIndentAndSuffix( m_lineStart, m_lineEnd );
+        }
+
+        Column::const_iterator& Column::const_iterator::operator++() {
+            m_lineStart = m_lineEnd;
+            AnsiSkippingString const& current_line = m_column.m_string;
+            if ( m_lineStart != current_line.end() && *m_lineStart == '\n' ) {
+                m_lineStart++;
+            } else {
+                while ( m_lineStart != current_line.end() &&
+                        isWhitespace( *m_lineStart ) ) {
+                    ++m_lineStart;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ( m_lineStart != current_line.end() ) { calcLength(); }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Column::const_iterator Column::const_iterator::operator++( int ) {
+            const_iterator prev( *this );
+            operator++();
+            return prev;
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, Column const& col ) {
+            bool first = true;
+            for ( auto line : col ) {
+                if ( first ) {
+                    first = false;
+                } else {
+                    os << '\n';
+                }
+                os << line;
+            }
+            return os;
+        }
+
+        Column Spacer( size_t spaceWidth ) {
+            Column ret{ "" };
+            ret.width( spaceWidth );
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator::iterator( Columns const& columns, EndTag ):
+            m_columns( columns.m_columns ), m_activeIterators( 0 ) {
+
+            m_iterators.reserve( m_columns.size() );
+            for ( auto const& col : m_columns ) {
+                m_iterators.push_back( col.end() );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator::iterator( Columns const& columns ):
+            m_columns( columns.m_columns ),
+            m_activeIterators( m_columns.size() ) {
+
+            m_iterators.reserve( m_columns.size() );
+            for ( auto const& col : m_columns ) {
+                m_iterators.push_back( col.begin() );
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::string Columns::iterator::operator*() const {
+            std::string row, padding;
+
+            for ( size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i ) {
+                const auto width = m_columns[i].width();
+                if ( m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end() ) {
+                    std::string col = *m_iterators[i];
+                    row += padding;
+                    row += col;
+
+                    padding.clear();
+                    if ( col.size() < width ) {
+                        padding.append( width - col.size(), ' ' );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    padding.append( width, ' ' );
+                }
+            }
+            return row;
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator& Columns::iterator::operator++() {
+            for ( size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i ) {
+                if ( m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end() ) {
+                    ++m_iterators[i];
+                }
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator Columns::iterator::operator++( int ) {
+            iterator prev( *this );
+            operator++();
+            return prev;
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, Columns const& cols ) {
+            bool first = true;
+            for ( auto line : cols ) {
+                if ( first ) {
+                    first = false;
+                } else {
+                    os << '\n';
+                }
+                os << line;
+            }
+            return os;
+        }
+
+        Columns operator+( Column const& lhs, Column const& rhs ) {
+            Columns cols;
+            cols += lhs;
+            cols += rhs;
+            return cols;
+        }
+        Columns operator+( Column&& lhs, Column&& rhs ) {
+            Columns cols;
+            cols += CATCH_MOVE( lhs );
+            cols += CATCH_MOVE( rhs );
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column const& rhs ) {
+            lhs.m_columns.push_back( rhs );
+            return lhs;
+        }
+        Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column&& rhs ) {
+            lhs.m_columns.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( rhs ) );
+            return lhs;
+        }
+        Columns operator+( Columns const& lhs, Column const& rhs ) {
+            auto combined( lhs );
+            combined += rhs;
+            return combined;
+        }
+        Columns operator+( Columns&& lhs, Column&& rhs ) {
+            lhs += CATCH_MOVE( rhs );
+            return CATCH_MOVE( lhs );
+        }
+
+    } // namespace TextFlow
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    bool uncaught_exceptions() {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+        return false;
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
+        return std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0;
+#else
+        return std::uncaught_exception();
+#endif
+  }
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    WildcardPattern::WildcardPattern( std::string const& pattern,
+                                      CaseSensitive caseSensitivity )
+    :   m_caseSensitivity( caseSensitivity ),
+        m_pattern( normaliseString( pattern ) )
+    {
+        if( startsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
+            m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 1 );
+            m_wildcard = WildcardAtStart;
+        }
+        if( endsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
+            m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 0, m_pattern.size()-1 );
+            m_wildcard = static_cast<WildcardPosition>( m_wildcard | WildcardAtEnd );
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool WildcardPattern::matches( std::string const& str ) const {
+        switch( m_wildcard ) {
+            case NoWildcard:
+                return m_pattern == normaliseString( str );
+            case WildcardAtStart:
+                return endsWith( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+            case WildcardAtEnd:
+                return startsWith( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+            case WildcardAtBothEnds:
+                return contains( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+            default:
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown enum" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string WildcardPattern::normaliseString( std::string const& str ) const {
+        return trim( m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No ? toLower( str ) : str );
+    }
+}
+
+
+// Note: swapping these two includes around causes MSVC to error out
+//       while in /permissive- mode. No, I don't know why.
+//       Tested on VS 2019, 18.{3, 4}.x
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace {
+
+    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return c & 0x1F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return c & 0x0F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return c & 0x07;
+        }
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
+        os << "\\x"
+            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+            << static_cast<int>(c);
+        os.flags(f);
+    }
+
+    bool shouldNewline(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        return !!(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(fmt & XmlFormatting::Newline));
+    }
+
+    bool shouldIndent(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        return !!(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(fmt & XmlFormatting::Indent));
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+    XmlFormatting operator | (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs) {
+        return static_cast<XmlFormatting>(
+            static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(lhs) |
+            static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(rhs)
+        );
+    }
+
+    XmlFormatting operator & (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs) {
+        return static_cast<XmlFormatting>(
+            static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(lhs) &
+            static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(rhs)
+        );
+    }
+
+
+    XmlEncode::XmlEncode( StringRef str, ForWhat forWhat )
+    :   m_str( str ),
+        m_forWhat( forWhat )
+    {}
+
+    void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+        // (see: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+
+        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
+            unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(m_str[idx]);
+            switch (c) {
+            case '<':   os << "&lt;"; break;
+            case '&':   os << "&amp;"; break;
+
+            case '>':
+                // See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
+                    os << "&gt;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            case '\"':
+                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
+                    os << "&quot;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
+
+                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
+                // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
+                if (c < 0x7F) {
+                    os << c;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // UTF-8 territory
+                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
+                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
+                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
+                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
+                // Or as 10XX XXXX
+                if (c <  0xC0 ||
+                    c >= 0xF8) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
+                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
+                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // The header is valid, check data
+                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
+                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
+                bool valid = true;
+                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
+                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    unsigned char nc = static_cast<unsigned char>(m_str[idx + n]);
+                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
+                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
+                }
+
+                if (
+                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
+                    (!valid) ||
+                    // Overlong encodings
+                    (value < 0x80) ||
+                    (0x80 <= value && value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) ||
+                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
+                    // Encoded value out of range
+                    (value >= 0x110000)
+                    ) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
+                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    os << m_str[idx + n];
+                }
+                idx += encBytes - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode ) {
+        xmlEncode.encodeTo( os );
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer, XmlFormatting fmt )
+    :   m_writer( writer ),
+        m_fmt(fmt)
+    {}
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept
+    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ),
+        m_fmt(other.m_fmt)
+    {
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        other.m_fmt = XmlFormatting::None;
+    }
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept {
+        if ( m_writer ) {
+            m_writer->endElement();
+        }
+        m_writer = other.m_writer;
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        m_fmt = other.m_fmt;
+        other.m_fmt = XmlFormatting::None;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+        if (m_writer) {
+            m_writer->endElement(m_fmt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement&
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( StringRef text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        m_writer->writeText( text, fmt );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement&
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                              StringRef attribute ) {
+        m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::XmlWriter( std::ostream& os ) : m_os( os )
+    {
+        writeDeclaration();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+        while (!m_tags.empty()) {
+            endElement();
+        }
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+            m_os << m_indent;
+            m_indent += "  ";
+        }
+        m_os << '<' << name;
+        m_tags.push_back( name );
+        m_tagIsOpen = true;
+        applyFormatting(fmt);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        ScopedElement scoped( this, fmt );
+        startElement( name, fmt );
+        return scoped;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        m_indent = m_indent.substr(0, m_indent.size() - 2);
+
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << "/>";
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        } else {
+            newlineIfNecessary();
+            if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            }
+            m_os << "</" << m_tags.back() << '>';
+        }
+        m_os << std::flush;
+        applyFormatting(fmt);
+        m_tags.pop_back();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                          StringRef attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( StringRef name, bool attribute ) {
+        writeAttribute(name, (attribute ? "true"_sr : "false"_sr));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                          char const* attribute ) {
+        writeAttribute( name, StringRef( attribute ) );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( StringRef text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(!m_tags.empty(), "Cannot write text as top level element");
+        if( !text.empty() ){
+            bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+            ensureTagClosed();
+            if (tagWasOpen && shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            }
+            m_os << XmlEncode( text, XmlEncode::ForTextNodes );
+            applyFormatting(fmt);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( StringRef text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+            m_os << m_indent;
+        }
+        m_os << "<!-- " << text << " -->";
+        applyFormatting(fmt);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeStylesheetRef( StringRef url ) {
+        m_os << R"(<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href=")" << url << R"("?>)" << '\n';
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << '>' << std::flush;
+            newlineIfNecessary();
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::applyFormatting(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        m_needsNewline = shouldNewline(fmt);
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+        m_os << R"(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>)" << '\n';
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::newlineIfNecessary() {
+        if( m_needsNewline ) {
+            m_os << '\n' << std::flush;
+            m_needsNewline = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    std::string MatcherUntypedBase::toString() const {
+        if (m_cachedToString.empty()) {
+            m_cachedToString = describe();
+        }
+        return m_cachedToString;
+    }
+
+    MatcherUntypedBase::~MatcherUntypedBase() = default;
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    std::string IsEmptyMatcher::describe() const {
+        return "is empty";
+    }
+
+    std::string HasSizeMatcher::describe() const {
+        ReusableStringStream sstr;
+        sstr << "has size == " << m_target_size;
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+    IsEmptyMatcher IsEmpty() {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    HasSizeMatcher SizeIs(std::size_t sz) {
+        return HasSizeMatcher{ sz };
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Matchers
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+bool ExceptionMessageMatcher::match(std::exception const& ex) const {
+    return ex.what() == m_message;
+}
+
+std::string ExceptionMessageMatcher::describe() const {
+    return "exception message matches \"" + m_message + '"';
+}
+
+ExceptionMessageMatcher Message(std::string const& message) {
+    return ExceptionMessageMatcher(message);
+}
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    template <typename FP>
+    bool almostEqualUlps(FP lhs, FP rhs, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
+        // Comparison with NaN should always be false.
+        // This way we can rule it out before getting into the ugly details
+        if (Catch::isnan(lhs) || Catch::isnan(rhs)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // This should also handle positive and negative zeros, infinities
+        const auto ulpDist = ulpDistance(lhs, rhs);
+
+        return ulpDist <= maxUlpDiff;
+    }
+
+
+template <typename FP>
+FP step(FP start, FP direction, uint64_t steps) {
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < steps; ++i) {
+        start = Catch::nextafter(start, direction);
+    }
+    return start;
+}
+
+// Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
+// But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
+bool marginComparison(double lhs, double rhs, double margin) {
+    return (lhs + margin >= rhs) && (rhs + margin >= lhs);
+}
+
+template <typename FloatingPoint>
+void write(std::ostream& out, FloatingPoint num) {
+    out << std::scientific
+        << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<FloatingPoint>::max_digits10 - 1)
+        << num;
+}
+
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+namespace Matchers {
+namespace Detail {
+
+    enum class FloatingPointKind : uint8_t {
+        Float,
+        Double
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+
+
+    WithinAbsMatcher::WithinAbsMatcher(double target, double margin)
+        :m_target{ target }, m_margin{ margin } {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(margin >= 0, "Invalid margin: " << margin << '.'
+            << " Margin has to be non-negative.");
+    }
+
+    // Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
+    // But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
+    bool WithinAbsMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
+        return (matchee + m_margin >= m_target) && (m_target + m_margin >= matchee);
+    }
+
+    std::string WithinAbsMatcher::describe() const {
+        return "is within " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_margin) + " of " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target);
+    }
+
+
+    WithinUlpsMatcher::WithinUlpsMatcher(double target, uint64_t ulps, Detail::FloatingPointKind baseType)
+        :m_target{ target }, m_ulps{ ulps }, m_type{ baseType } {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_type == Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double
+                   || m_ulps < (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)(),
+            "Provided ULP is impossibly large for a float comparison.");
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( std::numeric_limits<double>::is_iec559,
+                       "WithinUlp matcher only supports platforms with "
+                       "IEEE-754 compatible floating point representation" );
+    }
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+// Clang <3.5 reports on the default branch in the switch below
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunreachable-code"
+#endif
+
+    bool WithinUlpsMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
+        switch (m_type) {
+        case Detail::FloatingPointKind::Float:
+            return almostEqualUlps<float>(static_cast<float>(matchee), static_cast<float>(m_target), m_ulps);
+        case Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double:
+            return almostEqualUlps<double>(matchee, m_target, m_ulps);
+        default:
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown Detail::FloatingPointKind value" );
+        }
+    }
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    std::string WithinUlpsMatcher::describe() const {
+        std::stringstream ret;
+
+        ret << "is within " << m_ulps << " ULPs of ";
+
+        if (m_type == Detail::FloatingPointKind::Float) {
+            write(ret, static_cast<float>(m_target));
+            ret << 'f';
+        } else {
+            write(ret, m_target);
+        }
+
+        ret << " ([";
+        if (m_type == Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double) {
+            write( ret,
+                   step( m_target,
+                         -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+            ret << ", ";
+            write( ret,
+                   step( m_target,
+                         std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+        } else {
+            // We have to cast INFINITY to float because of MinGW, see #1782
+            write( ret,
+                   step( static_cast<float>( m_target ),
+                         -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+            ret << ", ";
+            write( ret,
+                   step( static_cast<float>( m_target ),
+                         std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+        }
+        ret << "])";
+
+        return ret.str();
+    }
+
+    WithinRelMatcher::WithinRelMatcher(double target, double epsilon):
+        m_target(target),
+        m_epsilon(epsilon){
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_epsilon >= 0., "Relative comparison with epsilon <  0 does not make sense.");
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_epsilon  < 1., "Relative comparison with epsilon >= 1 does not make sense.");
+    }
+
+    bool WithinRelMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
+        const auto relMargin = m_epsilon * (std::max)(std::fabs(matchee), std::fabs(m_target));
+        return marginComparison(matchee, m_target,
+                                std::isinf(relMargin)? 0 : relMargin);
+    }
+
+    std::string WithinRelMatcher::describe() const {
+        Catch::ReusableStringStream sstr;
+        sstr << "and " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target) << " are within " << m_epsilon * 100. << "% of each other";
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+
+WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(double target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
+    return WithinUlpsMatcher(target, maxUlpDiff, Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double);
+}
+
+WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(float target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
+    return WithinUlpsMatcher(target, maxUlpDiff, Detail::FloatingPointKind::Float);
+}
+
+WithinAbsMatcher WithinAbs(double target, double margin) {
+    return WithinAbsMatcher(target, margin);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target, double eps) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, eps);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() * 100);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target, float eps) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, eps);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon() * 100);
+}
+
+
+
+bool IsNaNMatcher::match( double const& matchee ) const {
+    return std::isnan( matchee );
+}
+
+std::string IsNaNMatcher::describe() const {
+    using namespace std::string_literals;
+    return "is NaN"s;
+}
+
+IsNaNMatcher IsNaN() { return IsNaNMatcher(); }
+
+    } // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+std::string Catch::Matchers::Detail::finalizeDescription(const std::string& desc) {
+    if (desc.empty()) {
+        return "matches undescribed predicate";
+    } else {
+        return "matches predicate: \"" + desc + '"';
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+        std::string AllTrueMatcher::describe() const { return "contains only true"; }
+
+        AllTrueMatcher AllTrue() { return AllTrueMatcher{}; }
+
+        std::string NoneTrueMatcher::describe() const { return "contains no true"; }
+
+        NoneTrueMatcher NoneTrue() { return NoneTrueMatcher{}; }
+
+        std::string AnyTrueMatcher::describe() const { return "contains at least one true"; }
+
+        AnyTrueMatcher AnyTrue() { return AnyTrueMatcher{}; }
+    } // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <regex>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    CasedString::CasedString( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity )
+    :   m_caseSensitivity( caseSensitivity ),
+        m_str( adjustString( str ) )
+    {}
+    std::string CasedString::adjustString( std::string const& str ) const {
+        return m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No
+               ? toLower( str )
+               : str;
+    }
+    StringRef CasedString::caseSensitivitySuffix() const {
+        return m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::Yes
+                   ? StringRef()
+                   : " (case insensitive)"_sr;
+    }
+
+
+    StringMatcherBase::StringMatcherBase( StringRef operation, CasedString const& comparator )
+    : m_comparator( comparator ),
+      m_operation( operation ) {
+    }
+
+    std::string StringMatcherBase::describe() const {
+        std::string description;
+        description.reserve(5 + m_operation.size() + m_comparator.m_str.size() +
+                                    m_comparator.caseSensitivitySuffix().size());
+        description += m_operation;
+        description += ": \"";
+        description += m_comparator.m_str;
+        description += '"';
+        description += m_comparator.caseSensitivitySuffix();
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    StringEqualsMatcher::StringEqualsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "equals"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool StringEqualsMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return m_comparator.adjustString( source ) == m_comparator.m_str;
+    }
+
+
+    StringContainsMatcher::StringContainsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "contains"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool StringContainsMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return contains( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+    }
+
+
+    StartsWithMatcher::StartsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "starts with"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool StartsWithMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return startsWith( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+    }
+
+
+    EndsWithMatcher::EndsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "ends with"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool EndsWithMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return endsWith( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+    }
+
+
+
+    RegexMatcher::RegexMatcher(std::string regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity): m_regex(CATCH_MOVE(regex)), m_caseSensitivity(caseSensitivity) {}
+
+    bool RegexMatcher::match(std::string const& matchee) const {
+        auto flags = std::regex::ECMAScript; // ECMAScript is the default syntax option anyway
+        if (m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No) {
+            flags |= std::regex::icase;
+        }
+        auto reg = std::regex(m_regex, flags);
+        return std::regex_match(matchee, reg);
+    }
+
+    std::string RegexMatcher::describe() const {
+        return "matches " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_regex) + ((m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::Yes)? " case sensitively" : " case insensitively");
+    }
+
+
+    StringEqualsMatcher Equals( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return StringEqualsMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+    StringContainsMatcher ContainsSubstring( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return StringContainsMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+    EndsWithMatcher EndsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return EndsWithMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+    StartsWithMatcher StartsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return StartsWithMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+
+    RegexMatcher Matches(std::string const& regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity) {
+        return RegexMatcher(regex, caseSensitivity);
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+    MatcherGenericBase::~MatcherGenericBase() = default;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        std::string describe_multi_matcher(StringRef combine, std::string const* descriptions_begin, std::string const* descriptions_end) {
+            std::string description;
+            std::size_t combined_size = 4;
+            for ( auto desc = descriptions_begin; desc != descriptions_end; ++desc ) {
+                combined_size += desc->size();
+            }
+            combined_size += static_cast<size_t>(descriptions_end - descriptions_begin - 1) * combine.size();
+
+            description.reserve(combined_size);
+
+            description += "( ";
+            bool first = true;
+            for( auto desc = descriptions_begin; desc != descriptions_end; ++desc ) {
+                if( first )
+                    first = false;
+                else
+                    description += combine;
+                description += *desc;
+            }
+            description += " )";
+            return description;
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // This is the general overload that takes a any string matcher
+    // There is another overload, in catch_assertionhandler.h/.cpp, that only takes a string and infers
+    // the Equals matcher (so the header does not mention matchers)
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher ) {
+        std::string exceptionMessage = Catch::translateActiveException();
+        MatchExpr<std::string, StringMatcher const&> expr( CATCH_MOVE(exceptionMessage), matcher );
+        handler.handleExpr( expr );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    AutomakeReporter::~AutomakeReporter() = default;
+
+    void AutomakeReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) {
+        // Possible values to emit are PASS, XFAIL, SKIP, FAIL, XPASS and ERROR.
+        m_stream << ":test-result: ";
+        if ( _testCaseStats.totals.testCases.skipped > 0 ) {
+            m_stream << "SKIP";
+        } else if (_testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allPassed()) {
+            m_stream << "PASS";
+        } else if (_testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk()) {
+            m_stream << "XFAIL";
+        } else {
+            m_stream << "FAIL";
+        }
+        m_stream << ' ' << _testCaseStats.testInfo->name << '\n';
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(_testCaseStats);
+    }
+
+    void AutomakeReporter::skipTest(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) {
+        m_stream << ":test-result: SKIP " << testInfo.name << '\n';
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    ReporterBase::ReporterBase( ReporterConfig&& config ):
+        IEventListener( config.fullConfig() ),
+        m_wrapped_stream( CATCH_MOVE(config).takeStream() ),
+        m_stream( m_wrapped_stream->stream() ),
+        m_colour( makeColourImpl( config.colourMode(), m_wrapped_stream.get() ) ),
+        m_customOptions( config.customOptions() )
+    {}
+
+    ReporterBase::~ReporterBase() = default;
+
+    void ReporterBase::listReporters(
+        std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        defaultListReporters(m_stream, descriptions, m_config->verbosity());
+    }
+
+    void ReporterBase::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        defaultListListeners( m_stream, descriptions );
+    }
+
+    void ReporterBase::listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+        defaultListTests(m_stream,
+                         m_colour.get(),
+                         tests,
+                         m_config->hasTestFilters(),
+                         m_config->verbosity());
+    }
+
+    void ReporterBase::listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) {
+        defaultListTags( m_stream, tags, m_config->hasTestFilters() );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    // Colour::LightGrey
+    static constexpr Colour::Code compactDimColour = Colour::FileName;
+
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactFailedString = "FAILED"_sr;
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactPassedString = "PASSED"_sr;
+#else
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactFailedString = "failed"_sr;
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactPassedString = "passed"_sr;
+#endif
+
+// Implementation of CompactReporter formatting
+class AssertionPrinter {
+public:
+    AssertionPrinter& operator= (AssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    AssertionPrinter(AssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    AssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, bool _printInfoMessages, ColourImpl* colourImpl_)
+        : stream(_stream)
+        , result(_stats.assertionResult)
+        , messages(_stats.infoMessages)
+        , itMessage(_stats.infoMessages.begin())
+        , printInfoMessages(_printInfoMessages)
+        , colourImpl(colourImpl_)
+    {}
+
+    void print() {
+        printSourceInfo();
+
+        itMessage = messages.begin();
+
+        switch (result.getResultType()) {
+        case ResultWas::Ok:
+            printResultType(Colour::ResultSuccess, compactPassedString);
+            printOriginalExpression();
+            printReconstructedExpression();
+            if (!result.hasExpression())
+                printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+            else
+                printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+            if (result.isOk())
+                printResultType(Colour::ResultSuccess, compactFailedString + " - but was ok"_sr);
+            else
+                printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printOriginalExpression();
+            printReconstructedExpression();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("unexpected exception with message:");
+            printMessage();
+            printExpressionWas();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("fatal error condition with message:");
+            printMessage();
+            printExpressionWas();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("expected exception, got none");
+            printExpressionWas();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Info:
+            printResultType(Colour::None, "info"_sr);
+            printMessage();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Warning:
+            printResultType(Colour::None, "warning"_sr);
+            printMessage();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("explicitly");
+            printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+            printResultType(Colour::Skip, "skipped"_sr);
+            printMessage();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+            // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+        case ResultWas::Unknown:
+        case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+        case ResultWas::Exception:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, "** internal error **");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    void printSourceInfo() const {
+        stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::FileName )
+               << result.getSourceInfo() << ':';
+    }
+
+    void printResultType(Colour::Code colour, StringRef passOrFail) const {
+        if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(colour) << ' ' << passOrFail;
+            stream << ':';
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printIssue(char const* issue) const {
+        stream << ' ' << issue;
+    }
+
+    void printExpressionWas() {
+        if (result.hasExpression()) {
+            stream << ';';
+            {
+                stream << colourImpl->guardColour(compactDimColour) << " expression was:";
+            }
+            printOriginalExpression();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printOriginalExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpression()) {
+            stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(compactDimColour) << " for: ";
+            stream << result.getExpandedExpression();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printMessage() {
+        if (itMessage != messages.end()) {
+            stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+            ++itMessage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printRemainingMessages(Colour::Code colour = compactDimColour) {
+        if (itMessage == messages.end())
+            return;
+
+        const auto itEnd = messages.cend();
+        const auto N = static_cast<std::size_t>(itEnd - itMessage);
+
+        stream << colourImpl->guardColour( colour ) << " with "
+               << pluralise( N, "message"_sr ) << ':';
+
+        while (itMessage != itEnd) {
+            // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+            if (printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info) {
+                printMessage();
+                if (itMessage != itEnd) {
+                    stream << colourImpl->guardColour(compactDimColour) << " and";
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            ++itMessage;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::ostream& stream;
+    AssertionResult const& result;
+    std::vector<MessageInfo> const& messages;
+    std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
+    bool printInfoMessages;
+    ColourImpl* colourImpl;
+};
+
+} // anon namespace
+
+        std::string CompactReporter::getDescription() {
+            return "Reports test results on a single line, suitable for IDEs";
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+            m_stream << "No test cases matched '" << unmatchedSpec << "'\n";
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) {
+            if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+                m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::BrightYellow )
+                         << "Filters: "
+                         << m_config->testSpec()
+                         << '\n';
+            }
+            m_stream << "RNG seed: " << getSeed() << '\n';
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& _assertionStats ) {
+            AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+
+            bool printInfoMessages = true;
+
+            // Drop out if result was successful and we're not printing those
+            if( !m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() && result.isOk() ) {
+                if( result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::ExplicitSkip )
+                    return;
+                printInfoMessages = false;
+            }
+
+            AssertionPrinter printer( m_stream, _assertionStats, printInfoMessages, m_colour.get() );
+            printer.print();
+
+            m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) {
+            double dur = _sectionStats.durationInSeconds;
+            if ( shouldShowDuration( *m_config, dur ) ) {
+                m_stream << getFormattedDuration( dur ) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << '\n' << std::flush;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) {
+            printTestRunTotals( m_stream, *m_colour, _testRunStats.totals );
+            m_stream << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+            StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( _testRunStats );
+        }
+
+        CompactReporter::~CompactReporter() = default;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4061) // Not all labels are EXPLICITLY handled in switch
+ // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled and default is missing) is enabled
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#  pragma clang diagnostic push
+// For simplicity, benchmarking-only helpers are always enabled
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Formatter impl for ConsoleReporter
+class ConsoleAssertionPrinter {
+public:
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter& operator= (ConsoleAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter(ConsoleAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, ColourImpl* colourImpl_, bool _printInfoMessages)
+        : stream(_stream),
+        stats(_stats),
+        result(_stats.assertionResult),
+        colour(Colour::None),
+        messages(_stats.infoMessages),
+        colourImpl(colourImpl_),
+        printInfoMessages(_printInfoMessages) {
+        switch (result.getResultType()) {
+        case ResultWas::Ok:
+            colour = Colour::Success;
+            passOrFail = "PASSED"_sr;
+            //if( result.hasMessage() )
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+            if (result.isOk()) {
+                colour = Colour::Success;
+                passOrFail = "FAILED - but was ok"_sr;
+            } else {
+                colour = Colour::Error;
+                passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            }
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            // todo switch
+            switch (messages.size()) { case 0:
+                messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with "_sr;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with message"_sr;
+                break;
+            default:
+                messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with messages"_sr;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            messageLabel = "due to a fatal error condition"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            messageLabel = "because no exception was thrown where one was expected"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Info:
+            messageLabel = "info"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Warning:
+            messageLabel = "warning"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+            colour = Colour::Skip;
+            passOrFail = "SKIPPED"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+            // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+        case ResultWas::Unknown:
+        case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+        case ResultWas::Exception:
+            passOrFail = "** internal error **"_sr;
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void print() const {
+        printSourceInfo();
+        if (stats.totals.assertions.total() > 0) {
+            printResultType();
+            printOriginalExpression();
+            printReconstructedExpression();
+        } else {
+            stream << '\n';
+        }
+        printMessage();
+    }
+
+private:
+    void printResultType() const {
+        if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(colour) << passOrFail << ":\n";
+        }
+    }
+    void printOriginalExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpression()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::OriginalExpression )
+                   << "  " << result.getExpressionInMacro() << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+            stream << "with expansion:\n";
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::ReconstructedExpression )
+                   << TextFlow::Column( result.getExpandedExpression() )
+                          .indent( 2 )
+                   << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void printMessage() const {
+        if (!messageLabel.empty())
+            stream << messageLabel << ':' << '\n';
+        for (auto const& msg : messages) {
+            // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+            if (printInfoMessages || msg.type != ResultWas::Info)
+                stream << TextFlow::Column(msg.message).indent(2) << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void printSourceInfo() const {
+        stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::FileName )
+               << result.getSourceInfo() << ": ";
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& stream;
+    AssertionStats const& stats;
+    AssertionResult const& result;
+    Colour::Code colour;
+    StringRef passOrFail;
+    StringRef messageLabel;
+    std::vector<MessageInfo> const& messages;
+    ColourImpl* colourImpl;
+    bool printInfoMessages;
+};
+
+std::size_t makeRatio( std::uint64_t number, std::uint64_t total ) {
+    const auto ratio = total > 0 ? CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH * number / total : 0;
+    return (ratio == 0 && number > 0) ? 1 : static_cast<std::size_t>(ratio);
+}
+
+std::size_t&
+findMax( std::size_t& i, std::size_t& j, std::size_t& k, std::size_t& l ) {
+    if (i > j && i > k && i > l)
+        return i;
+    else if (j > k && j > l)
+        return j;
+    else if (k > l)
+        return k;
+    else
+        return l;
+}
+
+struct ColumnBreak {};
+struct RowBreak {};
+struct OutputFlush {};
+
+class Duration {
+    enum class Unit {
+        Auto,
+        Nanoseconds,
+        Microseconds,
+        Milliseconds,
+        Seconds,
+        Minutes
+    };
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond = 1000;
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond = 1000 * s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond;
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInASecond = 1000 * s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond;
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMinute = 60 * s_nanosecondsInASecond;
+
+    double m_inNanoseconds;
+    Unit m_units;
+
+public:
+    explicit Duration(double inNanoseconds, Unit units = Unit::Auto)
+        : m_inNanoseconds(inNanoseconds),
+        m_units(units) {
+        if (m_units == Unit::Auto) {
+            if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond)
+                m_units = Unit::Nanoseconds;
+            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond)
+                m_units = Unit::Microseconds;
+            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInASecond)
+                m_units = Unit::Milliseconds;
+            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMinute)
+                m_units = Unit::Seconds;
+            else
+                m_units = Unit::Minutes;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    auto value() const -> double {
+        switch (m_units) {
+        case Unit::Microseconds:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond);
+        case Unit::Milliseconds:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond);
+        case Unit::Seconds:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInASecond);
+        case Unit::Minutes:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMinute);
+        default:
+            return m_inNanoseconds;
+        }
+    }
+    StringRef unitsAsString() const {
+        switch (m_units) {
+        case Unit::Nanoseconds:
+            return "ns"_sr;
+        case Unit::Microseconds:
+            return "us"_sr;
+        case Unit::Milliseconds:
+            return "ms"_sr;
+        case Unit::Seconds:
+            return "s"_sr;
+        case Unit::Minutes:
+            return "m"_sr;
+        default:
+            return "** internal error **"_sr;
+        }
+
+    }
+    friend auto operator << (std::ostream& os, Duration const& duration) -> std::ostream& {
+        return os << duration.value() << ' ' << duration.unitsAsString();
+    }
+};
+} // end anon namespace
+
+enum class Justification { Left, Right };
+
+struct ColumnInfo {
+    std::string name;
+    std::size_t width;
+    Justification justification;
+};
+
+class TablePrinter {
+    std::ostream& m_os;
+    std::vector<ColumnInfo> m_columnInfos;
+    ReusableStringStream m_oss;
+    int m_currentColumn = -1;
+    bool m_isOpen = false;
+
+public:
+    TablePrinter( std::ostream& os, std::vector<ColumnInfo> columnInfos )
+    :   m_os( os ),
+        m_columnInfos( CATCH_MOVE( columnInfos ) ) {}
+
+    auto columnInfos() const -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> const& {
+        return m_columnInfos;
+    }
+
+    void open() {
+        if (!m_isOpen) {
+            m_isOpen = true;
+            *this << RowBreak();
+
+                       TextFlow::Columns headerCols;
+                       for (auto const& info : m_columnInfos) {
+                assert(info.width > 2);
+                               headerCols += TextFlow::Column(info.name).width(info.width - 2);
+                headerCols += TextFlow::Spacer( 2 );
+                       }
+                       m_os << headerCols << '\n';
+
+            m_os << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void close() {
+        if (m_isOpen) {
+            *this << RowBreak();
+            m_os << '\n' << std::flush;
+            m_isOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<< (TablePrinter& tp, T const& value) {
+        tp.m_oss << value;
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<< (TablePrinter& tp, ColumnBreak) {
+        auto colStr = tp.m_oss.str();
+        const auto strSize = colStr.size();
+        tp.m_oss.str("");
+        tp.open();
+        if (tp.m_currentColumn == static_cast<int>(tp.m_columnInfos.size() - 1)) {
+            tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+            tp.m_os << '\n';
+        }
+        tp.m_currentColumn++;
+
+        auto colInfo = tp.m_columnInfos[tp.m_currentColumn];
+        auto padding = (strSize + 1 < colInfo.width)
+            ? std::string(colInfo.width - (strSize + 1), ' ')
+            : std::string();
+        if (colInfo.justification == Justification::Left)
+            tp.m_os << colStr << padding << ' ';
+        else
+            tp.m_os << padding << colStr << ' ';
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<< (TablePrinter& tp, RowBreak) {
+        if (tp.m_currentColumn > 0) {
+            tp.m_os << '\n';
+            tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+        }
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<<(TablePrinter& tp, OutputFlush) {
+        tp.m_os << std::flush;
+        return tp;
+    }
+};
+
+ConsoleReporter::ConsoleReporter(ReporterConfig&& config):
+    StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE( config ) ),
+    m_tablePrinter(Detail::make_unique<TablePrinter>(m_stream,
+        [&config]() -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> {
+        if (config.fullConfig()->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
+        {
+            return{
+                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 43, Justification::Left },
+                { "     samples", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "  iterations", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "        mean", 14, Justification::Right }
+            };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return{
+                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 43, Justification::Left },
+                { "samples      mean       std dev", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "iterations   low mean   low std dev", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "est run time high mean  high std dev", 14, Justification::Right }
+            };
+        }
+    }())) {}
+ConsoleReporter::~ConsoleReporter() = default;
+
+std::string ConsoleReporter::getDescription() {
+    return "Reports test results as plain lines of text";
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+    m_stream << "No test cases matched '" << unmatchedSpec << "'\n";
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) {
+    m_stream << "Invalid Filter: " << arg << '\n';
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) {}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) {
+    AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+
+    bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+
+    // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
+    // TODO: Make configurable whether skips should be printed
+    if (!includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::ExplicitSkip)
+        return;
+
+    lazyPrint();
+
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter printer(m_stream, _assertionStats, m_colour.get(), includeResults);
+    printer.print();
+    m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) {
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    m_headerPrinted = false;
+    StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting(_sectionInfo);
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) {
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    if (_sectionStats.missingAssertions) {
+        lazyPrint();
+        auto guard =
+            m_colour->guardColour( Colour::ResultError ).engage( m_stream );
+        if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1)
+            m_stream << "\nNo assertions in section";
+        else
+            m_stream << "\nNo assertions in test case";
+        m_stream << " '" << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << "'\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+    double dur = _sectionStats.durationInSeconds;
+    if (shouldShowDuration(*m_config, dur)) {
+        m_stream << getFormattedDuration(dur) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+    if (m_headerPrinted) {
+        m_headerPrinted = false;
+    }
+    StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded(_sectionStats);
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+       lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+
+       auto nameCol = TextFlow::Column( static_cast<std::string>( name ) )
+                       .width( m_tablePrinter->columnInfos()[0].width - 2 );
+
+       bool firstLine = true;
+       for (auto line : nameCol) {
+               if (!firstLine)
+                       (*m_tablePrinter) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
+               else
+                       firstLine = false;
+
+               (*m_tablePrinter) << line << ColumnBreak();
+       }
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const& info) {
+    (*m_tablePrinter) << info.samples << ColumnBreak()
+        << info.iterations << ColumnBreak();
+    if ( !m_config->benchmarkNoAnalysis() ) {
+        ( *m_tablePrinter )
+            << Duration( info.estimatedDuration ) << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+    ( *m_tablePrinter ) << OutputFlush{};
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& stats) {
+    if (m_config->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
+    {
+        (*m_tablePrinter) << Duration(stats.mean.point.count()) << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        (*m_tablePrinter) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.mean.point.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.mean.lower_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.mean.upper_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.point.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.lower_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.upper_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) {
+    auto guard = m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Red ).engage( m_stream );
+    (*m_tablePrinter)
+        << "Benchmark failed (" << error << ')'
+        << ColumnBreak() << RowBreak();
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) {
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(_testCaseStats);
+    m_headerPrinted = false;
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) {
+    printTotalsDivider(_testRunStats.totals);
+    printTestRunTotals( m_stream, *m_colour, _testRunStats.totals );
+    m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+    StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded(_testRunStats);
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo) {
+    StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting(_testRunInfo);
+    if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::BrightYellow ) << "Filters: "
+                 << m_config->testSpec() << '\n';
+    }
+    m_stream << "Randomness seeded to: " << getSeed() << '\n';
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrint() {
+
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable() {
+
+    if ( !m_testRunInfoPrinted ) {
+        lazyPrintRunInfo();
+    }
+    if (!m_headerPrinted) {
+        printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
+        m_headerPrinted = true;
+    }
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintRunInfo() {
+    m_stream << '\n'
+             << lineOfChars( '~' ) << '\n'
+             << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::SecondaryText )
+             << currentTestRunInfo.name << " is a Catch2 v" << libraryVersion()
+             << " host application.\n"
+             << "Run with -? for options\n\n";
+
+    m_testRunInfoPrinted = true;
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::printTestCaseAndSectionHeader() {
+    assert(!m_sectionStack.empty());
+    printOpenHeader(currentTestCaseInfo->name);
+
+    if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1) {
+        auto guard = m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Headers ).engage( m_stream );
+
+        auto
+            it = m_sectionStack.begin() + 1, // Skip first section (test case)
+            itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
+        for (; it != itEnd; ++it)
+            printHeaderString(it->name, 2);
+    }
+
+    SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.back().lineInfo;
+
+
+    m_stream << lineOfChars( '-' ) << '\n'
+             << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::FileName ) << lineInfo << '\n'
+             << lineOfChars( '.' ) << "\n\n"
+             << std::flush;
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::printClosedHeader(std::string const& _name) {
+    printOpenHeader(_name);
+    m_stream << lineOfChars('.') << '\n';
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::printOpenHeader(std::string const& _name) {
+    m_stream << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+    {
+        auto guard = m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Headers ).engage( m_stream );
+        printHeaderString(_name);
+    }
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::printHeaderString(std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent) {
+    // We want to get a bit fancy with line breaking here, so that subsequent
+    // lines start after ":" if one is present, e.g.
+    // ```
+    // blablabla: Fancy
+    //            linebreaking
+    // ```
+    // but we also want to avoid problems with overly long indentation causing
+    // the text to take up too many lines, e.g.
+    // ```
+    // blablabla: F
+    //            a
+    //            n
+    //            c
+    //            y
+    //            .
+    //            .
+    //            .
+    // ```
+    // So we limit the prefix indentation check to first quarter of the possible
+    // width
+    std::size_t idx = _string.find( ": " );
+    if ( idx != std::string::npos && idx < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH / 4 ) {
+        idx += 2;
+    } else {
+        idx = 0;
+    }
+    m_stream << TextFlow::Column( _string )
+                  .indent( indent + idx )
+                  .initialIndent( indent )
+           << '\n';
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::printTotalsDivider(Totals const& totals) {
+    if (totals.testCases.total() > 0) {
+        std::size_t failedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.failed, totals.testCases.total());
+        std::size_t failedButOkRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.failedButOk, totals.testCases.total());
+        std::size_t passedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.passed, totals.testCases.total());
+        std::size_t skippedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.skipped, totals.testCases.total());
+        while (failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio + skippedRatio < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1)
+            findMax(failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio, skippedRatio)++;
+        while (failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio > CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1)
+            findMax(failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio, skippedRatio)--;
+
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Error )
+                 << std::string( failedRatio, '=' )
+                 << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::ResultExpectedFailure )
+                 << std::string( failedButOkRatio, '=' );
+        if ( totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
+            m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::ResultSuccess )
+                     << std::string( passedRatio, '=' );
+        } else {
+            m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Success )
+                     << std::string( passedRatio, '=' );
+        }
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Skip )
+                 << std::string( skippedRatio, '=' );
+    } else {
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Warning )
+                 << std::string( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1, '=' );
+    }
+    m_stream << '\n';
+}
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#  pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace {
+        struct BySectionInfo {
+            BySectionInfo( SectionInfo const& other ): m_other( other ) {}
+            BySectionInfo( BySectionInfo const& other ) = default;
+            bool operator()(
+                Detail::unique_ptr<CumulativeReporterBase::SectionNode> const&
+                    node ) const {
+                return (
+                    ( node->stats.sectionInfo.name == m_other.name ) &&
+                    ( node->stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo == m_other.lineInfo ) );
+            }
+            void operator=( BySectionInfo const& ) = delete;
+
+        private:
+            SectionInfo const& m_other;
+        };
+
+    } // namespace
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(
+            AssertionStats const& assertion ):
+            m_assertion( assertion ) {}
+
+        AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(
+            BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmark ):
+            m_benchmark( benchmark ) {}
+
+        bool AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::isAssertion() const {
+            return m_assertion.some();
+        }
+        bool AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::isBenchmark() const {
+            return m_benchmark.some();
+        }
+
+        AssertionStats const& AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::asAssertion() const {
+            assert(m_assertion.some());
+
+            return *m_assertion;
+        }
+        BenchmarkStats<> const& AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::asBenchmark() const {
+            assert(m_benchmark.some());
+
+            return *m_benchmark;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    CumulativeReporterBase::~CumulativeReporterBase() = default;
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats) {
+        m_sectionStack.back()->assertionsAndBenchmarks.emplace_back(benchmarkStats);
+    }
+
+    void
+    CumulativeReporterBase::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        // We need a copy, because SectionStats expect to take ownership
+        SectionStats incompleteStats( SectionInfo(sectionInfo), Counts(), 0, false );
+        SectionNode* node;
+        if ( m_sectionStack.empty() ) {
+            if ( !m_rootSection ) {
+                m_rootSection =
+                    Detail::make_unique<SectionNode>( incompleteStats );
+            }
+            node = m_rootSection.get();
+        } else {
+            SectionNode& parentNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
+            auto it = std::find_if( parentNode.childSections.begin(),
+                                    parentNode.childSections.end(),
+                                    BySectionInfo( sectionInfo ) );
+            if ( it == parentNode.childSections.end() ) {
+                auto newNode =
+                    Detail::make_unique<SectionNode>( incompleteStats );
+                node = newNode.get();
+                parentNode.childSections.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( newNode ) );
+            } else {
+                node = it->get();
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_deepestSection = node;
+        m_sectionStack.push_back( node );
+    }
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::assertionEnded(
+        AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
+        // AssertionResult holds a pointer to a temporary DecomposedExpression,
+        // which getExpandedExpression() calls to build the expression string.
+        // Our section stack copy of the assertionResult will likely outlive the
+        // temporary, so it must be expanded or discarded now to avoid calling
+        // a destroyed object later.
+        if ( m_shouldStoreFailedAssertions &&
+             !assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+            static_cast<void>(
+                assertionStats.assertionResult.getExpandedExpression() );
+        }
+        if ( m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions &&
+             assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+            static_cast<void>(
+                assertionStats.assertionResult.getExpandedExpression() );
+        }
+        SectionNode& sectionNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
+        sectionNode.assertionsAndBenchmarks.emplace_back( assertionStats );
+    }
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+        assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
+        SectionNode& node = *m_sectionStack.back();
+        node.stats = sectionStats;
+        m_sectionStack.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::testCaseEnded(
+        TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        auto node = Detail::make_unique<TestCaseNode>( testCaseStats );
+        assert( m_sectionStack.size() == 0 );
+        node->children.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(m_rootSection) );
+        m_testCases.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(node) );
+
+        assert( m_deepestSection );
+        m_deepestSection->stdOut = testCaseStats.stdOut;
+        m_deepestSection->stdErr = testCaseStats.stdErr;
+    }
+
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+        assert(!m_testRun && "CumulativeReporterBase assumes there can only be one test run");
+        m_testRun = Detail::make_unique<TestRunNode>( testRunStats );
+        m_testRun->children.swap( m_testCases );
+        testRunEndedCumulative();
+    }
+
+    bool CumulativeReporterBase::SectionNode::hasAnyAssertions() const {
+        return std::any_of(
+            assertionsAndBenchmarks.begin(),
+            assertionsAndBenchmarks.end(),
+            []( Detail::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult const& res ) {
+                return res.isAssertion();
+            } );
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    void EventListenerBase::fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef ) {}
+
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkFailed( StringRef ) {}
+
+    void EventListenerBase::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) {}
+
+    void EventListenerBase::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listReporters(
+        std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCasePartialStarting(TestCaseInfo const&, uint64_t) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCasePartialEnded(TestCaseStats const&, uint64_t) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& ) {}
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        void listTestNamesOnly(std::ostream& out,
+                               std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+            for (auto const& test : tests) {
+                auto const& testCaseInfo = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+
+                if (startsWith(testCaseInfo.name, '#')) {
+                    out << '"' << testCaseInfo.name << '"';
+                } else {
+                    out << testCaseInfo.name;
+                }
+
+                out << '\n';
+            }
+            out << std::flush;
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+
+    // Because formatting using c++ streams is stateful, drop down to C is
+    // required Alternatively we could use stringstream, but its performance
+    // is... not good.
+    std::string getFormattedDuration( double duration ) {
+        // Max exponent + 1 is required to represent the whole part
+        // + 1 for decimal point
+        // + 3 for the 3 decimal places
+        // + 1 for null terminator
+        const std::size_t maxDoubleSize = DBL_MAX_10_EXP + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1;
+        char buffer[maxDoubleSize];
+
+        // Save previous errno, to prevent sprintf from overwriting it
+        ErrnoGuard guard;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        size_t printedLength = static_cast<size_t>(
+            sprintf_s( buffer, "%.3f", duration ) );
+#else
+        size_t printedLength = static_cast<size_t>(
+            std::snprintf( buffer, maxDoubleSize, "%.3f", duration ) );
+#endif
+        return std::string( buffer, printedLength );
+    }
+
+    bool shouldShowDuration( IConfig const& config, double duration ) {
+        if ( config.showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always ) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if ( config.showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const double min = config.minDuration();
+        return min >= 0 && duration >= min;
+    }
+
+    std::string serializeFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+        // We add a ' ' separator between each filter
+        size_t serialized_size = filters.size() - 1;
+        for (auto const& filter : filters) {
+            serialized_size += filter.size();
+        }
+
+        std::string serialized;
+        serialized.reserve(serialized_size);
+        bool first = true;
+
+        for (auto const& filter : filters) {
+            if (!first) {
+                serialized.push_back(' ');
+            }
+            first = false;
+            serialized.append(filter);
+        }
+
+        return serialized;
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& out, lineOfChars value ) {
+        for ( size_t idx = 0; idx < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1; ++idx ) {
+            out.put( value.c );
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    void
+    defaultListReporters( std::ostream& out,
+                          std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions,
+                          Verbosity verbosity ) {
+        out << "Available reporters:\n";
+        const auto maxNameLen =
+            std::max_element( descriptions.begin(),
+                              descriptions.end(),
+                              []( ReporterDescription const& lhs,
+                                  ReporterDescription const& rhs ) {
+                                  return lhs.name.size() < rhs.name.size();
+                              } )
+                ->name.size();
+
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            if ( verbosity == Verbosity::Quiet ) {
+                out << TextFlow::Column( desc.name )
+                           .indent( 2 )
+                           .width( 5 + maxNameLen )
+                    << '\n';
+            } else {
+                out << TextFlow::Column( desc.name + ':' )
+                               .indent( 2 )
+                               .width( 5 + maxNameLen ) +
+                           TextFlow::Column( desc.description )
+                               .initialIndent( 0 )
+                               .indent( 2 )
+                               .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - maxNameLen - 8 )
+                    << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+        out << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void defaultListListeners( std::ostream& out,
+                               std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        out << "Registered listeners:\n";
+
+        if(descriptions.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto maxNameLen =
+            std::max_element( descriptions.begin(),
+                              descriptions.end(),
+                              []( ListenerDescription const& lhs,
+                                  ListenerDescription const& rhs ) {
+                                  return lhs.name.size() < rhs.name.size();
+                              } )
+                ->name.size();
+
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            out << TextFlow::Column( static_cast<std::string>( desc.name ) +
+                                     ':' )
+                           .indent( 2 )
+                           .width( maxNameLen + 5 ) +
+                       TextFlow::Column( desc.description )
+                           .initialIndent( 0 )
+                           .indent( 2 )
+                           .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - maxNameLen - 8 )
+                << '\n';
+        }
+
+        out << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void defaultListTags( std::ostream& out,
+                          std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags,
+                          bool isFiltered ) {
+        if ( isFiltered ) {
+            out << "Tags for matching test cases:\n";
+        } else {
+            out << "All available tags:\n";
+        }
+
+        for ( auto const& tagCount : tags ) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << "  " << std::setw( 2 ) << tagCount.count << "  ";
+            auto str = rss.str();
+            auto wrapper = TextFlow::Column( tagCount.all() )
+                               .initialIndent( 0 )
+                               .indent( str.size() )
+                               .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 10 );
+            out << str << wrapper << '\n';
+        }
+        out << pluralise(tags.size(), "tag"_sr) << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void defaultListTests(std::ostream& out, ColourImpl* streamColour, std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests, bool isFiltered, Verbosity verbosity) {
+        // We special case this to provide the equivalent of old
+        // `--list-test-names-only`, which could then be used by the
+        // `--input-file` option.
+        if (verbosity == Verbosity::Quiet) {
+            listTestNamesOnly(out, tests);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (isFiltered) {
+            out << "Matching test cases:\n";
+        } else {
+            out << "All available test cases:\n";
+        }
+
+        for (auto const& test : tests) {
+            auto const& testCaseInfo = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+            Colour::Code colour = testCaseInfo.isHidden()
+                ? Colour::SecondaryText
+                : Colour::None;
+            auto colourGuard = streamColour->guardColour( colour ).engage( out );
+
+            out << TextFlow::Column(testCaseInfo.name).indent(2) << '\n';
+            if (verbosity >= Verbosity::High) {
+                out << TextFlow::Column(Catch::Detail::stringify(testCaseInfo.lineInfo)).indent(4) << '\n';
+            }
+            if (!testCaseInfo.tags.empty() &&
+                verbosity > Verbosity::Quiet) {
+                out << TextFlow::Column(testCaseInfo.tagsAsString()).indent(6) << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (isFiltered) {
+            out << pluralise(tests.size(), "matching test case"_sr);
+        } else {
+            out << pluralise(tests.size(), "test case"_sr);
+        }
+        out << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        class SummaryColumn {
+        public:
+            SummaryColumn( std::string suffix, Colour::Code colour ):
+                m_suffix( CATCH_MOVE( suffix ) ), m_colour( colour ) {}
+
+            SummaryColumn&& addRow( std::uint64_t count ) && {
+                std::string row = std::to_string(count);
+                auto const new_width = std::max( m_width, row.size() );
+                if ( new_width > m_width ) {
+                    for ( auto& oldRow : m_rows ) {
+                        oldRow.insert( 0, new_width - m_width, ' ' );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    row.insert( 0, m_width - row.size(), ' ' );
+                }
+                m_width = new_width;
+                m_rows.push_back( row );
+                return std::move( *this );
+            }
+
+            std::string const& getSuffix() const { return m_suffix; }
+            Colour::Code getColour() const { return m_colour; }
+            std::string const& getRow( std::size_t index ) const {
+                return m_rows[index];
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::string m_suffix;
+            Colour::Code m_colour;
+            std::size_t m_width = 0;
+            std::vector<std::string> m_rows;
+        };
+
+        void printSummaryRow( std::ostream& stream,
+                              ColourImpl& colour,
+                              StringRef label,
+                              std::vector<SummaryColumn> const& cols,
+                              std::size_t row ) {
+            for ( auto const& col : cols ) {
+                auto const& value = col.getRow( row );
+                auto const& suffix = col.getSuffix();
+                if ( suffix.empty() ) {
+                    stream << label << ": ";
+                    if ( value != "0" ) {
+                        stream << value;
+                    } else {
+                        stream << colour.guardColour( Colour::Warning )
+                               << "- none -";
+                    }
+                } else if ( value != "0" ) {
+                    stream << colour.guardColour( Colour::LightGrey ) << " | "
+                           << colour.guardColour( col.getColour() ) << value
+                           << ' ' << suffix;
+                }
+            }
+            stream << '\n';
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    void printTestRunTotals( std::ostream& stream,
+                             ColourImpl& streamColour,
+                             Totals const& totals ) {
+        if ( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
+            stream << streamColour.guardColour( Colour::Warning )
+                   << "No tests ran\n";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
+            stream << streamColour.guardColour( Colour::ResultSuccess )
+                   << "All tests passed";
+            stream << " ("
+                   << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion"_sr )
+                   << " in "
+                   << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case"_sr )
+                   << ')' << '\n';
+            return;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<SummaryColumn> columns;
+        // Don't include "skipped assertions" in total count
+        const auto totalAssertionCount =
+            totals.assertions.total() - totals.assertions.skipped;
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "", Colour::None )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.total() )
+                               .addRow( totalAssertionCount ) );
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "passed", Colour::Success )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.passed )
+                               .addRow( totals.assertions.passed ) );
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "failed", Colour::ResultError )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.failed )
+                               .addRow( totals.assertions.failed ) );
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "skipped", Colour::Skip )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.skipped )
+                               // Don't print "skipped assertions"
+                               .addRow( 0 ) );
+        columns.push_back(
+            SummaryColumn( "failed as expected", Colour::ResultExpectedFailure )
+                .addRow( totals.testCases.failedButOk )
+                .addRow( totals.assertions.failedButOk ) );
+        printSummaryRow( stream, streamColour, "test cases"_sr, columns, 0 );
+        printSummaryRow( stream, streamColour, "assertions"_sr, columns, 1 );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+//
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace {
+        void writeSourceInfo( JsonObjectWriter& writer,
+                              SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo ) {
+            auto source_location_writer =
+                writer.write( "source-location"_sr ).writeObject();
+            source_location_writer.write( "filename"_sr )
+                .write( sourceInfo.file );
+            source_location_writer.write( "line"_sr ).write( sourceInfo.line );
+        }
+
+        void writeTags( JsonArrayWriter writer, std::vector<Tag> const& tags ) {
+            for ( auto const& tag : tags ) {
+                writer.write( tag.original );
+            }
+        }
+
+        void writeProperties( JsonArrayWriter writer,
+                              TestCaseInfo const& info ) {
+            if ( info.isHidden() ) { writer.write( "is-hidden"_sr ); }
+            if ( info.okToFail() ) { writer.write( "ok-to-fail"_sr ); }
+            if ( info.expectedToFail() ) {
+                writer.write( "expected-to-fail"_sr );
+            }
+            if ( info.throws() ) { writer.write( "throws"_sr ); }
+        }
+
+    } // namespace
+
+    JsonReporter::JsonReporter( ReporterConfig&& config ):
+        StreamingReporterBase{ CATCH_MOVE( config ) } {
+
+        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        // TBD: Do we want to report all assertions? XML reporter does
+        //      not, but for machine-parseable reporters I think the answer
+        //      should be yes.
+        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+
+        m_objectWriters.emplace( m_stream );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Object );
+        auto& writer = m_objectWriters.top();
+
+        writer.write( "version"_sr ).write( 1 );
+
+        {
+            auto metadata_writer = writer.write( "metadata"_sr ).writeObject();
+            metadata_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( m_config->name() );
+            metadata_writer.write( "rng-seed"_sr ).write( m_config->rngSeed() );
+            metadata_writer.write( "catch2-version"_sr )
+                .write( libraryVersion() );
+            if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+                metadata_writer.write( "filters"_sr )
+                    .write( m_config->testSpec() );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    JsonReporter::~JsonReporter() {
+        endListing();
+        // TODO: Ensure this closes the top level object, add asserts
+        assert( m_writers.size() == 1 && "Only the top level object should be open" );
+        assert( m_writers.top() == Writer::Object );
+        endObject();
+        m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+        assert( m_writers.empty() );
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter& JsonReporter::startArray() {
+        m_arrayWriters.emplace( m_arrayWriters.top().writeArray() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Array );
+        return m_arrayWriters.top();
+    }
+    JsonArrayWriter& JsonReporter::startArray( StringRef key ) {
+        m_arrayWriters.emplace(
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( key ).writeArray() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Array );
+        return m_arrayWriters.top();
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter& JsonReporter::startObject() {
+        m_objectWriters.emplace( m_arrayWriters.top().writeObject() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Object );
+        return m_objectWriters.top();
+    }
+    JsonObjectWriter& JsonReporter::startObject( StringRef key ) {
+        m_objectWriters.emplace(
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( key ).writeObject() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Object );
+        return m_objectWriters.top();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::endObject() {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Object ) );
+        m_objectWriters.pop();
+        m_writers.pop();
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::endArray() {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        m_arrayWriters.pop();
+        m_writers.pop();
+    }
+
+    bool JsonReporter::isInside( Writer writer ) {
+        return !m_writers.empty() && m_writers.top() == writer;
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::startListing() {
+        if ( !m_startedListing ) { startObject( "listings"_sr ); }
+        m_startedListing = true;
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::endListing() {
+        if ( m_startedListing ) { endObject(); }
+        m_startedListing = false;
+    }
+
+    std::string JsonReporter::getDescription() {
+        return "Outputs listings as JSON. Test listing is Work-in-Progress!";
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( runInfo );
+        endListing();
+
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Object ) );
+        startObject( "test-run"_sr );
+        startArray( "test-cases"_sr );
+    }
+
+     static void writeCounts( JsonObjectWriter&& writer, Counts const& counts ) {
+        writer.write( "passed"_sr ).write( counts.passed );
+        writer.write( "failed"_sr ).write( counts.failed );
+        writer.write( "fail-but-ok"_sr ).write( counts.failedButOk );
+        writer.write( "skipped"_sr ).write( counts.skipped );
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& runStats) {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        // End "test-cases"
+        endArray();
+
+        {
+            auto totals =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "totals"_sr ).writeObject();
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "assertions"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         runStats.totals.assertions );
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "test-cases"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         runStats.totals.testCases );
+        }
+
+        // End the "test-run" object
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& tcInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting( tcInfo );
+
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) &&
+                "We should be in the 'test-cases' array" );
+        startObject();
+        // "test-info" prelude
+        {
+            auto testInfo =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "test-info"_sr ).writeObject();
+            // TODO: handle testName vs className!!
+            testInfo.write( "name"_sr ).write( tcInfo.name );
+            writeSourceInfo(testInfo, tcInfo.lineInfo);
+            writeTags( testInfo.write( "tags"_sr ).writeArray(), tcInfo.tags );
+            writeProperties( testInfo.write( "properties"_sr ).writeArray(),
+                             tcInfo );
+        }
+
+
+        // Start the array for individual test runs (testCasePartial pairs)
+        startArray( "runs"_sr );
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( tcStats );
+
+        // We need to close the 'runs' array before finishing the test case
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        endArray();
+
+        {
+            auto totals =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "totals"_sr ).writeObject();
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "assertions"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         tcStats.totals.assertions );
+            // We do not write the test case totals, because there will always be just one test case here.
+            // TODO: overall "result" -> success, skip, fail here? Or in partial result?
+        }
+        // We do not write out stderr/stdout, because we instead wrote those out in partial runs
+
+        // TODO: aborting?
+
+        // And we also close this test case's object
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Object ) );
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& /*tcInfo*/,
+                                                uint64_t index ) {
+        startObject();
+        m_objectWriters.top().write( "run-idx"_sr ).write( index );
+        startArray( "path"_sr );
+        // TODO: we want to delay most of the printing to the 'root' section
+        // TODO: childSection key name?
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats,
+                                             uint64_t /*index*/ ) {
+        // Fixme: the top level section handles this.
+        //// path object
+        endArray();
+        if ( !tcStats.stdOut.empty() ) {
+            m_objectWriters.top()
+                .write( "captured-stdout"_sr )
+                .write( tcStats.stdOut );
+        }
+        if ( !tcStats.stdErr.empty() ) {
+            m_objectWriters.top()
+                .write( "captured-stderr"_sr )
+                .write( tcStats.stdErr );
+        }
+        {
+            auto totals =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "totals"_sr ).writeObject();
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "assertions"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         tcStats.totals.assertions );
+            // We do not write the test case totals, because there will
+            // always be just one test case here.
+            // TODO: overall "result" -> success, skip, fail here? Or in
+            // partial result?
+        }
+        // TODO: aborting?
+        // run object
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) &&
+                "Section should always start inside an object" );
+        // We want to nest top level sections, even though it shares name
+        // and source loc with the TEST_CASE
+        auto& sectionObject = startObject();
+        sectionObject.write( "kind"_sr ).write( "section"_sr );
+        sectionObject.write( "name"_sr ).write( sectionInfo.name );
+        writeSourceInfo( m_objectWriters.top(), sectionInfo.lineInfo );
+
+
+        // TBD: Do we want to create this event lazily? It would become
+        //      rather complex, but we could do it, and it would look
+        //      better for empty sections. OTOH, empty sections should
+        //      be rare.
+        startArray( "path"_sr );
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& /*sectionStats */) {
+        // End the subpath array
+        endArray();
+        // TODO: metadata
+        // TODO: what info do we have here?
+
+        // End the section object
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& /*assertionInfo*/ ) {}
+    void JsonReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        // TODO: There is lot of different things to handle here, but
+        //       we can fill it in later, after we show that the basic
+        //       outline and streaming reporter impl works well enough.
+        //if ( !m_config->includeSuccessfulResults()
+        //    && assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+        //    return;
+        //}
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        auto assertionObject = m_arrayWriters.top().writeObject();
+
+        assertionObject.write( "kind"_sr ).write( "assertion"_sr );
+        writeSourceInfo( assertionObject,
+                         assertionStats.assertionResult.getSourceInfo() );
+        assertionObject.write( "status"_sr )
+            .write( assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() );
+        // TODO: handling of result.
+        // TODO: messages
+        // TODO: totals?
+    }
+
+
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) { (void)name; }
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) {}
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) {}
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) { (void)error; }
+
+    void JsonReporter::listReporters(
+        std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer =
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( "reporters"_sr ).writeArray();
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            auto desc_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            desc_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( desc.name );
+            desc_writer.write( "description"_sr ).write( desc.description );
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer =
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( "listeners"_sr ).writeArray();
+
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            auto desc_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            desc_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( desc.name );
+            desc_writer.write( "description"_sr ).write( desc.description );
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer = m_objectWriters.top().write( "tests"_sr ).writeArray();
+
+        for ( auto const& test : tests ) {
+            auto desc_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            auto const& info = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+
+            desc_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( info.name );
+            desc_writer.write( "class-name"_sr ).write( info.className );
+            {
+                auto tag_writer = desc_writer.write( "tags"_sr ).writeArray();
+                for ( auto const& tag : info.tags ) {
+                    tag_writer.write( tag.original );
+                }
+            }
+            writeSourceInfo( desc_writer, info.lineInfo );
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer = m_objectWriters.top().write( "tags"_sr ).writeArray();
+        for ( auto const& tag : tags ) {
+            auto tag_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            {
+                auto aliases_writer =
+                    tag_writer.write( "aliases"_sr ).writeArray();
+                for ( auto alias : tag.spellings ) {
+                    aliases_writer.write( alias );
+                }
+            }
+            tag_writer.write( "count"_sr ).write( tag.count );
+        }
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+            time_t rawtime;
+            std::time(&rawtime);
+
+            std::tm timeInfo = {};
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) || defined (__MINGW32__)
+            gmtime_s(&timeInfo, &rawtime);
+#elif defined (CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION)
+            gmtime_s(&rawtime, &timeInfo);
+#elif defined (__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+            timeInfo = *std::gmtime(&rawtime);
+#else
+            gmtime_r(&rawtime, &timeInfo);
+#endif
+
+            auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+            char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+            const char * const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, &timeInfo);
+
+            return std::string(timeStamp, timeStampSize - 1);
+        }
+
+        std::string fileNameTag(std::vector<Tag> const& tags) {
+            auto it = std::find_if(begin(tags),
+                                   end(tags),
+                                   [] (Tag const& tag) {
+                                       return tag.original.size() > 0
+                                           && tag.original[0] == '#'; });
+            if (it != tags.end()) {
+                return static_cast<std::string>(
+                    it->original.substr(1, it->original.size() - 1)
+                );
+            }
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // Formats the duration in seconds to 3 decimal places.
+        // This is done because some genius defined Maven Surefire schema
+        // in a way that only accepts 3 decimal places, and tools like
+        // Jenkins use that schema for validation JUnit reporter output.
+        std::string formatDuration( double seconds ) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << std::fixed << std::setprecision( 3 ) << seconds;
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+
+        static void normalizeNamespaceMarkers(std::string& str) {
+            std::size_t pos = str.find( "::" );
+            while ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+                str.replace( pos, 2, "." );
+                pos += 1;
+                pos = str.find( "::", pos );
+            }
+        }
+
+    } // anonymous namespace
+
+    JunitReporter::JunitReporter( ReporterConfig&& _config )
+        :   CumulativeReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(_config) ),
+            xml( m_stream )
+        {
+            m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+            m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+            m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions = false;
+        }
+
+    std::string JunitReporter::getDescription() {
+        return "Reports test results in an XML format that looks like Ant's junitreport target";
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo )  {
+        CumulativeReporterBase::testRunStarting( runInfo );
+        xml.startElement( "testsuites" );
+        suiteTimer.start();
+        stdOutForSuite.clear();
+        stdErrForSuite.clear();
+        unexpectedExceptions = 0;
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo ) {
+        m_okToFail = testCaseInfo.okToFail();
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        if( assertionStats.assertionResult.getResultType() == ResultWas::ThrewException && !m_okToFail )
+            unexpectedExceptions++;
+        CumulativeReporterBase::assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        stdOutForSuite += testCaseStats.stdOut;
+        stdErrForSuite += testCaseStats.stdErr;
+        CumulativeReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testRunEndedCumulative() {
+        const auto suiteTime = suiteTimer.getElapsedSeconds();
+        writeRun( *m_testRun, suiteTime );
+        xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeRun( TestRunNode const& testRunNode, double suiteTime ) {
+        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testsuite" );
+
+        TestRunStats const& stats = testRunNode.value;
+        xml.writeAttribute( "name"_sr, stats.runInfo.name );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "errors"_sr, unexpectedExceptions );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, stats.totals.assertions.failed-unexpectedExceptions );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "skipped"_sr, stats.totals.assertions.skipped );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "tests"_sr, stats.totals.assertions.total() );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "hostname"_sr, "tbd"_sr ); // !TBD
+        if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never )
+            xml.writeAttribute( "time"_sr, ""_sr );
+        else
+            xml.writeAttribute( "time"_sr, formatDuration( suiteTime ) );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "timestamp"_sr, getCurrentTimestamp() );
+
+        // Write properties
+        {
+            auto properties = xml.scopedElement("properties");
+            xml.scopedElement("property")
+                .writeAttribute("name"_sr, "random-seed"_sr)
+                .writeAttribute("value"_sr, m_config->rngSeed());
+            if (m_config->testSpec().hasFilters()) {
+                xml.scopedElement("property")
+                    .writeAttribute("name"_sr, "filters"_sr)
+                    .writeAttribute("value"_sr, m_config->testSpec());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Write test cases
+        for( auto const& child : testRunNode.children )
+            writeTestCase( *child );
+
+        xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( stdOutForSuite ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( stdErrForSuite ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeTestCase( TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode ) {
+        TestCaseStats const& stats = testCaseNode.value;
+
+        // All test cases have exactly one section - which represents the
+        // test case itself. That section may have 0-n nested sections
+        assert( testCaseNode.children.size() == 1 );
+        SectionNode const& rootSection = *testCaseNode.children.front();
+
+        std::string className =
+            static_cast<std::string>( stats.testInfo->className );
+
+        if( className.empty() ) {
+            className = fileNameTag(stats.testInfo->tags);
+            if ( className.empty() ) {
+                className = "global";
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( !m_config->name().empty() )
+            className = static_cast<std::string>(m_config->name()) + '.' + className;
+
+        normalizeNamespaceMarkers(className);
+
+        writeSection( className, "", rootSection, stats.testInfo->okToFail() );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeSection( std::string const& className,
+                                      std::string const& rootName,
+                                      SectionNode const& sectionNode,
+                                      bool testOkToFail) {
+        std::string name = trim( sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name );
+        if( !rootName.empty() )
+            name = rootName + '/' + name;
+
+        if( sectionNode.hasAnyAssertions()
+           || !sectionNode.stdOut.empty()
+           || !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() ) {
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testcase" );
+            if( className.empty() ) {
+                xml.writeAttribute( "classname"_sr, name );
+                xml.writeAttribute( "name"_sr, "root"_sr );
+            }
+            else {
+                xml.writeAttribute( "classname"_sr, className );
+                xml.writeAttribute( "name"_sr, name );
+            }
+            xml.writeAttribute( "time"_sr, formatDuration( sectionNode.stats.durationInSeconds ) );
+            // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's
+            // junit output.
+            // Ideally the JUnit reporter would also handle `skipTest`
+            // events and write those out appropriately.
+            xml.writeAttribute( "status"_sr, "run"_sr );
+
+            if (sectionNode.stats.assertions.failedButOk) {
+                xml.scopedElement("skipped")
+                    .writeAttribute("message", "TEST_CASE tagged with !mayfail");
+            }
+
+            writeAssertions( sectionNode );
+
+
+            if( !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() )
+                xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdOut ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+            if( !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() )
+                xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdErr ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        }
+        for( auto const& childNode : sectionNode.childSections )
+            if( className.empty() )
+                writeSection( name, "", *childNode, testOkToFail );
+            else
+                writeSection( className, name, *childNode, testOkToFail );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeAssertions( SectionNode const& sectionNode ) {
+        for (auto const& assertionOrBenchmark : sectionNode.assertionsAndBenchmarks) {
+            if (assertionOrBenchmark.isAssertion()) {
+                writeAssertion(assertionOrBenchmark.asAssertion());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeAssertion( AssertionStats const& stats ) {
+        AssertionResult const& result = stats.assertionResult;
+        if ( !result.isOk() ||
+             result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            std::string elementName;
+            switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                    elementName = "error";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                    elementName = "failure";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                    elementName = "skipped";
+                    break;
+                // We should never see these here:
+                case ResultWas::Info:
+                case ResultWas::Warning:
+                case ResultWas::Ok:
+                case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                case ResultWas::Exception:
+                    elementName = "internalError";
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( elementName );
+
+            xml.writeAttribute( "message"_sr, result.getExpression() );
+            xml.writeAttribute( "type"_sr, result.getTestMacroName() );
+
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            if ( result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+                rss << "SKIPPED\n";
+            } else {
+                rss << "FAILED" << ":\n";
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    rss << "  ";
+                    rss << result.getExpressionInMacro();
+                    rss << '\n';
+                }
+                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+                    rss << "with expansion:\n";
+                    rss << TextFlow::Column(result.getExpandedExpression()).indent(2) << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+
+            if( result.hasMessage() )
+                rss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
+            for( auto const& msg : stats.infoMessages )
+                if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info )
+                    rss << msg.message << '\n';
+
+            rss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
+            xml.writeText( rss.str(), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void MultiReporter::updatePreferences(IEventListener const& reporterish) {
+        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut |=
+            reporterish.getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut;
+        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions |=
+            reporterish.getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions;
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::addListener( IEventListenerPtr&& listener ) {
+        updatePreferences(*listener);
+        m_reporterLikes.insert(m_reporterLikes.begin() + m_insertedListeners, CATCH_MOVE(listener) );
+        ++m_insertedListeners;
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::addReporter( IEventListenerPtr&& reporter ) {
+        updatePreferences(*reporter);
+
+        // We will need to output the captured stdout if there are reporters
+        // that do not want it captured.
+        // We do not consider listeners, because it is generally assumed that
+        // listeners are output-transparent, even though they can ask for stdout
+        // capture to do something with it.
+        m_haveNoncapturingReporters |= !reporter->getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut;
+
+        // Reporters can always be placed to the back without breaking the
+        // reporting order
+        m_reporterLikes.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( reporter ) );
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->noMatchingTestCases( unmatchedSpec );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->fatalErrorEncountered( error );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->reportInvalidTestSpec( arg );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkPreparing(name);
+        }
+    }
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkStarting( benchmarkInfo );
+        }
+    }
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkEnded( benchmarkStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkFailed(error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testRunStarting( testRunInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCaseStarting( testInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void
+    MultiReporter::testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo,
+                                                uint64_t partNumber ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCasePartialStarting( testInfo, partNumber );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->assertionStarting( assertionInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        const bool reportByDefault =
+            assertionStats.assertionResult.getResultType() != ResultWas::Ok ||
+            m_config->includeSuccessfulResults();
+
+        for ( auto & reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            if ( reportByDefault ||
+                 reporterish->getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions ) {
+                    reporterish->assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->sectionEnded( sectionStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& testStats,
+                                                  uint64_t partNumber ) {
+        if ( m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut &&
+             m_haveNoncapturingReporters ) {
+            if ( !testStats.stdOut.empty() ) {
+                Catch::cout() << testStats.stdOut << std::flush;
+            }
+            if ( !testStats.stdErr.empty() ) {
+                Catch::cerr() << testStats.stdErr << std::flush;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCasePartialEnded( testStats, partNumber );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testRunEnded( testRunStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void MultiReporter::skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->skipTest( testInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->listReporters(descriptions);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->listListeners( descriptions );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->listTests(tests);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->listTags(tags);
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        void registerReporterImpl( std::string const& name,
+                                   IReporterFactoryPtr reporterPtr ) {
+            CATCH_TRY {
+                getMutableRegistryHub().registerReporter(
+                    name, CATCH_MOVE( reporterPtr ) );
+            }
+            CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+                // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead
+                // register the exception to be processed later
+                getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void registerListenerImpl( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> listenerFactory ) {
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerListener( CATCH_MOVE(listenerFactory) );
+        }
+
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <map>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        std::string createMetadataString(IConfig const& config) {
+            ReusableStringStream sstr;
+            if ( config.testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+                sstr << "filters='"
+                         << config.testSpec()
+                         << "' ";
+            }
+            sstr << "rng-seed=" << config.rngSeed();
+            return sstr.str();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo) {
+        CumulativeReporterBase::testRunStarting(testRunInfo);
+
+        xml.writeComment( createMetadataString( *m_config ) );
+        xml.startElement("testExecutions");
+        xml.writeAttribute("version"_sr, '1');
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeRun( TestRunNode const& runNode ) {
+        std::map<StringRef, std::vector<TestCaseNode const*>> testsPerFile;
+
+        for ( auto const& child : runNode.children ) {
+            testsPerFile[child->value.testInfo->lineInfo.file].push_back(
+                child.get() );
+        }
+
+        for ( auto const& kv : testsPerFile ) {
+            writeTestFile( kv.first, kv.second );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeTestFile(StringRef filename, std::vector<TestCaseNode const*> const& testCaseNodes) {
+        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement("file");
+        xml.writeAttribute("path"_sr, filename);
+
+        for (auto const& child : testCaseNodes)
+            writeTestCase(*child);
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode) {
+        // All test cases have exactly one section - which represents the
+        // test case itself. That section may have 0-n nested sections
+        assert(testCaseNode.children.size() == 1);
+        SectionNode const& rootSection = *testCaseNode.children.front();
+        writeSection("", rootSection, testCaseNode.value.testInfo->okToFail());
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeSection(std::string const& rootName, SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail) {
+        std::string name = trim(sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name);
+        if (!rootName.empty())
+            name = rootName + '/' + name;
+
+        if ( sectionNode.hasAnyAssertions()
+            || !sectionNode.stdOut.empty()
+            ||  !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() ) {
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement("testCase");
+            xml.writeAttribute("name"_sr, name);
+            xml.writeAttribute("duration"_sr, static_cast<long>(sectionNode.stats.durationInSeconds * 1000));
+
+            writeAssertions(sectionNode, okToFail);
+        }
+
+        for (auto const& childNode : sectionNode.childSections)
+            writeSection(name, *childNode, okToFail);
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail) {
+        for (auto const& assertionOrBenchmark : sectionNode.assertionsAndBenchmarks) {
+            if (assertionOrBenchmark.isAssertion()) {
+                writeAssertion(assertionOrBenchmark.asAssertion(), okToFail);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats, bool okToFail) {
+        AssertionResult const& result = stats.assertionResult;
+        if ( !result.isOk() ||
+             result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            std::string elementName;
+            if (okToFail) {
+                elementName = "skipped";
+            } else {
+                switch (result.getResultType()) {
+                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                    elementName = "error";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                    elementName = "failure";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                    elementName = "skipped";
+                    break;
+                    // We should never see these here:
+                case ResultWas::Info:
+                case ResultWas::Warning:
+                case ResultWas::Ok:
+                case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                case ResultWas::Exception:
+                    elementName = "internalError";
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement(elementName);
+
+            ReusableStringStream messageRss;
+            messageRss << result.getTestMacroName() << '(' << result.getExpression() << ')';
+            xml.writeAttribute("message"_sr, messageRss.str());
+
+            ReusableStringStream textRss;
+            if ( result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+                textRss << "SKIPPED\n";
+            } else {
+                textRss << "FAILED:\n";
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    textRss << '\t' << result.getExpressionInMacro() << '\n';
+                }
+                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+                    textRss << "with expansion:\n\t" << result.getExpandedExpression() << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (result.hasMessage())
+                textRss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
+
+            for (auto const& msg : stats.infoMessages)
+                if (msg.type == ResultWas::Info)
+                    textRss << msg.message << '\n';
+
+            textRss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
+            xml.writeText(textRss.str(), XmlFormatting::Newline);
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    StreamingReporterBase::~StreamingReporterBase() = default;
+
+    void
+    StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo ) {
+        currentTestRunInfo = _testRunInfo;
+    }
+
+    void StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& ) {
+        currentTestCaseInfo = nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        // Yes, this has to be outside the class and namespaced by naming.
+        // Making older compiler happy is hard.
+        static constexpr StringRef tapFailedString = "not ok"_sr;
+        static constexpr StringRef tapPassedString = "ok"_sr;
+        static constexpr Colour::Code tapDimColour = Colour::FileName;
+
+        class TapAssertionPrinter {
+        public:
+            TapAssertionPrinter& operator= (TapAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+            TapAssertionPrinter(TapAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+            TapAssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, std::size_t _counter, ColourImpl* colour_)
+                : stream(_stream)
+                , result(_stats.assertionResult)
+                , messages(_stats.infoMessages)
+                , itMessage(_stats.infoMessages.begin())
+                , printInfoMessages(true)
+                , counter(_counter)
+                , colourImpl( colour_ ) {}
+
+            void print() {
+                itMessage = messages.begin();
+
+                switch (result.getResultType()) {
+                case ResultWas::Ok:
+                    printResultType(tapPassedString);
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                    printReconstructedExpression();
+                    if (!result.hasExpression())
+                        printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+                    else
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                    if (result.isOk()) {
+                        printResultType(tapPassedString);
+                    } else {
+                        printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    }
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                    printReconstructedExpression();
+                    if (result.isOk()) {
+                        printIssue(" # TODO");
+                    }
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("unexpected exception with message:"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printExpressionWas();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("fatal error condition with message:"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printExpressionWas();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("expected exception, got none"_sr);
+                    printExpressionWas();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::Info:
+                    printResultType("info"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::Warning:
+                    printResultType("warning"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("explicitly"_sr);
+                    printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                    printResultType(tapPassedString);
+                    printIssue(" # SKIP"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                    // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+                case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                case ResultWas::Exception:
+                    printResultType("** internal error **"_sr);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            void printResultType(StringRef passOrFail) const {
+                if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
+                    stream << passOrFail << ' ' << counter << " -";
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printIssue(StringRef issue) const {
+                stream << ' ' << issue;
+            }
+
+            void printExpressionWas() {
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    stream << ';';
+                    stream << colourImpl->guardColour( tapDimColour )
+                           << " expression was:";
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printOriginalExpression() const {
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+                    stream << colourImpl->guardColour( tapDimColour ) << " for: ";
+
+                    std::string expr = result.getExpandedExpression();
+                    std::replace(expr.begin(), expr.end(), '\n', ' ');
+                    stream << expr;
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printMessage() {
+                if (itMessage != messages.end()) {
+                    stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+                    ++itMessage;
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printRemainingMessages(Colour::Code colour = tapDimColour) {
+                if (itMessage == messages.end()) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // using messages.end() directly (or auto) yields compilation error:
+                std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itEnd = messages.end();
+                const std::size_t N = static_cast<std::size_t>(itEnd - itMessage);
+
+                stream << colourImpl->guardColour( colour ) << " with "
+                       << pluralise( N, "message"_sr ) << ':';
+
+                for (; itMessage != itEnd; ) {
+                    // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+                    if (printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info) {
+                        stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+                        if (++itMessage != itEnd) {
+                            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(tapDimColour) << " and";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::ostream& stream;
+            AssertionResult const& result;
+            std::vector<MessageInfo> const& messages;
+            std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
+            bool printInfoMessages;
+            std::size_t counter;
+            ColourImpl* colourImpl;
+        };
+
+    } // End anonymous namespace
+
+    void TAPReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) {
+        if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+            m_stream << "# filters: " << m_config->testSpec() << '\n';
+        }
+        m_stream << "# rng-seed: " << m_config->rngSeed() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    void TAPReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+        m_stream << "# No test cases matched '" << unmatchedSpec << "'\n";
+    }
+
+    void TAPReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) {
+        ++counter;
+
+        m_stream << "# " << currentTestCaseInfo->name << '\n';
+        TapAssertionPrinter printer(m_stream, _assertionStats, counter, m_colour.get());
+        printer.print();
+
+        m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void TAPReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) {
+        m_stream << "1.." << _testRunStats.totals.assertions.total();
+        if (_testRunStats.totals.testCases.total() == 0) {
+            m_stream << " # Skipped: No tests ran.";
+        }
+        m_stream << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded(_testRunStats);
+    }
+
+
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
+        // subsequent lines
+        void printHeaderString(std::ostream& os, std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0) {
+            std::size_t i = _string.find(": ");
+            if (i != std::string::npos)
+                i += 2;
+            else
+                i = 0;
+            os << TextFlow::Column(_string)
+                  .indent(indent + i)
+                  .initialIndent(indent) << '\n';
+        }
+
+        std::string escape(StringRef str) {
+            std::string escaped = static_cast<std::string>(str);
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "|", "||");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "'", "|'");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "\n", "|n");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "\r", "|r");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "[", "|[");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "]", "|]");
+            return escaped;
+        }
+    } // end anonymous namespace
+
+
+    TeamCityReporter::~TeamCityReporter() = default;
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) {
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testSuiteStarted name='" << escape( runInfo.name )
+               << "']\n";
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& runStats ) {
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testSuiteFinished name='"
+               << escape( runStats.runInfo.name ) << "']\n";
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) {
+        AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
+        if ( !result.isOk() ||
+             result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+
+            ReusableStringStream msg;
+            if (!m_headerPrintedForThisSection)
+                printSectionHeader(msg.get());
+            m_headerPrintedForThisSection = true;
+
+            msg << result.getSourceInfo() << '\n';
+
+            switch (result.getResultType()) {
+            case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                msg << "expression failed";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                msg << "unexpected exception";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                msg << "fatal error condition";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                msg << "no exception was thrown where one was expected";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                msg << "explicit failure";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                msg << "explicit skip";
+                break;
+
+                // We shouldn't get here because of the isOk() test
+            case ResultWas::Ok:
+            case ResultWas::Info:
+            case ResultWas::Warning:
+                CATCH_ERROR("Internal error in TeamCity reporter");
+                // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+            case ResultWas::Unknown:
+            case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+            case ResultWas::Exception:
+                CATCH_ERROR("Not implemented");
+            }
+            if (assertionStats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
+                msg << " with message:";
+            if (assertionStats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
+                msg << " with messages:";
+            for (auto const& messageInfo : assertionStats.infoMessages)
+                msg << "\n  \"" << messageInfo.message << '"';
+
+
+            if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                msg <<
+                    "\n  " << result.getExpressionInMacro() << "\n"
+                    "with expansion:\n"
+                    "  " << result.getExpandedExpression() << '\n';
+            }
+
+            if ( result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+                m_stream << "##teamcity[testIgnored";
+            } else if ( currentTestCaseInfo->okToFail() ) {
+                msg << "- failure ignore as test marked as 'ok to fail'\n";
+                m_stream << "##teamcity[testIgnored";
+            } else {
+                m_stream << "##teamcity[testFailed";
+            }
+            m_stream << " name='" << escape( currentTestCaseInfo->name ) << '\''
+                     << " message='" << escape( msg.str() ) << '\'' << "]\n";
+        }
+        m_stream.flush();
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) {
+        m_testTimer.start();
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testStarted name='"
+            << escape(testInfo.name) << "']\n";
+        m_stream.flush();
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(testCaseStats);
+        auto const& testCaseInfo = *testCaseStats.testInfo;
+        if (!testCaseStats.stdOut.empty())
+            m_stream << "##teamcity[testStdOut name='"
+            << escape(testCaseInfo.name)
+            << "' out='" << escape(testCaseStats.stdOut) << "']\n";
+        if (!testCaseStats.stdErr.empty())
+            m_stream << "##teamcity[testStdErr name='"
+            << escape(testCaseInfo.name)
+            << "' out='" << escape(testCaseStats.stdErr) << "']\n";
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testFinished name='"
+            << escape(testCaseInfo.name) << "' duration='"
+            << m_testTimer.getElapsedMilliseconds() << "']\n";
+        m_stream.flush();
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::printSectionHeader(std::ostream& os) {
+        assert(!m_sectionStack.empty());
+
+        if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1) {
+            os << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+
+            std::vector<SectionInfo>::const_iterator
+                it = m_sectionStack.begin() + 1, // Skip first section (test case)
+                itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
+            for (; it != itEnd; ++it)
+                printHeaderString(os, it->name);
+            os << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+        }
+
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.front().lineInfo;
+
+        os << lineInfo << '\n';
+        os << lineOfChars('.') << "\n\n";
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4061) // Not all labels are EXPLICITLY handled in switch
+                              // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled
+                              // and default is missing) is enabled
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+    XmlReporter::XmlReporter( ReporterConfig&& _config )
+    :   StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(_config) ),
+        m_xml(m_stream)
+    {
+        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+    }
+
+    XmlReporter::~XmlReporter() = default;
+
+    std::string XmlReporter::getDescription() {
+        return "Reports test results as an XML document";
+    }
+
+    std::string XmlReporter::getStylesheetRef() const {
+        return std::string();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::writeSourceInfo( SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo ) {
+        m_xml
+            .writeAttribute( "filename"_sr, sourceInfo.file )
+            .writeAttribute( "line"_sr, sourceInfo.line );
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( testInfo );
+        std::string stylesheetRef = getStylesheetRef();
+        if( !stylesheetRef.empty() )
+            m_xml.writeStylesheetRef( stylesheetRef );
+        m_xml.startElement("Catch2TestRun")
+             .writeAttribute("name"_sr, m_config->name())
+             .writeAttribute("rng-seed"_sr, m_config->rngSeed())
+             .writeAttribute("xml-format-version"_sr, 3)
+             .writeAttribute("catch2-version"_sr, libraryVersion());
+        if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+            m_xml.writeAttribute( "filters"_sr, m_config->testSpec() );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+        m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" )
+            .writeAttribute( "name"_sr, trim( StringRef(testInfo.name) ) )
+            .writeAttribute( "tags"_sr, testInfo.tagsAsString() );
+
+        writeSourceInfo( testInfo.lineInfo );
+
+        if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+            m_testCaseTimer.start();
+        m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        if( m_sectionDepth++ > 0 ) {
+            m_xml.startElement( "Section" )
+                .writeAttribute( "name"_sr, trim( StringRef(sectionInfo.name) ) );
+            writeSourceInfo( sectionInfo.lineInfo );
+            m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) { }
+
+    void XmlReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+
+        AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
+
+        bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+
+        if( includeResults || result.getResultType() == ResultWas::Warning ) {
+            // Print any info messages in <Info> tags.
+            for( auto const& msg : assertionStats.infoMessages ) {
+                if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info && includeResults ) {
+                    auto t = m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" );
+                    writeSourceInfo( msg.lineInfo );
+                    t.writeText( msg.message );
+                } else if ( msg.type == ResultWas::Warning ) {
+                    auto t = m_xml.scopedElement( "Warning" );
+                    writeSourceInfo( msg.lineInfo );
+                    t.writeText( msg.message );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
+        if ( !includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning &&
+             result.getResultType() != ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Print the expression if there is one.
+        if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+            m_xml.startElement( "Expression" )
+                .writeAttribute( "success"_sr, result.succeeded() )
+                .writeAttribute( "type"_sr, result.getTestMacroName() );
+
+            writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "Original" )
+                .writeText( result.getExpression() );
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "Expanded" )
+                .writeText( result.getExpandedExpression() );
+        }
+
+        // And... Print a result applicable to each result type.
+        switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+            case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                m_xml.startElement( "Exception" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                m_xml.startElement( "FatalErrorCondition" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::Info:
+                m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" )
+                     .writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::Warning:
+                // Warning will already have been written
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                m_xml.startElement( "Failure" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                m_xml.startElement( "Skip" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if( result.hasExpression() )
+            m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded( sectionStats );
+        if ( --m_sectionDepth > 0 ) {
+            {
+                XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" );
+                e.writeAttribute( "successes"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.passed );
+                e.writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.failed );
+                e.writeAttribute( "expectedFailures"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.failedButOk );
+                e.writeAttribute( "skipped"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.skipped > 0 );
+
+                if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+                    e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds"_sr, sectionStats.durationInSeconds );
+            }
+            // Ends assertion tag
+            m_xml.endElement();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResult" );
+        e.writeAttribute( "success"_sr, testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk() );
+        e.writeAttribute( "skips"_sr, testCaseStats.totals.assertions.skipped );
+
+        if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+            e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds"_sr, m_testCaseTimer.getElapsedSeconds() );
+        if( !testCaseStats.stdOut.empty() )
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "StdOut" ).writeText( trim( StringRef(testCaseStats.stdOut) ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        if( !testCaseStats.stdErr.empty() )
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "StdErr" ).writeText( trim( StringRef(testCaseStats.stdErr) ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( testRunStats );
+        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" )
+            .writeAttribute( "successes"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.passed )
+            .writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.failed )
+            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.failedButOk )
+            .writeAttribute( "skips"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.skipped );
+        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResultsCases")
+            .writeAttribute( "successes"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.passed )
+            .writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.failed )
+            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.failedButOk )
+            .writeAttribute( "skips"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.skipped );
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+        m_xml.startElement("BenchmarkResults")
+             .writeAttribute("name"_sr, name);
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const &info) {
+        m_xml.writeAttribute("samples"_sr, info.samples)
+            .writeAttribute("resamples"_sr, info.resamples)
+            .writeAttribute("iterations"_sr, info.iterations)
+            .writeAttribute("clockResolution"_sr, info.clockResolution)
+            .writeAttribute("estimatedDuration"_sr, info.estimatedDuration)
+            .writeComment("All values in nano seconds"_sr);
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats) {
+        m_xml.scopedElement("mean")
+            .writeAttribute("value"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.point.count())
+            .writeAttribute("lowerBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.lower_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("upperBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.upper_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("ci"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.confidence_interval);
+        m_xml.scopedElement("standardDeviation")
+            .writeAttribute("value"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.point.count())
+            .writeAttribute("lowerBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.lower_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("upperBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.upper_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("ci"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.confidence_interval);
+        m_xml.scopedElement("outliers")
+            .writeAttribute("variance"_sr, benchmarkStats.outlierVariance)
+            .writeAttribute("lowMild"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.low_mild)
+            .writeAttribute("lowSevere"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.low_severe)
+            .writeAttribute("highMild"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.high_mild)
+            .writeAttribute("highSevere"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.high_severe);
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkFailed(StringRef error) {
+        m_xml.scopedElement("failed").
+            writeAttribute("message"_sr, error);
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("AvailableReporters");
+        for (auto const& reporter : descriptions) {
+            auto inner = m_xml.scopedElement("Reporter");
+            m_xml.startElement("Name", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(reporter.name, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("Description", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(reporter.description, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement( "RegisteredListeners" );
+        for ( auto const& listener : descriptions ) {
+            auto inner = m_xml.scopedElement( "Listener" );
+            m_xml.startElement( "Name", XmlFormatting::Indent )
+                .writeText( listener.name, XmlFormatting::None )
+                .endElement( XmlFormatting::Newline );
+            m_xml.startElement( "Description", XmlFormatting::Indent )
+                .writeText( listener.description, XmlFormatting::None )
+                .endElement( XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("MatchingTests");
+        for (auto const& test : tests) {
+            auto innerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("TestCase");
+            auto const& testInfo = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+            m_xml.startElement("Name", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.name, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("ClassName", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.className, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("Tags", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.tagsAsString(), XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+
+            auto sourceTag = m_xml.scopedElement("SourceInfo");
+            m_xml.startElement("File", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.lineInfo.file, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("Line", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(std::to_string(testInfo.lineInfo.line), XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("TagsFromMatchingTests");
+        for (auto const& tag : tags) {
+            auto innerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("Tag");
+            m_xml.startElement("Count", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(std::to_string(tag.count), XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            auto aliasTag = m_xml.scopedElement("Aliases");
+            for (auto const& alias : tag.spellings) {
+                m_xml.startElement("Alias", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                     .writeText(alias, XmlFormatting::None)
+                     .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/multi_accept.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/multi_accept.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..78e4adb
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using namespace sim::chrono;
+using sim::simulation;
+using sim::default_config;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace {
+
+int num_incoming = 0;
+int num_connected = 0;
+
+int counter = 0;
+
+void incoming_connection(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock, ip::tcp::acceptor& listener)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while accepting connection: %s\n"
+                       , millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       ++num_incoming;
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] received incoming connection\n", millis);
+       sock.close();
+
+       listener.async_accept(sock, std::bind(&incoming_connection
+               , _1, std::ref(sock), std::ref(listener)));
+}
+
+void on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while connecting: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       ++num_connected;
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] made outgoing connection\n", millis);
+       sock.close();
+
+       if (++counter > 5) return;
+
+       boost::system::error_code err;
+       sock.open(ip::tcp::v4(), err);
+       if (err) std::printf("[%4d] open failed: %s\n", millis, err.message().c_str());
+       sock.async_connect(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::make_address("40.30.20.10")
+               , 1337), std::bind(&on_connected, _1, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("accept a connection multiple times on the same socket", "[accept]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+       io_context incoming_ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+       io_context outgoing_ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"));
+       ip::tcp::acceptor listener(incoming_ios);
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       boost::system::error_code ec;
+       listener.open(ip::tcp::v4(), ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] open failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       listener.bind(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::address(), 1337), ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] bind failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       listener.listen(10, ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] listen failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+
+       ip::tcp::socket incoming(incoming_ios);
+       listener.async_accept(incoming
+               , std::bind(&incoming_connection, _1, std::ref(incoming)
+               , std::ref(listener)));
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] connecting\n", millis);
+       ip::tcp::socket outgoing(outgoing_ios);
+       outgoing.open(ip::tcp::v4(), ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] open failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       outgoing.async_connect(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::make_address("40.30.20.10")
+               , 1337), std::bind(&on_connected, _1, std::ref(outgoing)));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       CHECK(num_incoming == 6);
+       CHECK(num_connected == 6);
+
+       millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/multi_homed.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/multi_homed.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2751414
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace sim;
+using namespace sim::asio::ip;
+using namespace sim::chrono;
+using sim::simulation;
+using sim::default_config;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace {
+
+char receive_buf[1000];
+char send_buf[1000];
+
+int num_ipv6 = 0;
+int num_ipv4 = 0;
+
+}
+
+void on_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t /* bytes_transferred */
+       , udp::socket& s)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while receiving: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] received packet on %s\n", millis,
+               s.local_endpoint().address().to_string().c_str());
+
+       if (s.local_endpoint().address().is_v4())
+       {
+               ++num_ipv4;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               ++num_ipv6;
+       }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("one node can have multiple addresses (UDP)", "[multi-homed]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+
+       // the machine receiving packets has two IP addresses
+       asio::io_context incoming_ios(sim, {
+               make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"),
+               make_address_v6("ff::dead:beef:1337")} );
+       asio::io_context outgoing_ios(sim, make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"));
+
+       // we create two sockets for it, one for each interface
+       udp::socket incoming_v4(incoming_ios);
+       udp::socket incoming_v6(incoming_ios);
+       udp::socket outgoing(outgoing_ios);
+
+       boost::system::error_code ec;
+       incoming_v4.open(udp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v4.bind(udp::endpoint(make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"), 1337), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v4.async_receive(asio::buffer(receive_buf
+               , sizeof(receive_buf)), std::bind(&on_receive, _1, _2
+               , std::ref(incoming_v4)));
+
+       incoming_v6.open(udp::v6(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v6.bind(udp::endpoint(make_address_v6("ff::dead:beef:1337"), 1337), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v6.async_receive(asio::buffer(receive_buf
+               , sizeof(receive_buf)), std::bind(&on_receive, _1, _2
+               , std::ref(incoming_v6)));
+
+       outgoing.open(udp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       outgoing.non_blocking(true);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       // send a packet to the IPv4 address
+       outgoing.send_to(asio::buffer(send_buf, sizeof(send_buf))
+               , udp::endpoint(make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"), 1337), 0, ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       // and a packet to the IPv6 address
+       outgoing.send_to(asio::buffer(send_buf, sizeof(send_buf))
+               , udp::endpoint(make_address_v6("ff::dead:beef:1337"), 1337), 0, ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       CHECK(millis == 43);
+       CHECK(num_ipv4 == 1);
+       CHECK(num_ipv6 == 1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("one node can have multiple addresses (TCP)", "[multi-homed]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+
+       const unsigned short listen_port = 4242;
+
+       // the machine receiving packets has two IP addresses
+       asio::io_context incoming_ios(sim, {
+               make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"),
+               make_address_v6("ff::dead:beef:1337")} );
+
+       // the machine sending packets has two IP addresses
+       asio::io_context outgoing_ios(sim, {
+               make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"),
+               make_address_v6("ff::abad:cafe:1337")
+       });
+
+       // we create two acceptors for it, one for each interface
+       asio::ip::tcp::acceptor incoming_v4(incoming_ios);
+       asio::ip::tcp::acceptor incoming_v6(incoming_ios);
+
+       tcp::socket outgoing_v4(outgoing_ios);
+       tcp::socket outgoing_v6(outgoing_ios);
+
+       boost::system::error_code ec;
+
+       incoming_v4.open(tcp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v4.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v4::any(), listen_port));
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v4.listen();
+
+       incoming_v6.open(tcp::v6(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v6.bind(tcp::endpoint(address_v6::any(), listen_port));
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming_v6.listen();
+
+       int num_incoming_v4 = 0;
+       int num_incoming_v6 = 0;
+
+       tcp::socket incoming_socket(incoming_ios);
+       incoming_v4.async_accept(incoming_socket, [&] (boost::system::error_code ec) {
+               REQUIRE(!ec);
+               CHECK(incoming_socket.remote_endpoint().address() == make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"));
+               num_incoming_v4++;
+               incoming_socket.close();
+       });
+
+       incoming_v6.async_accept(incoming_socket, [&] (boost::system::error_code ec) {
+               REQUIRE(!ec);
+               CHECK(incoming_socket.remote_endpoint().address() == make_address_v6("ff::abad:cafe:1337"));
+               num_incoming_v6++;
+               incoming_socket.close();
+       });
+
+       // connect via ipv4
+       outgoing_v4.open(tcp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       auto endpoint_v4 = asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(asio::ip::make_address("40.30.20.10"), listen_port);
+       outgoing_v4.async_connect(endpoint_v4, [] (boost::system::error_code ec) {
+               REQUIRE(!ec);
+       });
+       sim.run();
+
+       CHECK(num_incoming_v4 == 1);
+       CHECK(num_incoming_v6 == 0);
+
+       // connect via ipv6
+       outgoing_v6.open(tcp::v6(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       auto endpoint_v6 = asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(asio::ip::make_address("ff::dead:beef:1337"), listen_port);
+       outgoing_v6.async_connect(endpoint_v6, [] (boost::system::error_code ec) {
+               REQUIRE(!ec);
+       });
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       CHECK(num_incoming_v4 == 1);
+       CHECK(num_incoming_v6 == 1);
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/null_buffers.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/null_buffers.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..182f302
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using namespace sim::chrono;
+using sim::simulation;
+using sim::default_config;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+char send_buffer[10000];
+char recv_buffer[10000];
+int num_received = 0;
+int num_sent = 0;
+
+void on_sent(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] send error %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       num_sent += int(bytes_transferred);
+       std::printf("[%4d] sent %d bytes (total: %d)\n"
+               , millis, int(bytes_transferred), num_sent);
+
+       if (num_sent < 1000000)
+       {
+               sock.async_write_some(sim::asio::buffer(send_buffer
+                               , (std::min)(1000000 - num_sent, int(sizeof(send_buffer))))
+                       , std::bind(&on_sent, _1, _2, std::ref(sock)));
+               return;
+       }
+       std::printf("closing\n");
+       sock.close();
+}
+
+void on_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec, ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] receive error %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       boost::system::error_code err;
+       std::size_t bytes_transferred = sock.read_some(sim::asio::buffer(
+                       recv_buffer, sizeof(recv_buffer)), err);
+       if (err && err != boost::system::error_code(error::would_block))
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] receive error %s\n", millis, err.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       num_received += int(bytes_transferred);
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] received %d bytes (total: %d)\n"
+               , millis, int(bytes_transferred), num_received);
+
+       sock.async_wait(ip::tcp::socket::wait_read
+               , std::bind(&on_receive, _1, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+void incoming_connection(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock, ip::tcp::endpoint const& ep)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while accepting connection: %s\n"
+                       , millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       boost::system::error_code err;
+       ip::tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint = sock.remote_endpoint(err);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] local_endpoint failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       ip::tcp::endpoint local_endpoint = sock.local_endpoint(err);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] remote_endpoint failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       std::printf("[%4d] received incoming connection from: %s:%d. local endpoint: %s:%d\n"
+               , millis, ep.address().to_string().c_str(), ep.port()
+               , local_endpoint.address().to_string().c_str(), local_endpoint.port());
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.port() == 1337);
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.address().to_string() == "40.30.20.10");
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.port() != 0);
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.address().to_string() == "10.20.30.40");
+
+       sock.non_blocking(true);
+       if (err) std::printf("[%4d] ioctl failed: %s\n", millis, err.message().c_str());
+
+       sock.async_wait(ip::tcp::socket::wait_read
+               , std::bind(&on_receive, _1, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+void on_connected(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , ip::tcp::socket& sock)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while connecting: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       boost::system::error_code err;
+       ip::tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint = sock.remote_endpoint(err);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] remote_endpoint failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       ip::tcp::endpoint local_endpoint = sock.local_endpoint(err);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] local_endpoint failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       std::printf("[%4d] made outgoing connection to: %s:%d. local endpoint: %s:%d\n"
+               , millis
+               , remote_endpoint.address().to_string().c_str(), remote_endpoint.port()
+               , local_endpoint.address().to_string().c_str(), local_endpoint.port());
+
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.port() == 1337);
+       CHECK(remote_endpoint.address().to_string() == "40.30.20.10");
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.port() != 0);
+       CHECK(local_endpoint.address().to_string() == "10.20.30.40");
+
+       std::printf("sending %d bytes\n", int(sizeof(send_buffer)));
+       sock.async_write_some(sim::asio::buffer(send_buffer, sizeof(send_buffer))
+               , std::bind(&on_sent, _1, _2, std::ref(sock)));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("receive null_buffers", "[null_buffers]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+       io_context incoming_ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+       io_context outgoing_ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"));
+       ip::tcp::acceptor listener(incoming_ios);
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       boost::system::error_code ec;
+       listener.open(ip::tcp::v4(), ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] open failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       listener.bind(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::address(), 1337), ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] bind failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       listener.listen(10, ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] listen failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+
+       dump_network_graph(sim, "null_buffers.dot");
+
+       ip::tcp::socket incoming(incoming_ios);
+       ip::tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint;
+       listener.async_accept(incoming, remote_endpoint
+               , std::bind(&incoming_connection, _1, std::ref(incoming)
+               , std::cref(remote_endpoint)));
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] connecting\n", millis);
+       ip::tcp::socket outgoing(outgoing_ios);
+       outgoing.open(ip::tcp::v4(), ec);
+       if (ec) std::printf("[%4d] open failed: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+       outgoing.async_connect(ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::make_address("40.30.20.10")
+               , 1337), std::bind(&on_connected, _1, std::ref(outgoing)));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+       std::printf("num_sent: %d num_received: %d\n"
+               , num_sent, num_received);
+
+       CHECK(num_received == num_sent);
+       CHECK(num_received == 1000000);
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/parse_request.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/parse_request.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5e17d48
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+#include "simulator/http_server.hpp" // for parse_request
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+TEST_CASE("parse GET request", "[parse_request]")
+{
+       auto str = "GET /foo/bar?x=4 HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n";
+       sim::http_request req = sim::parse_request(str, static_cast<int>(std::strlen(str)));
+       CHECK(req.method == "GET");
+       CHECK(req.req == "/foo/bar?x=4");
+       CHECK(req.path == "/foo/bar");
+       CHECK(req.headers.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("request path is normalized (no leading slash)", "[parse_request]")
+{
+       auto str = "GET foo/bar HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n";
+       sim::http_request req = sim::parse_request(str, static_cast<int>(std::strlen(str)));
+       CHECK(req.path == "/foo/bar");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("request path is normalized (..)", "[parse_request]")
+{
+       auto str = "GET /foo/../foo/bar HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n";
+       sim::http_request req = sim::parse_request(str, static_cast<int>(std::strlen(str)));
+       CHECK(req.path == "/foo/bar");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("parse CONNECT request", "[parse_request]")
+{
+       auto str = "CONNECT 192.168.0.1:8888 HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n";
+       sim::http_request req = sim::parse_request(str, static_cast<int>(std::strlen(str)));
+       CHECK(req.method == "CONNECT");
+       CHECK(req.req == "192.168.0.1:8888");
+       CHECK(req.path == "192.168.0.1:8888");
+       CHECK(req.headers.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("headers are parsed", "[parse_request]")
+{
+       auto str = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nX-Foo: Bar\r\n\r\n";
+       sim::http_request req = sim::parse_request(str, static_cast<int>(std::strlen(str)));
+       CHECK(!req.headers.empty());
+       CHECK(req.headers["x-foo"] == "Bar");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("invalid formed request throws parse exception", "[parse_request]")
+{
+       auto str = "INVALID";
+       REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(sim::parse_request(str, static_cast<int>(std::strlen(str))), Catch::Matchers::ContainsSubstring("parse failed"));
+}
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/resolver.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/resolver.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..266f16c
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace sim;
+
+using asio::ip::make_address_v4;
+using asio::ip::address_v4;
+using duration = chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration;
+using chrono::duration_cast;
+using chrono::milliseconds;
+
+int num_lookups = 0;
+
+void on_name_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& /* ec */
+       , asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type ips)
+{
+       ++num_lookups;
+
+       std::vector<address_v4> expect = {
+               make_address_v4("1.2.3.4")
+               , make_address_v4("1.2.3.5")
+               , make_address_v4("1.2.3.6")
+               , make_address_v4("1.2.3.7") };
+
+       auto expect_it = expect.begin();
+
+       for (auto const& ip : ips)
+       {
+               assert(ip.endpoint().address() == *expect_it);
+               assert(ip.endpoint().port() == 8080);
+
+               ++expect_it;
+       }
+
+       assert(expect_it == expect.end());
+}
+
+void on_failed_name_lookup(boost::system::error_code const& ec
+       , asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type /* ips */)
+{
+       ++num_lookups;
+
+       assert(ec == boost::system::error_code(asio::error::host_not_found));
+}
+
+struct sim_config : sim::default_config
+{
+       duration hostname_lookup(
+               asio::ip::address const& requestor
+               , std::string hostname
+               , std::vector<asio::ip::address>& result
+               , boost::system::error_code& ec)
+       {
+               if (hostname == "test.com")
+               {
+                       result = {
+                               make_address_v4("1.2.3.4")
+                               , make_address_v4("1.2.3.5")
+                               , make_address_v4("1.2.3.6")
+                               , make_address_v4("1.2.3.7")
+                       };
+                       return duration_cast<duration>(chrono::milliseconds(50));
+               }
+
+               return default_config::hostname_lookup(requestor, hostname, result, ec);
+       }
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("resolve multiple IPv4 addresses", "[resolver]") {
+       sim_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+
+       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+       num_lookups = 0;
+
+       asio::io_context ios(sim, make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(ios);
+       resolver.async_resolve("test.com", "8080"
+               , std::bind(&on_name_lookup, _1, _2));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start).count());
+
+       CHECK(millis == 50);
+       CHECK(num_lookups == 1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("resolve non-existent hostname", "[resolver]") {
+       sim_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+
+       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+       num_lookups = 0;
+
+       asio::io_context ios(sim, make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(ios);
+       resolver.async_resolve("non-existent.com", "8080"
+               , std::bind(&on_failed_name_lookup, _1, _2));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start).count());
+
+       CHECK(millis == 100);
+       CHECK(num_lookups == 1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("lookups resolve serially, compounding the latency", "[resolver]") {
+       sim_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+
+       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+       num_lookups = 0;
+
+       asio::io_context ios(sim, make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(ios);
+       resolver.async_resolve("non-existent.com", "8080", std::bind(&on_failed_name_lookup, _1, _2));
+       resolver.async_resolve("non-existent.com", "8080", std::bind(&on_failed_name_lookup, _1, _2));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start).count());
+
+       CHECK(millis == 200);
+       CHECK(num_lookups == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("resolve an IP address", "[resolver]") {
+       sim_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+
+       chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+       num_lookups = 0;
+
+       asio::io_context ios(sim, make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+
+       asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(ios);
+       resolver.async_resolve("10.10.10.10", "8080"
+               , [](boost::system::error_code const& /* ec */, asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type ips)
+       {
+               ++num_lookups;
+               std::vector<address_v4> expect = { make_address_v4("10.10.10.10") };
+
+               auto expect_it = expect.begin();
+               for (auto const& ip : ips)
+               {
+                       assert(ip.endpoint().address() == *expect_it);
+                       assert(ip.endpoint().port() == 8080);
+                       ++expect_it;
+               }
+
+               assert(expect_it == expect.end());
+       });
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start).count());
+
+       CHECK(millis == 0);
+       CHECK(num_lookups == 1);
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/timer.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/timer.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..be2bc69
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace sim::chrono;
+using namespace sim::asio;
+using sim::simulation;
+using sim::default_config;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace {
+
+       int counter = 0;
+       const int expected_timestamps[] = {1000, 2000, 4000, 7000, 11000 };
+
+       high_resolution_clock::time_point start;
+}
+
+void print_time(high_resolution_timer& timer
+       , boost::system::error_code const& ec)
+{
+       using namespace sim::chrono;
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now() - start).count());
+
+       std::printf("[%d] timer fired at: %d milliseconds. error: %s\n"
+               , counter
+               , millis
+               , ec.message().c_str());
+
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               CHECK(millis == 0);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       CHECK(millis == expected_timestamps[counter]);
+
+       ++counter;
+       if (counter < 5)
+       {
+               timer.expires_after(seconds(counter));
+               timer.async_wait(std::bind(&print_time, std::ref(timer), _1));
+       }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("wait for timers", "[timer]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+       io_context ios(sim, ip::make_address_v4("1.2.3.4"));
+       high_resolution_timer timer(ios);
+
+       start = high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+       timer.expires_after(seconds(10));
+       timer.async_wait(std::bind(&print_time, std::ref(timer), _1));
+
+       timer.cancel();
+       timer.expires_after(seconds(1));
+       timer.async_wait(std::bind(&print_time, std::ref(timer), _1));
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       CHECK(counter == 5);
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/test/udp_socket.cpp b/simulation/libsimulator/test/udp_socket.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e33d267
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Arvid Norberg
+All rights reserved.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#include "simulator/simulator.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include <cstdio> // for printf
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// for CATCH's CHECK macro
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+using namespace sim;
+using namespace sim::asio::ip;
+using namespace sim::chrono;
+using sim::simulation;
+using sim::default_config;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+namespace {
+
+char receive_buf[1000];
+char send_buf[1000];
+
+int num_sent = 0;
+int num_received = 0;
+
+void on_receive(boost::system::error_code const& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred
+       , udp::socket& s, udp::endpoint& ep)
+{
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       if (ec)
+       {
+               std::printf("[%4d] error while receiving: %s\n", millis, ec.message().c_str());
+               return;
+       }
+
+       num_received += int(bytes_transferred);
+
+       std::printf("[%4d] received %d bytes from %s\n", millis
+               , int(bytes_transferred)
+               , ep.address().to_string().c_str());
+
+       if (bytes_transferred == 100 * 10) return;
+
+       s.async_receive_from(asio::buffer(receive_buf
+               , sizeof(receive_buf)), ep, std::bind(&on_receive, _1, _2
+               , std::ref(s), std::ref(ep)));
+}
+
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("send packet to udp socket", "[udp_socket]")
+{
+       default_config cfg;
+       simulation sim(cfg);
+       asio::io_context incoming_ios(sim, make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"));
+       asio::io_context outgoing_ios(sim, make_address_v4("10.20.30.40"));
+
+       udp::socket incoming(incoming_ios);
+       udp::socket outgoing(outgoing_ios);
+
+       boost::system::error_code ec;
+       incoming.open(udp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+       incoming.bind(udp::endpoint(address(), 1337), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       outgoing.open(udp::v4(), ec);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       udp::endpoint remote_endpoint;
+       incoming.async_receive_from(asio::buffer(receive_buf,
+                       sizeof(receive_buf)), remote_endpoint, std::bind(&on_receive, _1, _2
+                       , std::ref(incoming), std::ref(remote_endpoint)));
+
+       outgoing.non_blocking(true);
+       REQUIRE(!ec);
+
+       for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i)
+       {
+               num_sent += int(outgoing.send_to(asio::buffer(send_buf, 100 * i)
+                       , udp::endpoint(make_address_v4("40.30.20.10"), 1337), 0, ec));
+               REQUIRE(!ec);
+       }
+
+       sim.run();
+
+       int millis = int(duration_cast<milliseconds>(high_resolution_clock::now()
+               .time_since_epoch()).count());
+
+       CHECK(millis == 56);
+       CHECK(num_sent == num_received);
+       CHECK(num_sent == 100 * 45);
+}
+
diff --git a/simulation/libsimulator/user-config.jam b/simulation/libsimulator/user-config.jam
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..036f1e0
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+using msvc : 14.1 ;
+using gcc ;
+